District of Wohlau

The district of Wohlau within the boundaries from 1818 to 1932

The district of Wohlau was a Prussian district in Silesia . It existed from 1742 to 1945. The name giver and seat of the district administration was the small town of Wohlau . In 1957, the city ​​of Hilden in North Rhine-Westphalia took over the sponsorship of the district, the former area of ​​which is now in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Wohlau , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Prussian districts of Steinau-Raudten and Wohlau were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Raudten, Steinau and Wohlau . Georg Ernst von Tschammer was appointed as the first district administrator in the Wohlau district. The Wohlau district was initially subject to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber and was assigned to the Breslau administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Breslau, there were extensive changes to the borders with the neighboring districts. The following were incorporated into the Wohlau district:

• the town of Auras , the market town of Dyhernfurth and the villages of Althof, Cranz, Hauffen, Heinzendorf, Jäckel, Liebenau, Pathendorf, Racke, Reichwald , Riemberg, Schönborn, Seiffersdorf, Sorge, Sürchen, Thannwald, Thiergarten, Vogtswalde and Wahren from the Breslau district
• the villages of Alt Herdau, Idsdorf, Neu Heydau, Neu Vorwerk, Rauschen, Schleswig Vorwerk, Schmögerle and Wischütz from the Guhrau district
• the villages Alexanderwitz, Exau, Groß Strenz, Klein Strenz and Leubel from the Militsch district as well
• the villages of Grottke, Lahserwitz, Pawelschöne, Peruschen, Pruskawe, Schilkwitz, Schlanowitz, Sigda, Striese and Wersingawe from the Trebnitz district .

The district of Wohlau in turn gave the town of Herrnstadt and the villages of Austen, Bartschdorf, Bobiele, Brenowitz, Bronau, Buschen, Corangelwitz, Duchen, Geischen, Gewehrsewitz, Globitschen, Gohle, Gorkau, Groß Räudchen, Groß Saul, Groß Wiersewitz, Heidchen, Herrndorf, Herrnlauersitz, Hochbeltsch, Irrsingen, Kaltvorwerg, Klein Beltsch, Kleinlauersitz, Klein Saul, Klein Räudchen, Klein Wiersewitz, Königsbruch, Königsdorf, Lübchen, Oderbeltsch, Porlewitz, Rützen Stadt, Saborwitz, Sackern, Sandeborske, Sandewalde, Schätz, Schlaupe, Schubersee, Schwinaren , Sophienthal, Stadtherrnstadt, Stadtvorwerk, Triebusch, Tscheschenheyde, Tscheschkowitz, Tschistey, Waldvorwerk, Wendstadt, Wikoline, Wilhelmsbruch, Woidnig, Zechen and Zuchten to the district of Guhrau.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .

Free State of Prussia / German Empire

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1932, most of the disbanded Steinau district was incorporated into the Wohlau district. At the same time, the district of Wohlau gave the rural communities of Akreschfronze, Alt Neu Heidau, Dahsau, Gimmel, Groß Tschuder, Hengwitz, Hünern, Kadlewe, Kamin, Klein Peterwitz, Klein Tschuder, Kutscheborwitz, Lendschütz, Leubel, Neuvorwerk, Osselwitz, Ostrawe, Peiskern, Pluskau, Schmögerle, Tscheschen, Tschilesen and Wehlefronze to the district of Guhrau .

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the district of Wohlau was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	35,251
1819	36,156
1846	47,769
1874	48,986
1885	47,999
1900	42,568
1910	43,985
1925	46,639
1939	64,340

District administrators

• 1742–1762 00Georg Ernst von Tschammer
• 1762–1766 00Friedrich Heinrich von Bibran-Modlau
• 1766–1773 00Ernst Sigismund von Uechtritz
• 1775–1780 00Hans Heinrich von Unruh
• 1782–1806 00Johann George Friedrich von Scheliha
• 1806–1811 00Hans Ernst von Niebelschütz
• 1811–1830 00Maximilian Sebastian Leopold von Johnston
• 1850 0000000Kober
• 1850– 000000Hans Ernst Leopold von Niebelschütz
• 1853 0000000von Hochberg ( representative )
• 1870–1899 00Paul Adolph von Wrochem
• 1900–1915 00Kurt von Engelmann
• 1915-1919 00from Heimburg
• 1919–1932 Wilhelm Nülle (* 1885)00
• 1932–1937 Alfred Janetzki (1880–1977)00
• 1937–1943 Johannes Slawik (* 1892)00
• 1943–1945 Otto Braß (1880–1945)00

Local constitution

As has been the case in Prussia since the 19th century, the district of Wohlau was divided into cities , rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934 . With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the “ Führer principle ” was implemented on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level. A new district constitution was no longer created; it was still considered the district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony on 19 March 1881st

Communities

The district of Wohlau last comprised six cities and 137 rural communities:

Alexanderwitz Alt Wohlau Alteichenau Althof Arnsdorf Auras , city Bartsch-Kulm Berghain Bielwiese Birch grove Borsches Brödelwitz Brunnwiese Bushes Dahme Dammitsch Dike slip Thief Dittersbach Bombs Domnitz Dyhernfurth , city Eichdamm Exau Fichtendorf Föhrenwalde Friedrichshain Frogs Frog rye Sheaves Gleinau Grafenstein Large Large Ausker Big chalk Great Pantken

Gross Pogel Large Schmograu Great Sürchen Großendorf Guhren Gurkau Hartfelde Heidersdorf Heidevorwerk Heinzendorf Herrnmotschelnitz Hochbauschwitz Hohenau Ibsdorf Iseritztal Jakobsdorf Juertsch Kammelwitz Kirchlinden Small Ausker Klein Bauschwitz Small chalk Little Pantken Klein Pogel Small Schmograu Little Sürchen Kleschwitz Dab look Köben on the Oder , city wreath Krehlau Screeching Krischütz Krummwell Kulmikau Kunern

Kunzendorf Lahse Lahserwitz Lampersdorf Lehsewitz Leipnitz Leubus Liebenau Loßwitz Maibach Middle Nieder Dammer Mönchmotschelnitz Moon contactor Mühlgast Nutrient protection Neudorf b. Dyhernfurth Neudorf b. Steinau a./Oder Niederau Nesting Ölschen Pathendorf Paulshöhe Peruvians Polgsen Porschwitz Praukau Preichau Pronzendorf Quallwitz Radlitz Mudguard Ruffles Rathau Rayschen Reichwald Reudchen

Riemberg Röhrsborn Schanzberg Slack Beautiful oak Seifersdorf Seifrodau Siegda Simonshöh Stanschen Steinau an der Oder , city Stone valley Star gaze Steudelwitz Strien Striese Parlors Tannwald Tarxdorf Thauer Thielau Thiemendorf Thiergarten Ulmenau Urschkau True Waldheim Wandritsch Cheeks Whitish Wilhelmsthal Tiny , city Wischütz Wohlau , city Zechelwitz

Incorporation until 1928

• Bischofsau, to Stuben on December 23, 1901
• Brenowitz, before 1908 in Tschilesen
• Groß Strenz, in Glumbowitz on September 30, 1928
• Groß Wangern, on September 30, 1928 in Wangern
• Hammer, on September 30, 1928 in Krehlau
• Klein Strenz, in Glumbowitz on September 30, 1928
• Klein Wangern, on September 30, 1928 in Wangern
• Königlich Krehlau, on May 10, 1908 in Krehlau
• Leubus, Dorf, to Leubus on September 30, 1928
• Leubus, Städtel, on September 30, 1928 in Leubus
• Ober Nieder Krehlau, on May 10, 1908 in Krehlau
• Pakuswitz, before 1908 in Dittersbach
• Parish rye, too tiny on September 10, 1910
• Tiny, too tiny on September 10, 1910
• Purpose fronze, before 1908 to chimney

Place names

In 1937, several parishes in the Wohlau district were renamed:

Bautke → Eichdamm Belkawe → star gaze Beschine → Hartfelde Bschanz → Schanzberg Glumbowitz → Alteichenau Graeschine → Steintal Groß Baulwie → Ulmenau Groß Pogul → Groß Pogel Grottky → Berghain Kaschewen → Brunnwiese Klein Baulwie → Röhrsborn Klein Pogul → Klein Pogel

Mersine → Maibach Nisgawe → Niederau Norigawe → Fichtendorf Pavelschöwe ​​→ Paulshöhe Petranowitz → Iseritztal Piskorsine → Kirchlinden Prosgawe → Grafenstein Sagritz → birch grove Schilkowitz → Simonshöh Schlanowitz → Föhrenwalde Wersingawe → Hohenau

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 192-193, item 7.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 60–73 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

• Lucia Brauburger (author) and Hanns Tschira (illustrator): Farewell to Lübchen: Pictures of an escape from Silesia (hardcover)
• Life in the Wohlau district and life afterwards. Goldammer publishing house.
• Richard Juhnke: Wohlau. History of the principality and the district. Wuerzburg 1965.
• Walter Schmidt : The March Revolution in the Wohlau district. In: Wohlau-Steinauer Heimatblatt. 3/2008.
• Walter Schmidt: Wohlau 1848/49. A Silesian district town during the revolution. "Schlesischer Kreisbote", Wohlauer Political Association and Democratic Association of Guhrau. trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2017 (= Silesia. Silesia in the European reference field. Sources and research. Volume 17).
• Walter Schmidt: Memories of a German Historian. From Silesian Auras on the Oder via Vogtland Greiz and Thuringian Jena to Berlin. trafo Verlagsgruppe, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86465-112-0 .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Wohlau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Wohlau district administrative history and district council list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 27, 2013.
• genealogienetz.de: District Wohlau
• Description of the district of Wohlau from 1792
• Description of the Wohlau district from 1802

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
8. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform 1932, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Outline of the German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 87 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Silesia and their population. Edited and compiled by the Royal Statistical Bureau from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. In: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Hrsg.): The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. tape V , 1874, ZDB -ID 1467439-7 ( digitized version ).
14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources, edited by the Royal Statistical Bureau. In: Royal Statistical Bureau (Hrsg.): Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. tape VI , 1887, ZDB -ID 1046036-6 ( digitized version ).
15. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
16. ↑ ^{a b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Wohllau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).