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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Oleski | ||
| Gmina : | Dobrodzień | ||
| Area : | 19.46 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 44 ' N , 18 ° 27' E | ||
| Residents : | 3754 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 46-380 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 34 | ||
| License plate : | OOL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Opole - Częstochowa | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Residents: | |||
| administration | |||
| Website : | www.dobrodzien.pl | ||
Dobrodzień [ dɔˈbrɔʥɛɲ ] ( German Guttentag , formerly also Gutentag ) is a small town in the powiat Oleski in the Polish Voivodeship Opole and capital of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 10,000 inhabitants, which has been officially bilingual since 2009 (Polish and German) .
geography
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The city is located in the Upper Silesia region at 253 m above sea level. NHN , about 15 kilometers south of Olesno ( Rosenberg OS ) and 35 kilometers east of Opole .
history
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The history of the place began around 1163, when the area was proven to be part of the Duchy of Opole . The first written mention as Dobrosin comes from the year 1279. For 1300 the name form Dobradin is handed down. After the Piast ducal line died out in 1327, the entire Opole region and the city of Guttentag came to Bohemia through inheritance rights . The city charter was Dobradin 1384 by Magdeburg Law . The city's coat of arms also dates from this period, and its main features are still there today. With Bohemia, the city passed to Habsburg in 1526 . In 1574 the place was mentioned as Dobrodzin and in 1636 Guttentag appeared.
After the final decision in the Silesian Wars, to the detriment of the Habsburgs in 1742, Guttentag was assigned to Prussia and in 1816 to the Lublinitz district in the Silesian administrative district of Opole and, in addition to the city of Lublinitz, also served as a garrison for the Prussian army. On Whit Monday in 1846, a devastating fire raged in Guttentag, which destroyed numerous buildings. The parish church also fell victim to the flames. At the beginning of the 20th century, Guttentag had a Protestant church, two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a forest ranger's office and was the seat of a local court .
The connection to the rail network took place in 1913 with the newly created small railway line to the Vossowska railway junction. The steam locomotive, which was used as a train carriage until the 1950s, was popularly called "Dobrodzieńska Koza" (Polish: "Guttentager goat"). The name was given by the loud "snorting" of the kettle, which was slightly undersized for steep slopes. In the referendum in Upper Silesia in 1921 on further state membership, 1664 votes (79.5%) were cast in Guttentag for remaining with Germany and 430 votes (20.5%) for joining Poland. Even if the entire constituency of Lublinitz had voted for Germany with a narrow majority, most of them went to Poland; Guttentag, on the other hand, remained German and then became the capital of a new Guttentag district. As part of this reorganization, the place Mischline was incorporated into the new district.
In 1939, the area around the town was the deployment area for German troops under General Reichenbach for the attack on Poland . The end of the Second World War began for Guttentag on January 21, when the Red Army bombarded the city for several hours and then occupied it. By resolution of the Soviet command, the place with its barely 1050 remaining inhabitants was placed under Polish administration on April 15, 1945 according to the Potsdam Agreement . The city of Guttentag was renamed Dobrodzień . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. Most of the German local townspeople were subsequently evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .
A year later, 3,277 people were living in the city again. The rebuilt school opened on October 12, 1947. With the entry into force of the Two-Plus-Four Treaty in 1991, the Polish administration of the place ended, and the place remained with Poland, subject to a future peace settlement. The agreement was preceded by the Görlitz Agreement or the Warsaw and Moscow Treaties.
Especially in the rural parts of the municipality, a strong German minority was able to survive. According to the last Polish census of 2002, 25.3% of the municipality's population belonged to this, and a further 6.4% described themselves as "Silesians". On July 4, 2008, additional official German place names were introduced in the municipality, and German as the second official language on May 13, 2009. On November 9, 2009, bilingual place-name signs were set up in Dobrodzień and in 24 other districts.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1756 | 661 | all Christians |
| 1781 | 938 | including 878 Christians, 60 Jews |
| 1782 | 1008 | thereof 883 Christians, 125 Jews |
| 1816 | 1264 | without castle and manor district Guttentag (97 inhabitants) |
| 1825 | 1759 | including 59 Evangelicals, 182 Jews |
| 1840 | 2262 | 118 Protestants, 1902 Catholics, 24 Jews |
| 1855 | 2121 | Without castle and manor district Guttentag with 173 inhabitants |
| 1861 | 2399 | of which 184 Evangelicals, 1935 Catholics, 280 Jews (excluding the Guttentag Palace and Gutsviertel with 183 inhabitants, including 22 Evangelicals, 155 Catholics, six Jews) |
| 1867 | 2393 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 2345 | 150 evangelicals, 260 Jews (1350 Poles ), excluding Guttentag castle and manor district with 560 inhabitants, according to other data, 2347 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 122 evangelicals, 1991 Catholics, 234 Jews |
| 1890 | 2426 | including 189 Evangelicals, 175 Jews (1350 Poles ) |
| 1900 | 2660 | mostly Catholics |
| 1905 | 2884 | |
| 1910 | 3047 | According to other information, 3047 inhabitants (excluding Guttentag castle and manor district with 139 inhabitants) |
| 1939 | 4307 |
Attractions
- St. Magdalena Church, built 1851–1854
- Schrotholzkirche St. Valentin, built in 1630
- Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, built 1847–1851
- Ring with a neoclassical town hall
- Neoclassical Guttentag Castle, built in 1848
- Jewish Cemetery
- Stone bridge, built in 1610
- city Park
Dobrodzień Municipality
Dobrodzień is the capital of the town-and-country municipality of the same name , which is home to around 10,000 inhabitants on an area of 162.84 km².
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows a white rose on a red background in the left column. In the right column there is half a golden Upper Silesian eagle on a blue background.
Partnerships
- Haan (Germany) since 1957 as sponsorship, since May 1, 2004 as official partnership.
- Chortkiv (Ukraine)
traffic
The regional roads 46 and 901 run through the city .
Dobrodzień was the terminus of the Fosowskie – Dobrodzień railway line . The Pluder / Pludry ( Kielce – Fosowskie railway ) and Mischline / Myślina ( Kędzierzyn – Koźle – Kluczbork railway ) stations are also in the municipality , but both are no longer served.
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich von Bünau , Prussian major general
- Ludwig Gitzler (1811–1888), member of the Reichstag and professor of law in Breslau
- Oskar Cohn (1869–1934), politician (SPD, USPD)
- Siegfried Loewenthal (1869–1951), neurologist and co-founder of medical radiation therapy
- Victor Lukassowitz , (1879– after 1932), teacher and politician (DNVP)
- Reinhold Stanitzek (1939–2011), lawyer and politician (CDU)
- Peter Kudella (1941-2010), politician (CDU)
- Bernard Gaida (* 1958), entrepreneur and politician of the German minority in Poland
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 443-446 .
- Augustin Weltzel : History of the city and Guttentag rule. Ratibor 1882.
Web links
- City of Guttentag - Territorial (Rolf Jehke, 2014)
- Official website of the municipality (Polish)
- Website about the city (Polish and German)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, G – Ko , Halle 1821, p. 108, numbers 3896 and 3897 .
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 553 .
- ↑ See results of the referendum ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ); Retrieved October 14, 2009
- ↑ See the figures from the 2002 census ( Memento of March 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ); Retrieved April 4, 2008
- ↑ a b c Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 33-34 .
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 937 .
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 833 .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 427, paragraphs 67 and 68 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 318–319, item 1 .
- ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 172 .
- ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ^ City of Guttentag - Territorial (Rolf Jehke, 2014)
- ↑ Guttentag Castle