Kędzierzyn

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Kędzierzyn
Coat of arms of Kędzierzyn
Kędzierzyn (Poland)
Kędzierzyn
Kędzierzyn
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
District of: Kędzierzyn-Koźle
Geographic location : 50 ° 21 '  N , 18 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 20 '45 "  N , 18 ° 12' 49"  E
Residents : 45,790 (2005)
Postal code : 47-200
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OK
Economy and Transport
Street : Głuchołazy - Pyskowice
Rail route : Gliwice-Nysa ;
Kędzierzyn-Koźle – Racibórz ;
Kędzierzyn-Koźle-Opole
Next international airport : Katowice



Aleja Jana Pawła II in Kędzierzyn
Parish Church of St. Nicholas

Kędzierzyn [ ˈkεɲʣεʒɨn ] (German Kandrzin , until 1929 Kandrzin-Pogorzelletz , 1934–1945 Heydebreck OS ) is a district of the city of Kędzierzyn-Koźle ( Powiat Kędzierzyńsko-Kozielski ) in the Opole Voivodeship , Poland . The previously independent industrial town merged in 1975 with other industrial towns on the right bank of the Oder and the Klodnitz and the historic town of Koźle ( Cosel ) on the left of the Oder to form a town of Kędzierzyn-Koźle.

Kędzierzyn lies on the left bank of the Klodnitz, 5 km before it flows into the Oder.

history

The village of Kandrzin was first mentioned in 1283. In the 19th century the place developed into an industrial center. With the completion of the Klodnitz Canal in 1812, the second and third locks of the canal became the transshipment point for timber rafting from the huge forest areas, which extends over almost the entire terrain to the right of the Oder and left of the Klodnitz between Cosel , Gleiwitz , Rybnik and Ratibor extended, both to the need of the Upper Silesian hard coal and ore mines for pit wood as well as the shipment on the Oder .

With the construction of the Upper Silesian Railway ( Breslau – Gliwice– Myslowitz , 1842–1847) and the Wilhelmsbahn from Kandrzin to Ratibor, which was connected to the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn to Vienna in 1848 , the station, initially named after the neighboring town of Kosel, became Kandrzin one of the most important railway junctions in Europe; Initially the only, and for a long time the shortest, connection from Berlin to Vienna ran through here, until 1851 the only one from Dresden to Vienna, until 1856 the only one from Warsaw to Vienna and until 1862 the only one from Berlin to Warsaw.

Over time, several branch lines were added to the long-distance lines, such as the connection of the Klodnitz Canal Harbor in 1861, the lines from Kandrzin to Neustadt OS and Neisse in 1876 , in 1898 (according to other sources 1908) to Bauerwitz and in 1938 to Groß Strehlitz and Kreuzburg OS . In the years 1913–1916 the Kandrzin train station was rebuilt with the addition of a marshalling yard , which has now largely been disused , creating a large railway settlement .

During the Third Polish Uprising, organized by Wojciech Korfanty , following the referendum on whether Upper Silesia should remain a member of the state on March 20, 1921, Kandrzin, 12 km south of St. Annaberg , was the scene of heavy fighting between German Freikorps and Polish insurgents. In the referendum itself in Kandrzin-Pogorzelletz in 1974 people voted to remain with Germany and 393 to join Poland. Kandrzin-Pogorzelletz remained with the German Empire.

From 1929, the place, which had meanwhile merged with the neighboring village of Pogorzelletz to form a municipality of Kandrzin-Pogorzelletz , was only known as Kandrzin .

From 1933 onwards, the new National Socialist rulers carried out large-scale renaming of place names of Slavic origin. On March 16, 1934, the community was renamed Heydebreck OS ; It was named after the Freikorpsführer and later NSDAP member and founder of the Upper Silesian SA Peter von Heydebreck . He had been successful in the fighting for St. Annaberg of 1921 and had recaptured Kandrzin from Polish insurgents . Heydebreck was arrested and shot on June 30, 1934 as part of the so-called Röhm Putsch ; however, the community carried his name until 1945.

During the time of National Socialism , IG Farbenindustrie AG began building several large chemical plants in 1939, the first of which began operations in 1944 and employed 14,000 workers and numerous prisoners of war. The chemical works in Heydebreck OS were no longer completed; serious damage was caused by air raids in the year that production started.

After 1945 the village was named Kędzierzyn. The factories were completely dismantled and the facilities were moved to the Soviet Union . The chemical industry was rebuilt from 1948 onwards, with 11,600 workers and employees working in the Kędzierzyn nitrogen combine in 1960, and 9,000 in 1967. Between 1964 and 1970 the plant, which is the largest producer of nitrogen fertilizers in Poland, was directly connected to the Gliwice Canal by a 7 km long canal .

The industrial community of Kędzierzyn had town charter since 1951. The coat of arms indicated the importance of the chemical industry with the depiction of a piston . Kędzierzyn is the seat of a branch of the Gliwice Polytechnic.

Population numbers

1783: 166 inhabitants
1825: 366
1885: 1,225
1905: 3,047
1939: 6,331
1961: 21,747 (expansion of the area to 37.34 km²)
1970: 34,200

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See results of the referendum . on October 25, 2009
  2. ↑ Peter von Heydebreck: We Wehr-Wolfe . Koehler / Leipzig 1931