Heřmanice (Ostrava)

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Heřmanice
Heřmanice coat of arms
Heřmanice (Ostrava) (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Ostrava-město
Municipality : Ostrava
Area : 709 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 52 '  N , 18 ° 20'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '37 "  N , 18 ° 19' 52"  E
Residents : 2,583 (2011)
Postal code : 713 00
License plate : T
traffic
Next international airport : Ostrava Airport

Heřmanice ( German Herzmanitz , Herschmanitz ; Polish Herzmanice , Hermanice ) is a district in the Slezská Ostrava district of the city of Ostrava in the Czech Republic . It is located 3.5 km northeast of the center of Ostrava.

Church of St. Markus

history

The place in the Duchy of Teschen , founded in 1290, was first mentioned in a document around 1305 in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (Tithe Register of the Diocese of Wroclaw ) among around seventy new villages as "Item in Hermanni villa" . The number of hooves was not yet specified in the tithing register. Most likely the founder was the castellan Herman , who was listed under the witnesses as Hermanno dicto Speher, castellano Ostraviensi in the border treaty with the diocese of Olomouc in 1297 and who protected the border of the duchy on the Ostravice from the castle in Polish Ostrava . The form Herman (later in the area also a surname widespread in Teschen Silesia) from the German personal name Hermann differed from the older adaptation Herimann ≥ Jerzman (only once in 1450 it was mentioned as Girzmanicze , compare e.g. with place names Jerzmanowice ) .

The Roman Catholic parish in Hermansdorff (the German name was never used later) was mentioned for the first time in 1447 under 51 parishes of the deanery of Teschen and the tax amount of St. Peter's penny allows the number of people in all parish villages to be counted at 150.

In 1447 Hermanycze belonged to Duke Boleslaus II. In 1491 Casimir II sold the village to Piotr Osinski of Žitna. From 1520 it belonged to the Polish Ostrau estates, and from 1630 it was gradually bought by the Wilczek von Dobra Zemica family , who owned it until 1848.

In 1652, was the daughter church in Hermanitz according to the report of the Episcopal Visitation from Wroclaw owned by the Lutheran, but in a good state. After the death of Duchess Elisabeth Lucretia 1653 went Teschen family branch of the Silesian Piasts and the Duchy fell as a completed fief to the Crown of Bohemia, which had owned the House of Habsburg since 1526 . The Habsburgs initiated the re-Catholicization of the subjects. In 1654 a Habsburg special commission returned 49 churches and one chapel to the Catholics, but not the branch church in Heřmanice. In 1679 the wooden church belonged to the Roman Catholic and Moravian-speaking parish in Polish Ostrava. The Moravian language (concio Moravica) was also used to preach in Herzmanice.

After the First Silesian War (1742), the place belonged to Austrian Silesia . In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Herzmanitz was a village under the rule of Polish-Ostrava of Count Joseph Wlczek in the Teschner district and had 45 houses with 384 inhabitants in the Silesian-Moravian dialect . After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a community in the Friedek district , from 1868 in the newly founded Freistadt district . Hruschau was spun off from the municipality in 1866 and Muglinau in 1890.

From the middle of the 19th century, the local residents worked more and more in the rapidly developing industry in the neighboring villages. No mines were opened in Hermanitz itself, but in 1884 the company became Dynamit-Nobel , which produced dynamite for the coal mines . (The factory accidentally blew up on March 19, 1924).

The number of inhabitants rose to 842 by 1869, then to 1025 by 1880 (933 with registration) and by 1910 already 3727 (3608). A new brick church was built between 1868 and 1870, later the seat of a new parish in the Karvin Deanery. In 1880 the Czech-speaking residents were in an absolute majority (873, 93.6%), by 1900 their number had fallen to 71.1%, because in the 1870s and 1880s a large influx of people into the Ostrau-Karwiner coal and industrial area began , mainly cheap workers from Galicia . The Poles called the place Herzmanice, but also Hermanice (like Hermanice near Ustroń ) and in 1880 made up 4.3% (40 people) of the local residents, but their number continued to increase by 10.9% in 1890 to 28.2 % in 1900. In the early 20th century, a national conflict flared up between Poles and Czechs. The Czech activists sought to stop the trend of decline in the Czech population. On January 1, 1904, 7 traditional Czech-speaking municipalities in the Oderberg judicial district in the Freistadt district were separated to create the new Polish Ostrava judicial district in the Friedek district. In 1910 the municipality had an area of ​​689 hectares, 230 buildings with 3727 inhabitants, 3608 of them with a registration - only these were asked for their colloquial language: 2800 (77.6%) were Czech, 776 (21.5%) Polish and 32 (0.9%) German-speaking; 3,600 (96.6% of the total village population) were Roman Catholics, 105 (2.8%) Protestants and 21 (0.6%) Jews.

After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the area of ​​Cieszyn Silesia was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Heřmanice, like the entire Friedek district , should belong to Czechoslovakia. On the Czech side, also behind the Ostrawitza in Moravia, there remained tens of thousands of Poles, mostly Galician immigrants, over 20% of the population of the Polish judicial district of Ostrava. Unlike the altansässigen Wasserpolaken from the area of Cieszyn Silesian dialect they were still illiterate for the most part and in comparison to the enlightened Poland in accordance with the Czechoslovak Polish border war arose region Olsagebiet they tschechisierten relatively quickly (in the census in 1921 already only 877 or 1.9% data of Polish nationality in the whole judicial district). A trace of them are the numerous surnames in the Polish spelling.

After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the Poles also revised the Polish-Czechoslovak border and the Olsa area was connected, as well as an unpopulated and wedged part of the municipality of Heřmanice in the north between Wierzbica and Rychvald in order to simplify the course of the border . The rest of the community was in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in March 1939 . The parish became one of the 17 parishes of the Archdiocese of Wroclaw in the Protectorate.

In contrast to other neighboring villages, the incorporation of Heřmanice into Moravian Ostrava and Silesian Ostrava was not considered in the interwar period. However, it was incorporated into Ostrau on July 1, 1941 during the German occupation. The Red Army took the place on May 1, 1945.

Local division

The district Heřmanice consists of the basic settlement units Heřmanice, Heřmanice-Koněvova, Heřmanický rybník, Ida, U Velkého Dvora and Vrbická.

The district forms a cadastral district.

Attractions

  • Church of St. Markus

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Heřmanice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katastrální území Heřmanice: podrobné informace , uir.cz
  2. ^ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 297-299 (Polish).
  3. ^ Wilhelm Schulte: Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis . Breslau 1889, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 110-112 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ( la ) Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  5. ↑ Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 79 (Polish).
  6. ^ Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti . In: H. Markgraf (Ed.): Journal of the Association for History and Antiquity of Silesia . 27, Breslau, 1893, pp. 361-372. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  7. ^ I. Panic, 2010, p. 321
  8. ^ Joseph Jungnitz (Red.): Publications from the Prince Bishop's Diocesan Archives in Breslau. Vol 2. Visit reports of the Diocese of Wroclaw. Archdeaconate Opole , Breslau, 1904, p. 237.
  9. ^ Jan Broda: Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski “Didache”, Katowice 1992, ISBN 83-8557200-7 , Materiały do ​​dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI and XVII wieku, p. 259-260 (Polish).
  10. ↑ Józef Londzin : kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Cieszyn: Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra, 1932, p. 87. OCLC 297540848.
  11. ↑ J. Jungnitz (Red.), 1904, p. 565.
  12. ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 215 ( e-copy )
  13. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 288 (Polish, online ).
  14. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.
  15. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
  16. ↑ Část obce Heřmanice Ostrava: podrobné informace , uir.cz