Gustav Gaertner

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Gustav Gaertner
The professors at the Medical University of Vienna, chalk drawing by Olga Prager, Vienna 1908–1910. In the Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter , Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli , Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl , Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gaertner, Leopold Oser , Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch , August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta

Gustav Gaertner (born September 28, 1855 in Pardubitz , Bohemia , † November 4, 1937 in Vienna ) was an Austrian doctor and pathologist .

family

He was a son of the farmer and distiller Alois Gaertner and his wife Josephine (Liebermann). In 1897 he married Melanie (Schalk), from the marriage came a daughter (Hanna Gärtner) and a son.

education and profession

He first attended high school in Königgrätz and then went to the University of Vienna to study medicine . In 1879 he completed his studies with a doctorate .

Gaertner then worked in various departments of the Vienna General Hospital and from 1882 at the Institute for General and Experimental Pathology with Salomon Stricker (1834–1898) as his lecture assistant and implemented the introduction of projection in the lecture hall as a teaching aid suggested by Stricker . As early as 1884 Gaertner was proposed for the chair of experimental pathology in Innsbruck , an intrigue prevented the appointment. In 1885 he obtained the lectureship for the subject of general and experimental pathology and in 1890 he received the extraordinary professorship, then worked mainly as a general practitioner. In 1892 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

During the First World War he volunteered as a doctor for the Grinzing Garrison Hospital and ran his own department there. It was not until 1918 that Gaertner received a full professorship at the University of Vienna.

power

Representation of the Walcher-Gaertner pneumatophore, manufactured by Waldek, Wagner & Benda (1895)
Gaertner tonometer (ca.1900)

Gaertner mainly worked in three areas: experimental-pathological investigations, nutritional studies and practical or scientific apparatus.

Initially, he dealt with splanchnic innervation of the kidneys and kidney secretion (1880). Work on electrodiagnostics and the measurement of electrodermal activity followed (1905). He also carried out experiments with intravenous infusions of strong saline solutions (1893), which was used during the war as a remedy for profuse diarrhea in cholera . In addition, he experimented with intravenous oxygen infusion as a therapeutic method and suggested the use of helium or hydrogen for decompression .

He pointed to the filling level of the veins in the back of the hand as an indicator of the right atrial pressure ("Gaertner sign" 1903) and dealt with the innervation of the cerebral vessels (increased blood outflow in epilepsy 1887).

In the field of nutrition, he propagated the reduction diet . Based on his experience with the ergostat he developed (quantitative-energetic measurement of physical work), he designed target weight tables. In 1898 he proposed a special fat milk for artificial child nutrition .

Gaertner developed a large number of practical and medical devices: a tonometer for measuring blood pressure on the finger (Gärtner tonometer 1899), a gyro centrifuge , a house scale with a rotating dial, a pulse control device for operations (sphygmoscope 1903), a portable ventilator (Pneumatophor 1896, manufactured by Waldek, Wagner & Benda ), an enema with a double fan (pneumoclys), a device for checking the patency of the nose (rhinometer), a device for determining hematocrit (hematograph), a portable shower bath (ombrophor), the electric two-cell bath (1889) Measuring device for blood flow velocity (kaolin rheostat 1890), a row bath for hydrotherapy and a device for measuring the sound strength during auscultation (stethophonometer).

Works

  • About a new blood pressure meter (tonometer) . Vienna Med Wochenschr 49 (1899) 1412
  • The measurement of the pressure in the right atrium. A new clinical examination method . Münchn Med Wochenschr 50 (1903) 2038, 2080
  • Dietetic defatting cures . 1913

literature

  • Marlene Jantsch:  Gardener, Gustav. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 25 ( digitized version ).
  • A. Durig: Prof. Dr. Gustav Gardener. Vienna Klin Wochenschr (1925) 38
  • Solomon Robert Kagan: Jewish Medicine. Boston 1952, p. 304
  • A. Kronfeld: Professor Dr. Gustav Gaertner. Wien Med Wochenschr 87: 1237
  • Erna Lesky: The Vienna Medical School in the 19th Century. Graz 1965, p. 564
  • J. Pal: Professor Dr. Gustav Gaertner. Vienna Med Wochenschr 75 (1925) 2153
  • Julius Wagner-Jauregg : Professor Dr. Gustav Gaertner on his 80th birthday. Vienna Med Wochenschr 85 (1935) 1077

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The college of professors at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908–1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
personal data
SURNAME Gaertner, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gardener, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor and pathologist
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Pardubice , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 1937
Place of death Vienna