Viktor Urbanchich

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Viktor Urbanchich
The department heads of the General Polyclinic in Vienna around 1885.
From left, seated:
Alois Monti , Johann Schnitzler , Robert Ultzmann , Jakob Hock , Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch ;
Standing from left:
August Leopold von Reuss , Emil Stoffella , Wilhelm Winternitz , Leopold Oser , Anton von Frisch , Hans von Hebra , Ludwig Fürth , Moriz Benedikt , Viktor Urbantschitsch, Max Herz , Anton Wölfler , Ludwig Bandl
The professors at the Medical University of Vienna, chalk drawing by Olga Prager, Vienna 1908–1910. In the Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter , Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli , Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl , Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gaertner , Leopold Oser , Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch, August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta

Viktor Urbantschitsch (born September 10, 1847 in Vienna , † June 17, 1921 there ) was an Austrian physician and specialist in ear, nose and throat medicine . He is considered a co-founder of modern ear medicine.

Life

After studying medicine under Josef Hyrtl , Carl von Rokitansky and Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke in Vienna, he specialized in an autodidactic way to become a specialist in ear, nose and throat medicine. He received his doctorate in 1870 and from 1872 worked as an ear specialist at the Vienna General Polyclinic. In 1873 he was habilitated as lecturer in ear medicine at the University of Vienna . From 1892 he gave ortho-phonetic and ortho-acoustic lessons at the Lower Austrian state dust mute institute Vienna- Döbling . In 1907 he took over the management of the University Ear Clinic with a focus on otology, pathology and therapy for hearing disorders. Emil Fröschels began working under his leadership in 1908 to become an ear specialist. Viktor Urbantschitsch was the father of Rudolf Urbantschitsch . He was buried at the Döblinger Friedhof .

plant

Around 1900 the first hearing education movement was triggered by the theories and practical successes of the ear specialists Viktor Urbantschitsch and Friedrich Bezold .

Urbantschitsch made his first experiences with a deaf-mute boy in the Vienna polyclinic. He continued this with his ortho-phonetic and ortho-acoustic exercises at the state dust mute institute in Vienna-Döbling. Like Jean Marie Gaspard Itard , he tried to physically improve the residual hearing through a "hearing exercise" he developed in order to awaken the hearing from the "inactivity lethargy" of his cochlea.

A first “listening track” should be laid through the listening exercises, which would follow tone, vowel, word and sentence hearing. This should enable the perception to be optimized by increasing the perception of previously inaudible sound sources. He recommended starting structured listening and speaking training before entering school. With his unisensory approach, he achieved remarkable successes with his individual hearing education program with students at two schools for the deaf in Vienna. He published his research results in 1895 in "About hearing exercises for deaf-mute and deaf people in later life" and in 1899 "About methodical listening exercises and their importance for the hard of hearing".

Bezold was able to prove that the hearing impressions from these listening exercises were only used psychologically and that no physical improvement in hearing could be achieved. Urbantschitsch was of the opinion, however, that hearing therapy could improve hearing perception by making better use of the existing hearing, even without actually increasing hearing. Although Urbantschitsch's successes were questioned, they led to unisensory hearing education with electronic hearing aids and from this to auditory-verbal therapy . Susann Schmid-Giovannini began in Vienna in 1949 to develop an auditory-verbal therapy using the Urbantschitsch method. Since the first hearing aids in Austria did not exist until the 1950s, she initially used the medical stethoscope for her hearing training , which she put in the children's ears while she spoke into the membrane.

During his research in the area of attention , Urbantschitsch found that with very weak stimuli, such as the quiet ticking of a wristwatch, periodic fluctuations in attention can be detected, which have a phase length of five to eight seconds.

With his book On subjective optical visual images in 1907 Urbantschitsch founded the psychological doctrine of eidetics .

Fonts

  • About the anomaly of taste, tactile sensation and saliva secretion as a result of diseases of the tympanic cavity . Stuttgart 1876
  • About listening exercises for people who are deaf and dumb and deaf in later life . Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Vienna 1895
  • Textbook of ear medicine . Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Vienna 1880
  • About methodical listening exercises and their importance for the hard of hearing . Vienna 1899
  • About methodical listening exercises and their importance for the hard of hearing, the deaf and the deaf and mute . Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Vienna 1901
  • Via subjective visual visual images . Publisher Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1907
  • On subjective hearing phenomena and subjective visual visuals: a psycho-physiological study . Publisher Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1908
  • About disorders of the memory due to diseases of the ear . Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Vienna 1918

literature

  • Report on the meeting of German ear specialists and teachers of the deaf and dumb in Munich in 1899 . In: European Archive of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology . Verlag Springer Berlin / Heidelberg ISSN  0937-4477 (Print) ISSN  1434-4726 (Online) issue. Volume 47, Number 3 / November 1899
  • Clinical contributions to ear medicine . Festschrift for Hofrat Prof. Dr. Victor Urbantschitsch from his colleagues, students and friends. Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Vienna 1919
  • Walter Schott: The Lower Austrian Provincial Deaf-Mute Asylums in Vienna-Döbling 1881–1921 and Wiener Neustadt 1903–1932: Represented according to annual reports, protocols and historical records with an outline of the development history of deaf education up to the establishment of the first institution . Self-published by Walter Schott, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-9501178-1-4

Web links

Commons : Viktor Urbantschitsch  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The college of professors at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908–1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
  2. ↑ Viktor Urbantschitsch grave site , Vienna, Döblinger Friedhof, Group 12, Row 2, No. 16.
personal data
SURNAME Urbanchich, Viktor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor and specialist in ear, nose and throat medicine
DATE OF BIRTH September 10, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH June 17, 1921
Place of death Vienna