Emil Zuckerkandl

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Emil Zuckerkandl
The professors at the Medical University of Vienna, chalk drawing by Olga Prager, Vienna 1908–1910. In the Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter , Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli , Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl, Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gärtner , Leopold Oser , Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch , August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta

Emil Zuckerkandl (born September 1, 1849 in Győr ; † May 28, 1910 in Vienna ) was an Austro - Hungarian anatomist and physical anthropologist . The Zuckerkandl organ and the Zuckerkandl fascia (connective tissue covering of the kidney) as well as the retrotracheal thyroid parts, the Zuckerkandl tuberculum, are named after him.

Life

education and profession

Anton Hanak : Emil Zuckerkandl, Arkadenhof of the University of Vienna

He grew up in a Jewish family in Győr , Hungary . His father Leon Zuckerkandl (1819–1899) came from the village of Bądy in Masuria . His mother Eleanor (1828–1900) was born a king. Emil Zuckerkandl studied from 1867 at the University of Vienna , a. a. with Josef von Škoda and in 1870, on the recommendation of his teacher Joseph Hyrtl, became a prosector in the Athenaeum in Amsterdam. From 1873 he worked in Vienna as an assistant at the pathological-anatomical institute under Carl von Rokitansky and demonstrator with Josef Hyrtl . In 1874 he was promoted to Dr. med. PhD . On October 1, 1874, Zuckerkandl became assistant to the anatomist Carl Langer, where he acquired a large and soon generally recognized knowledge during his research work, which is why he was appointed extraordinary professor of anatomy at the University of Vienna in 1880 without habilitation. By this time he had already published 58 scientific papers.

Emil Zuckerkandl's grave in the Döblinger Friedhof

From 1882 he taught this subject at the University of Graz as a full professor, from 1888 also in Vienna, where he headed the then modern anatomical institute in Vienna and after Langer's death also took over the chair.

Zuckerkandl was considered an excellent observer who dealt with almost all areas of anatomy and geared his specialist knowledge primarily to clinical requirements. He became known in particular with his research on craniology , published in 1877, and his multi-volume main work "Atlas of the topographical anatomy of man", published in 1890-1900.

One of his students is Julius Tandler , who from 1907 took over the lectures from his teacher, who was weakened due to a heart condition.

Private

Emil Zuckerkandl was married to the influential writer and journalist Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps , daughter of the newspaper publisher and studied medical doctor Moriz Szeps , since 1886 . She survived him 35 years.

His younger brothers also had prominent positions: Victor (1851–1927) was general director of the Upper Silesian iron industry in Gleiwitz , Robert (1856–1926) was a lawyer and university professor in Prague and Otto (1861–1921) was also a doctor and university professor in Vienna .

Zuckerkandl rests in an honorary grave designed by Josef Hoffmann in the Döblinger Friedhof (group 11, row G 2, number 11) in Vienna.

Awards

  • 1888: Elected to the Leopoldina
  • 1898: Appointment as a full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
  • 1914: Unveiling of a monument at the Anatomical Institute (May 28)
  • In the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna - the university's hall of fame - there has been a bust of Osers, created by Anton Hanak , since 1924 . As part of “purges” by the National Socialists in early November 1938, ten sculptures by Jewish or supposedly Jewish professors in the arcade courtyard were overturned or smeared with paint in connection with the “ Langemarck Celebration ”. At this point in time, the acting rector Fritz Knoll had the Arkadenhof sculptures checked; on his instructions, fifteen monuments were removed and placed in a depot, including that of Emil Zuckerkandl. After the end of the war, all damaged and removed monuments were put back in the arcade courtyard in 1947.
  • 1925: Declaration of Zuckerkandlgasse in Vienna- Pötzleinsdorf (1925- 1938 and from 1947.)

Works (selection)

  • Crania from the Novara Collection. In: Journey of the Austrian frigate Novara around the earth. Anthropological part . Gerold, Vienna 1875.
  • On the morphology of the facial skull . Stuttgart 1877.
  • Normal and pathological anatomy of the nasal cavity and its pneumatic appendages . Braumüller, Vienna 1882-1892.
  • Atlas of the topographical anatomy of man . Braumüller, Vienna 1890–1900. Edition 1904  - Internet Archive

literature

  • Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Volume 6. Chernivtsi 1932, p. 371f.
  • Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Volume 5. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , pp. 713f.
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 3: S – Z, Register. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 1524.
  • Andreas Winkelmann : From Achilles to Zuckerkandl - proper names in medical terminology. 2nd Edition. Bern 2009, ISBN 978-3-456-84470-1 , pp. 305f.

Web links

Commons : Emil Zuckerkandl  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The faculty of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908-1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
  2. ^ Ingrid Schweizer, Ernst Gemsenjäger: Struma with dysphagia: old and new knowledge. In: Switzerland Med Forum. Volume 4, 2004, pp. 934-936. (PDF; 159 kB)
  3. ↑ Jürgen Abrams: Thyroid Surgery Today. ENT doctors are regaining their territory. ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: ENT news. 1 2007. (PDF; 320 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hno-hamm.de
  4. ^ Mitchell G. Ash, Josef Ehmer: University - Politics - Society . Vienna University Press, June 17, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8470-0413-4 , p. 118.
personal data
SURNAME Zuckerkandl, Emil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian anatomist
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Győr
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1910
Place of death Vienna