Alser Strasse

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Alser Strasse
Street in Vienna
Josefstadt (8th district)
Vienna
Alsergrund (9th district)
Alser Strasse
Alser Straße at the old general hospital, view into town
Basic data
place Vienna
Josefstadt (8th district)
Vienna
Alsergrund (9th district)
District Breitenfeld
Alservorstadt
Created before 1211
Hist. Names Alsaerstrâzze (1211), Alserstrazz in front of Schottentor (1342), Alstergasse (1628), In der Vordern Alstergassen (1766)
Connecting roads Ottakringer Strasse (in the west), Frankhplatz, then Universitätsstrasse (in the east)
Cross streets Hernalser Gürtel , Blindengasse, Bennogasse, Zimmermanngasse, Albertgasse, Hebragasse, Kinderspitalgasse, Feldgasse, Brünnlbadgasse, Pelikangasse, Skodagasse, Kochgasse, Lange Gasse, Spitalgasse, Schlösselgasse, Wickenburggasse
Places Frankhplatz (east end of the street)
Buildings Altes AKH , Minorite Monastery Vienna , Alserkirche , Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna (northern side front)
use
User groups Pedestrians , bicycle traffic , car traffic , tram lines 43, 44
Technical specifications
Street length approx. 1070 m
The old AKH on Alser Strasse

The Alserstrasse in Vienna , already in 1211 as mentioned, connects the northern part of the inner city with Ottakring (16) and Hernals (17th district). On the approximately 1070 meter long street with tram traffic, there are also numerous doctor's offices due to the proximity to the General Hospital of the City of Vienna (AKH) and the university clinics.

Surname

The name, officially recorded in 1862 and used for the first time over 600 years ago, quotes the (now canalised) Als , which flows underground north of the road. See: brief history of the road .

The Alser Bach, after which Alserbachstraße in the 9th district is named, was one of the Wienerwald brooks whose waters often flooded the area. Today the Als, united with the Währinger Bach , flows as a brook canal into the right main collecting canal of the city and thus ends in the main sewage treatment plant in Vienna .

history

Alser Strasse on the front of the building of the Old General Hospital, 1784

For the year 1211 the mention of the "Alsaerstrâzze" as a settlement area in front of the Schottentor , one of the city gates of Vienna, is known. The names Alstergasse (1628), In der Vordern Alstergassen (1766), Große Gasse and Alsergrund Hauptstraße are later found. It has been officially called Alser Strasse since 1862 .

The current course of the street was determined in 1684 after the second Turkish siege of Vienna (July 15 to September 12, 1683), during which large parts of the suburbs were destroyed. From 1684 houses were built to the left and right of Alser Straße. In 1704 the line wall was built as the outer fortification of Vienna and its suburbs. At what was then the western end of the street at Bennogasse (corner of Alser Straße 65) there was a gate of the line wall called Hernalser Line , 1829–1890 with the associated line office , where the consumption tax, a sales tax applicable within the wall for food, was collected.

On today's Otto-Wagner-Platz north of Alser Straße, the Lower Austrian estates built their landscape school and academy for the education of the aristocratic sons of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns in 1685–1689. In 1688 the Trinitarians ("Weißspanier") began building a monastery on the southern side of the street. Between 1694 and 1704, the Alserkirche was built right next to the monastery . In 1749 the landscape academy was closed and the Alser barracks built on the site by 1753 , which marked the beginning of Alser Strasse on the north side of the street until 1912.

In 1693, Emperor Leopold I , as sovereign, ordered the construction of a house for the poor and the disabled on the area where the old AKH is located today. This was later expanded several times. It was finally rededicated at the instigation of Emperor Joseph II and reopened on August 16, 1784 as a general hospital , at that time one of the world's most modern hospitals.

In 1784, as part of the church reforms of Joseph II in Austria, the Minorites moved into the monastery, which has since been called the Minorite Monastery of Vienna . As sovereign, the emperor had decided that the Minorites had to move from Minoritenplatz in the old town, where they were based around the Minoritenkirche , to Alser Strasse. The Minorites took on pastoral care for the General Hospital opposite and later also for the prison of the regional court.

The Viennese foundling house was relocated to Alser Strasse on July 1, 1788 (around today's numbers 21 and 23), where it remained until he moved to Gersthof (in the 18th district) in 1910. Joseph II was present at the opening. The foundling house housed and looked after children of single mothers who, due to their personal circumstances, were unable to keep their children. The foundling house preserved the anonymity of the mothers. After the relocation, the property was parceled out and the confluence of Langen Gasse and Alser Strasse was built on a part (between numbers 21 and 23).

In 1806 the kk civil girls boarding school was housed in a wing of the Minorite monastery . It trained girls to be teachers and educators. However, the premises were unsuitable for this purpose and the girls' dormitories were soon overcrowded. In addition, the neighborhood of the foundling home was felt to be unsuitable. In 1841 the boarding house moved to the Palais Strozzi in what was then the suburb of Josefstadt .

Numerous printers and publishers settled in the Alservorstadt , which stretched on both sides of Alser Strasse. In 1805 Georg Ueberreuter founded his own print shop in the “Zum Pelikan” house (today Alser Straße 24). The management of the Carl Ueberreuter publishing house is still there today. At the time the Ueberreuter printing company was founded there were no house numbers. The houses were identified by house signs that were above the front door or on a corner of the house. The house signs were published in the so-called "house scheme".

In 1848/1849 the feudal manorial power in Austria was dissolved; In 1849 a provisional municipal law was passed in which it was determined: Suburbs always have to form a single local municipality with the actual city. Therefore, the Alservorstadt was subordinated to the Vienna City Council in 1849 and formally incorporated into Vienna in 1850 as part of the then newly constituted 8th district, the Alsergrund . Vienna was thus extended to the line wall .

In 1861 the part of Alservorstadt south of Alser Strasse was transferred to the Josefstadt district ; since then the street has been the district boundary. Due to the division of the Wieden , the district numbers here moved up by one in 1861. Josefstadt was now the 8th district, Alsergrund the 9th. In 1862, numerous multiple uses of street names that had resulted from the city expansion in 1850 were eliminated by renaming (including four side streets of Alser Straße in the 8th district) and those that are still valid today Principles for street numbering of houses introduced.

On October 4, 1865, the first private horse-drawn tramway in Vienna started operating from Schottentor through Alser Straße to the suburb of Hernals outside the Linienwall. The wagons had 36 seats and were initially pulled by two horses, from 1879 onwards only by one horse.

The unification of the suburbs outside the line wall with the city of Vienna was decided by the Lower Austrian state parliament in 1890 and carried out until 1892. In the 1890s, the Linienwall was demolished, the Gürtelstrasse completed and expanded, and the Viennese Stadtbahn built; The Gürtel and Obere Wientallinie were opened on May 11, 1898 as the first part of the Stadtbahn.

On August 8, 1901, the electrical operation introduced in the course of the municipalization of the tram began in Alser Strasse; Since March 13, 1907, today's line numbers are used. In 1905, the district boundaries that followed the course of the former line wall were moved westward to the Gürtel by state law. Because of this, the small part of Ottakringer Straße , which was located to the east of the belt, was included in Alser Straße, which since then no longer ends in the west at Bennogase, but at belt. (Ottakringer Straße was not renumbered and has therefore started on the Gürtel with house numbers 5 and 10.)

Until June 30, 1980, the trains on the H 2 line also ran the Alser Straße – Kinderspitalgasse route, the section of which on the double line has been replaced by the U2 underground line since August 30, 1980 ; the next underground station in the center was the Schottentor station . Since October 7, 1989, the U6 underground line has replaced the Gürtelstadtbahn; For technical reasons, it kept the overhead line taken over from the Vienna Electric Light Rail, in contrast to the other Vienna underground lines .

Course and traffic

Alser Straße underground station at the Gürtel

The street does not begin on the city center side as an extension of Universitätsstrasse , as one might assume, at the corner of Landesgerichtsstrasse (border between 1st and 8th district) or Garnisongasse, but only after Frankhplatz , which in reality is not recognizable as a separate traffic area ; this can only be determined on the electronic city map of the Vienna city administration, which also shows all house numbers when enlarged. From there it runs westwards and forms the border between the districts of Josefstadt (8th), south side of the road, and Alsergrund (9th district), north side of the road , as far as the inner Hernalser Gürtel , where it ends . (The border mostly runs exactly in the middle of the street.)

The orientation numbers were regularly assigned, starting from the city center, on the left, southern side of the street with odd numbers, and on the right, northern side of the street with even numbers. The building with house numbers 1, 3 and 5 is the western part of the northern narrow side of the Gray House , a regional court with a prison (the eastern part of this narrow side has the theoretical address Frankhplatz 1). No. 2 and 4 to the west of Otto-Wagner-Platz is the old AKH , a university campus since 1998 .

Immediately to the west of the Old General Hospital, the 8th, Lange Gasse / 9th, Spitalgasse crosses Alser Straße, tram lines 5 and 33.

It is characteristic of the street that in its western half two streets branch off to the west at an acute angle, resulting in small square-like extensions of the street. To the south-west, Skodagasse (named after the pathologist Josef von Škoda ) branches off into the 8th district (northern terminus of bus line 13A), 250 meters further at no. 36 west-northwest, like a fork, the Kinderspitalgasse in the 9th district. District. Individual traffic is directed into this as a one-way out of town; From here, Alser Strasse is a one-way west towards the city center.

The highest house numbers, at the corner of the Gürtel, bear the houses No. 71 (8th district) and No. 56 (9th district). On the Gürtel, one of the busiest streets in Austria, is one block north of the confluence of Alser Straße between Kinderspitalgasse and Lazarettgasse, or between the inner and outer belt, the Alser Straße underground station of the U6, which is an elevated train here. To the west of the belt, the street in Ottakringer Straße continues out of town.

The tram line 44 travels the full length of Alser Straße, the line 43 branches off, leading to the underground station, into the Kinderspitalgasse and the Lazarettgasse.

The importance of Alser Strasse as a shopping street and (with the side streets) the location of numerous restaurants results from its proximity to the General Hospital, whose new building was built around 400 meters north of the street, and to the university campus. Both facilities are visited by many thousands of people every day to work, study or for medical purposes. This means that the street receives frequency and sales not only from the neighboring residential areas of the 8th and 9th district.

Interesting addresses

(Even house numbers in the 9th district, odd numbers in the 8th district.)

  • Without a number: Where Otto-Wagner-Platz extends today with Ostarrichi-Park , on the northern edge of which the headquarters of the Austrian National Bank was built until 1918 , the Alser stood directly on Alser Straße (then No. 2) from 1753–1912 Barracks of the Austro-Hungarian Army . Before the barracks were built, the landscape academy of the Lower Austrian estates was located here from 1689–1749 (see section history).
  • No. 2 and 4 (previously only No. 4) : The old AKH, whose predecessor institution, like the Alserkirche opposite, was built in the 1690s and in which AKH clinics were still operated until the early 1990s, has been more accessible to the public since 1998 University campus with a few restaurants. The very large 1st courtyard is followed by the 2nd courtyard to the north; Here there is a Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) placed under protection as Vienna Natural Monument No. 762 . In the 6th courtyard is the former small synagogue in the old AKH Vienna , designed by Max Fleischer in 1903 and reopened as a memorial in 2005 , a little further north is the Narrenturm , which today houses the pathological-anatomical collection of the Natural History Museum.
  • No. 24 (corner of Pelikangasse) : In 1805 Georg Ueberreuter set up a printing press in the previous building with the address “Zum Pelikan”. The Carl Ueberreuter publishing house is still located here today .
  • No. 25: In 1856 the doctor Johann von Oppolzer , whose son Theodor Oppolzer set up a private observatory here, bought the predecessor of today's house, built in 1910/1911 , from the writer Caroline Pichler . According to Achleitner , the baroque portal of the old building was installed in the courtyard of the new building.
  • No. 26: Memorial plaque for Gabriele Possanner . In 1897, after much effort, she was the first woman in Austria who was able to do a doctorate in medicine and work as a doctor, and lived and practiced here from 1907 onwards. The house was destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944.
  • No. 30: Ludwig van Beethoven lived for some time in the house that stood here at the time . He changed his place of residence very often; Numerous addresses are known of him in and around Vienna.
  • No. 32: Viktor Frankl , well-known specialist in neurology and psychiatry and author, had his ordination in apartment No. 12.
  • No. 35: The front building of a shoe shop at the junction of Skodagasse was designed in 1979/1980 like its interior by Günther Domenig .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Section 1, § 2, RGBl. No. 170/1849 (= p. 203 ff.)
  2. ↑ LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 33/1849 (= p. 48)
  3. ↑ LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 21/1850 (= p. 94 f.)
  4. ↑ LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 1/1905 (= p. 1 ff.)
  5. ↑ LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 104/1905 (= p. 87 f.)
  6. ↑ Electronic city map on the Vienna city administration website
  7. ^ Illustration (barracks in the picture on the right) in Elfriede Maria Faber: Bezirksmuseum Josefstadt (= Wiener Geschichtsblätter , supplement 4/2001), published by the Association for the History of the City of Vienna, Vienna 2001, p. 17
  8. ↑ http://www.wien.gv.at/umweltschutz/naturschutz/pdf/ndmal-9.pdf
  9. ↑ Thomas Mally, Robert Schediwy: Wiener Spurensuche. Telling places that have disappeared , Lit-Verlag, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-8633-2 , p. 143 f.
  10. ^ Elfriede Maria Faber: Bezirksmuseum Josefstadt (= Wiener Geschichtsblätter , supplement 4/2001), published by the Association for the History of the City of Vienna, Vienna 2001, p. 25
  11. ↑ http://www.wien.gv.at/umweltschutz/naturschutz/pdf/ndmal-8.pdf