Lower Austrian state insane asylum on Brünnlfeld
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The Lower Austrian Provincial Insane Asylum at Brünnlfeld (or Bründlfeld) in Vienna - Alsergrund was the first “real” sanatorium for the mentally ill in Vienna. It replaced the "madhouse" in the general hospital .
history
The "Tollhaus" (the Narrenturm , also called "Guglhupf" in Viennese vernacular), which was attached to the old AKH and built under Emperor Joseph II , brought the first recognition of "insanity" as a disease. But it was only with the Lower Austrian State Insane Asylum on Brünnlfeld that the targeted treatment of the mentally ill began.
The need to treat the mentally ill and not only to lock them away from criminals but still lock them up was recognized early on. In 1820, Prince Schwarzenberg acquired the Brünnlfeld - an area between the old AKH and the Linienwall - and a garden in order to build a modern institution that complied with scientific principles. However, implementation was delayed a little.
Projects
1805 at the former was Brünnlfelde . From the group consisting of arable reasons property Brünnlbad No. 27 (later Alserbachstraße 27; today Lazarettgasse 16) separated a partial area in 1821 to Prince Joseph Schwarzenberg came (1769-1833) and the contract of 14 February It was bought by the state in 1823 to build an insane asylum (basic complex : 33 yoke 1152 square fathoms ; 10.23 hectares ).
A surviving project by Cajetan Josef Schiefer (born March 12, 1791 in Komotau , Bohemia; † November 12, 1864 probably in Vienna) dated November 28, 1823, was created in collaboration with the doctor Johann Nepomuk von Raimann . As early as 1820, the government had commissioned him to study foreign madhouses, so that the design at the time was up to date.
Not only decent quarters were planned for the sick, but also therapeutic facilities. A conversation room for theater and music performances was planned. The inner courtyard was enclosed by four wings, which on the one hand served the separate accommodation of male and female patients as well as the separation of "raging" and "calm" patients.
Despite the approval of the building project by the emperor, it could not be realized due to lack of funds.
Later projects were designed by Doctor Köstler, then the chief doctor in the Narrenturm. But he could not finish his plan because he died earlier.
His successor, Doctor Biszanik, took different approaches to solving the problem than his predecessor. He negotiated with Bruno Görgen about the purchase of the private insane asylum in Görgen. However, the negotiations were unsuccessful.
In 1840 the kk state building directorate took action and for its part made plans for the long overdue construction of a new building. Further plans came from the court building officer Paul Wilhelm Eduard Sprenger and from Ferdinand Fellner , whose designs were accepted by a commission. He was also charged with drawing up the detailed plans.
realization
Due to the lack of space in the Tollhaus, after the approval of Fellner's plans by Emperor Ferdinand I , construction finally began in spring 1848 (Am Alserbach 26; today: Lazarettgasse 14). After completion in October 1852, from August 1, 1853 at the KK insane asylum , later: Lower Austrian state insane asylum on Brünnlfeld , sick people were admitted. In 1878 the institution was expanded.
On February 17, 1864, the administration of the insane fund and thus also the state insane asylum was transferred from the state to the state of Lower Austria , which made it easier to carry out reforms.
Under Education Minister Karl von Stremayr on July 1, 1870, the establishment of the First Psychiatric University Clinic was approved by a very high resolution. The first director of the clinic was Theodor Meynert , for whom Carl von Rokitansky first created a prosector position and later the psychiatric university clinic.
In the course of the construction of the Viennese steam light railway , a freight station with an attached market hall was built in Michelbeuern in the 1890s . The Lower Austrian Provincial Medical Council objected that the noise of the railroad should not disturb the peace of the sick. Ultimately, this objection could not prevent construction, but the plan was redesigned so that the municipality of Vienna could create a road between the garden of the insane asylum and the train station, the later inner Währinger belt .
After the establishment of the Am Steinhof Psychiatric Hospital between 1903 and 1907, the Lower Austrian State Insane Asylum was closed at Brünnlfeld. The “New Clinics” of the General Hospital were built in their place, and the cancer research hospital planned by Otto Wagner was also planned here . However, the First World War and the subsequent collapse of the Danube monarchy prevented the realization. Today the new AKH stands on the property.
Directors
- 1853–1869: Josef Gottfried von Riedel
- 1869–1872: Karl Spurzheim
- 1872–1885: Ludwig Schlager
- 1885–1895: Moritz Gauster
- 1895–1907: Adalbert Tilkowsky
- provisional until the move: Josef Berze
Prominent doctors
Julius Wagner-Jauregg received psychiatric training from Maximilian Leidesdorf at the 1st Psychiatric University Clinic from 1883 .
After director Ludwig hit was in 1886 in Vienna- Alsergrund (9th district) hit alley named.
See also
literature
- Renata Kassal-Mikula, Christian Benedik: The Unbuilt Vienna. 1800-2000. Projects for the metropolis . Catalog. Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1999, OBV .
- Karl Heinz Tragl: Chronicle of the Vienna hospitals . Böhlau, Vienna (among others) 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77595-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Hofbauer: The Alservorstadt with the original possessions of the Benedictine Abbey Michelbeuern on the wild stream Als. Historical-topographical sketches to describe the old suburbs of Vienna . Sommer, Vienna 1861, p. 166 f. - Full text online .
- ↑ http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=136526
- ↑ http://www.aerztewoche.at/viewArticleDetails.do?articleId=3232 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Alfred Horn: Wiener Stadtbahn - 90 years Stadtbahn - 10 years U-Bahn, Bohmann Druck und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Vienna
- ↑ Chief Engineer Rudolf Numbers: Addendum to the essay “The public transport routes in Vienna”. In: W. Hostmann (Hrsg.), Fr. Giesecke (Hrsg.), Richard Koch (Hrsg.): Journal for the entire local and tramway system. XII. Vintage. Published by JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1892, pp. 159–167.
- ↑ http://www.clinicum.at/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4171&dsmid=83316&dspaid=660161
