General Hospital of the City of Vienna

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General Hospital of the City of Vienna
Sponsorship City vienna
place Vienna
state Vienna
Country AustriaAustria Austria
Coordinates 48 ° 13 '12 "  N , 16 ° 20' 51"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '12 "  N , 16 ° 20' 51"  E
Director of the sub-company Herwig Wetzlinger
beds 1,763 (2019)
Employee 8,661 (2019)
including doctors 1,582 (2019)
Affiliation medical university Vienna
founding 1784
Website www.akhwien.at
Template: Infobox_Krankenhaus / Logo_misst
AKH main entrance

The Vienna General Hospital ( AKH ) is the University Hospital of the City of Vienna . It is one of the largest hospitals in Europe and the largest hospital in Austria. It is also the seat of the Medical University of Vienna .

Old AKH

Old General Hospital, 1784
The AKH around 1830
Overview of the building blocks of the old and the new AKH
The tower of fools built around 1782
The synagogue in the old Vienna General Hospital

The origins of the Vienna General Hospital go back to Johann Franckh , who donated his land on Alser Strasse ( Schaffernack corridor ) in 1686 after the end of the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna for the construction of a soldiers' hospital . However, as the money to erect the building was initially lacking, the war invalids and their families were quartered in the existing Kontumazhof (disease hospital). It was not until 1693 that Emperor Leopold I ordered the construction of the house for the great poor and invalids . The first courtyard was completed in 1697 and 1042 people were quartered in it. In order to take Franckh's wishes into account, war invalids moved into their quarters in the wing on Alser Strasse, but the rest of the residents were civilian poor. In 1724 there were already 1,740 people living there. The complex could be expanded by the will of Ferdinand Freiherr von Thavonat, who donated his property after his death in 1726 to disabled soldiers. As a result, the already started 2nd courtyard (marriage or widow's courtyard, now called Thavonathof) could be completed. The side courtyards formed by intermediate tracts, the hospital courtyard (4th), service courtyard (5th) and craftsmen's courtyard (7th) were also built. 1733 under Emperor Charles VI. was structurally expanded according to plans by Matthias Gerl and Franz Anton Pilgram with the construction of a three-lane baroque grand staircase with long steps made of hard, light Kaiserstein from the Kaisersteinbruch .

From 1752 to 1774 the student courtyard (3rd) and the caretaker's courtyard (6th) were expanded. The residents had to wear a special uniform and were given their own copper coins that could be redeemed at the bakers , butchers , etc. in the complex .

On January 28, 1783, Emperor Joseph II visited the poor house. He found that the huge facility was not so much used for emergency relief, but rather housed people who had got there through protection or sloppiness. On the spur of the moment , he picked up the facility and had his personal physician Joseph Quarin , who later became director, reschedule it as a general hospital. The model was the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris . The opening took place on August 16, 1784. The dedication in the archway to Alser Straße reads “Saluti et solatio aegrorum” (For the salvation and consolation of the sick). It is also placed at the entrance to the new General Hospital (AKH). The house was only responsible for health care, the other tasks of the hospitals were separated. An insane asylum and a birthing center were connected to the hospital, and from 1806 the foundling center at Alser Straße 23 was attached. It is to this fact that the Alserkirche owes the largest register archive in Europe with its own registers for these stations. Contrary to the wishes of Joseph II, separate lists were drawn up for the fathers of illegitimate children. The fool's tower was the first special building to accommodate the mentally ill and offered space for 200 to 250 patients. Because of its peculiar shape, the Viennese also call it "(Emperor Joseph's) Gugelhupf". Today it is the seat of the Federal Pathological-Anatomical Museum in Vienna. Weekly cultural events take place there every summer.

After the neighboring cemetery was closed, the 8th and 9th courtyards were added in 1834 under Emperor Franz I. The Pathological-Anatomical Institute, which was opened in 1862 under Carl von Rokitansky and served this purpose until 1991, is located in courtyard 10 on Spitalgasse . On the gable is the inscription “Indagandis sedibus et causis morborum” (The investigation of the seat and the causes of the diseases). The Center for Brain Research has been housed here since 2000. There were reorganizations in 1865 when the birthing and insane asylum came under the administration of the Crown Land of Lower Austria , and in 1922 when the Federal State of Vienna was created. In 1903, a prayer pavilion was built in courtyard 6 by the architect Max Fleischer , financed by donations from the community. During the Reichspogromnacht in 1938 it was badly devastated, after the war it was used as a transformer station and reopened in 2005 as the Denk-Mal Marpe Lanefesch (healing for the soul). In the 1930s, the former military prosecution building of the garrison hospital at Sensengasse 2 was converted into the Institute for Forensic Medicine, now the Department of Forensic Medicine (DGM), and expanded in the 1950s. In the 1950s, barracks were built in the courtyards for reasons of space and as a modernization, which were removed again during the campus renovation, as were the numerous additions to the original building.

The former garrison hospital I with its remarkable former lecture hall is located in the same block . Between 1933 and 1967 it housed the nursing school now located in the sister towers; among other things, the university dental clinic is housed there. Immediately behind it is the Josephinum on Währinger Strasse .

In the 19th century in particular, the Vienna General Hospital was one of the focal points of medical research as the center of the Vienna Medical School . So doing there Ignaz Semmelweis his observations to the hygiene of the two separate maternity hospitals in the 8th and 9th yard, Karl Landsteiner discovered at the AKH, the blood groups and received in 1930 the Nobel Prize , Julius Wagner-Jauregg developed the malaria fever therapy in progressive paralysis, a up to then incurable late stage of syphilis, and received the Nobel Prize in 1927. The neurobiologist Róbert Bárány (Nobel Prize 1914) and the surgeon Theodor Billroth also worked there and in the new clinics.

After the new AKH had already been planned, Mayor Franz Jonas announced at the 600th anniversary of the university that they were considering donating the nearby area to the university, which was made legally possible by the University Organization Act of 1975. On December 7th, 1988, the notarial act was signed by Mayor Helmut Zilk and Rector Wilhelm Holczabek . As early as 1986, an action committee for the old AKH was founded to initiate the adaptation work. Construction began in 1993. Since the relocation of the medical institutes, the campus of the University of Vienna has been located on the site of the old AKH, with numerous humanities institutes and several restaurants and smaller companies in the first courtyard .

The site was converted after a usability analysis from 1988 and a key program from 1992. The authors of the implementation were the architects Hugo Potyka, Friedrich Kurrent , Johannes Zeininger, Sepp Frank and Ernst M. Kopper, who joined the Arge Architekten Altes AKH had merged. The complex was handed over to users in 1998.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 21 ′ 9 ″  E

"New Clinics"

At the end of the 19th century it was clear that despite major redesigns and modernizations, contemporary hospital operations in the old general hospital could no longer be guaranteed. On June 21, 1904, Emperor Franz Josef laid the foundation stone for the “New Clinics” diagonally opposite at Spitalgasse 23 and Lazarettgasse 14. The first part was built by 1911. The overall concept provided for 20 large pavilions, the overall expansion of which was prevented by the two world wars.

The former First Medical University Clinic and another building are located between the sister towers, which were built later, and the new main building. The two women's clinics, which opened on October 21, 1908 and were the largest and most modern in the world at the time, are located on Spitalgasse. The two Ordninarii Friedrich Schauta and Rudolf Chrobak had a say in the Art Nouveau buildings, which are now considered classic examples of secessionist functional architecture. Among other things, there were flat roofs accessible by elevators that patients and staff could use to relax. Between the two former women's clinics is the former materials office with an attached chapel, a columned hall with cross-ribbed vaults supported by stone pillars and a glass-roofed inner courtyard on the first floor. Back then until around 1991 this part was called “New General Hospital” or earlier “New General Imperial Hospital”.

The main part of the Medical University of Vienna, which has been outsourced from the University of Vienna since 2004, is now located in Spitalgasse.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 11.6 ″  N , 16 ° 21 ′ 3.1 ″  E

New AKH

Model of the AKH
Main portal of the new AKH

Over time, the Josephine buildings of the general hospital became unsuitable, so that in 1957 it was decided to build a new large central clinic on the site of the former Lower Austria state mental hospital . Construction of the new AKH in Alsergrund began in the summer of 1964 with the nursing school including boarding school and staff dormitories (3 “sister towers”) at Lazarettgasse 14. From 1968 the second construction phase followed with the university clinics for paediatrics, psychiatry, neuropsychiatry for children and adolescents, depth psychology and psychotherapy, and a day care center on the Gürtel ("Kliniken am Südgarten"). These were opened in 1974 and 1975. The planning was the responsibility of an architectural community to which Wolfgang Bauer, Georg Köhler, Felix Kässens, Hannes Lintl , Georg Lippert , Alexander Marchart , Roland Moebius , Otto Mayr and Otto Nobis belonged. In 1970 the underground car park was started on the Gürtel and in 1974 the main building behind it. This consists of the ambulance and operating theater area (48 operating theaters) and two large bed towers with a total of 22 storeys that accommodate most of the 1,773 beds.

The AKH is connected to the public transport network with the Michelbeuern-AKH underground station . The central building with the bed towers was officially opened in 1994, but has been partially used since 1991. The total construction costs in 2004 were estimated at around 45 billion schillings (today approx. 3.3 billion euros ) - originally one billion schillings (around 73 million euros) were planned. The construction costs were borne jointly by the city of Vienna and the federal government. The cost explosion and the associated bribery affair during the construction of the new AKH led to the AKH scandal , the largest Austrian building scandal to date. When people spoke briefly of “general” in the past, the name “AKH” slowly began to spread with the new building, primarily for the new buildings, and became more and more the dominant name, especially after the AKH scandal in 1980.

In 2015, 8,838 people were employed at the AKH, including 1,578 doctors and 4,686 other people outside of administration and operations. In the same year, 106,869 inpatients and 539,611 patients were treated in the 400 outpatient departments. Around 8,000 students are enrolled at the Medical University of Vienna .

On July 19, 2003, a team of doctors at the hospital transplanted a human tongue for the first time in the world .

From 1989 until his retirement in 2014, Reinhard Krepler was Medical Director of the General Hospital, followed by Gabriela Kornek as Medical Director on an interim basis. Herwig Wetzlinger is Krepler's successor as director of the KAV subsidiary AKH Vienna.

School lessons

In order to prevent children of school age admitted to hospital from missing too much teaching time during a longer stay in hospital, there is a branch of the Vienna Heilstättenschule at the AKH .

Pastoral care

Various facilities are available for the religious and psychological needs of the patients. Catholic , Orthodox and Protestant ( AB and HB ) Christians as well as Muslims and Jews receive spiritual care through the AKH pastoral care, a platform for ecumenical and interreligious cooperation.

Since the old AKH is no longer used as a hospital, there is a prayer room for the sick of the Jewish faith on level 5 between the two towers of the new building, which is the responsibility of the Chief Rabbinate of the Jewish Community of Vienna .

orientation

The main entrance to the AKH leads through the entrance and administration building and is located on level 5. Orientation is based on a color system, with the main corridor system marked in blue. The main aisles lead in an east-west direction and are arranged as a so-called H-aisle system. The destinations (medical departments) are marked orange, yellow doors mark the way to the escape stairs. In addition, there are separate colors for the two ward houses. The ward block to the east, including the elevator doors of the corresponding lift systems, is marked in red, the ward block to the west is marked green. The individual floors are referred to as "level".

facts and figures

Buildings and facilities

Status: 2015

  • Land area: 240,000 m²
  • Property and building value: 1.6 billion euros
  • Value of the technical equipment: 70 million euros
  • Value of fixtures and fittings: 42 million euros

Departments and stations

Status: 2018

  • 25 university clinics
  • 7 institutes
  • 39 Clinical Departments
  • 56 General ambulances
  • 344 special clinics
  • 76 normal care wards
  • 15 intensive care units
  • 48 operating rooms
  • 11 intervention rooms
  • 8 recovery rooms

Rooms and beds

Status: 2018

  • 1,773 beds in total, of which
    • 1,383 normal beds
    • 130 intensive care beds
    • 137 intermediate care beds
    • 41 day hospital beds
    • 82 weekly hospital beds

(maximum 38 beds per ward and maximum 3 beds per room)

staff

Status: 2018

  • Total staff 8,764, including
    • approx. 1,584 doctors
    • approx. 2,643 nursing staff

Costs and revenues

Status: 2018

  • Service revenue: 654 million euros
  • Subsidies from the municipality of Vienna, the Vienna Health Fund, the federal government and MedUni Vienna: 71 million euros
  • Material costs: 233.5 million euros
  • Personnel costs: 392 million euros
  • Balance sheet loss (total): 58 million euros

statistics

Status: 2018

  • 553,000 ambulance cases
  • 78,734 inpatient admissions
  • Average length of stay : 4.6 days
  • 51,676 operations
  • 2,764 deceased patients

Teaching and Research

Status: 2008

  • 1 large lecture hall with 507 seats
  • 2 large lecture halls with 287 seats each
  • 2 lecture halls with 147 seats each
  • 40 individual workplaces
  • 26 group work rooms
  • 14 practice rooms

literature

Web links

Commons : General Hospital Vienna  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Bed status by type of bed , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f [1] , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019.
  3. ↑ Article on www.darkdaily.com of April 23, 2010 - Europe's 10 Largest Acute Care Hospitals Have Sizeable Clinical Pathology Laboratories Read more: Europe's 10 Largest Acute Care Hospitals Have Sizeable Clinical Pathology Laboratories | Dark Daily http://www.darkdaily.com/europes-10-largest-acute-care-hospitals-have-sizeable-clinical-pathology-laboratories-423#ixzz2Tfc27Yjr
  4. ↑ Medical University of Vienna - largest and most traditional medical research institution in Austria
  5. ↑ Overview of the child admissions and the catering status
  6. ↑ Article by Ing.Felix Gundacker Izkušnje poklicnega rodoslovca v Avstriji
  7. ↑ Georg Lippert. In: Architects Lexicon Vienna 1770–1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007. Retrieved on September 19, 2013.
  8. ↑ Example before 1980: Austria - Das Gruselhaus . In: Der Spiegel . No. 23 , 1976, p. 155-156 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Regal, Michael Nanut: Anonymous birth as early as 1784 (Altes Medizinisches Wien 24) ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Doctors Week, 17th year, 2003, No. 8 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.springermedizin.at
  10. ↑ a b c d e key data on medical operations , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k structural data , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019.
  12. ↑ Facts & Figures about the Medical University of Vienna , on the website of the Meduni Vienna, accessed on May 13, 2017
  13. ^ " Augsburger Allgemeine " from July 19, 2008
  14. ↑ derStandard.at - Herwig Wetzlinger becomes the new director of the Vienna General Hospital . Article dated December 15, 2014, accessed December 16, 2014.
  15. ↑ [2]
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j AKH Annual Report 2018
  17. ↑ General Hospital of the City of Vienna - Medical University Campus , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital , accessed on March 21, 2018
  18. ↑ Key figures of top medical performance , on the website of the Vienna General Hospital, Vienna 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019.

Remarks

  1. ↑ As of 2015
  2. ↑ As of 2019