Uraz (Oborniki Śląskie)
Uraz ( German Auras an der Oder, from 1818 to 1945 part of the Wohlau district ) is a village and a formerly independent town in the urban and rural municipality Oborniki Śląskie ( Obernigk ) in the powiat Trzebnicki ( Trebnitz district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland.
Geographical location
The village is located in Lower Silesia on the right bank of the Oder , about seven kilometers southwest of Oborniki Śląskie, 16 kilometers southwest of Trzebnica ( Trebnitz ) and 19 kilometers northwest of Wroclaw .
history
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The place can be traced back to Slavic times and is first mentioned as a village in 1203. A village church dedicated to the Archangel Michael is mentioned in 1218. From 1250 the castellans of the ducal castle of Auras are documented. 1312 Auras is called a city ( civitas ) and has had city rights ever since .
The city, which was shaped by agriculture and was overshadowed by Wroclaw in its development before 1400 , never gained greater importance. Except for the period from 1294 to 1314, during which it was affiliated to the Duchy of Glogau , Auras belonged to the Duchy of Breslau .
Protestant worship was introduced in Auras around 1525. In 1592 a fire destroyed the city except for a few houses.
At the beginning of the 20th century Auras had a Protestant and a Catholic church; the most important branch of business was shipbuilding. As the location of a shipyard and the residence of numerous ship owners, Auras was of particular importance for the Oderschifffahrt until 1945.
From the Prussian administrative reform of 1818 until the end of the Second World War , Auras belonged to the district of Wohlau in the administrative district of Breslau in the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire .
During the fighting towards the end of the war, the city suffered considerable damage. Around this time or shortly after the end of the war, the castle, of which the ruins are still there, burned down.
After the end of the war, Auras, like almost all of Silesia, was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 . In 1946 the Poles introduced the place name Uraz for auras . In the following period, the German population, some of which (including the Protestant pastors Oswald Feyerabend, Johannes Halm, Friedrich Wilhelm Müller and Martin Scholl) had participated in the resistance against National Socialism, was driven out of Auras by the local Polish administrative authority . After the end of the war, the city sank to economic insignificance; the town charter was revoked in 1945.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1787 | 625 | |
| 1825 | 729 | |
| 1885 | 1,526 | including village and manor Auras-Burglehn (1894: 718 inhabitants) |
| 1900 | 1,367 | |
| 1933 | 1,719 | |
| 1939 | 1,680 | |
| 1961 | 1,030 | |
| 2011 | 949 |
Attractions
- Ruins of Auras Castle ; The castle , originally designed as a moated castle, was one of the most peculiar castle buildings in Silesia due to its triangular shape .
- St. Michaels Church
Sons and daughters of the place
- Hans von Held (1764–1842), civil servant and writer
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 8.
- Walter Schmidt : Oswald Friedrich Feyerabend (1809–1872). Evangelical pastor in the Silesian Oder town of Auras / Wohlau district from 1840 to 1857. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015, pp. 265–294, here: pp. 269–287.
- Walter Schmidt: Wohlau 1848/49. A Silesian district town during the revolution. "Schlesischer Kreisbote", Wohlauer Political Association and Democratic Association of Guhrau. trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2017.
- Walter Schmidt: Memories of a German Historian. From Silesian Auras on the Oder via Vogtland Greiz and Thuringian Jena to Berlin. trafo Verlagsgruppe, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86465-112-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Auras adOder, Kr. Wohlau, District of Breslau, Silesia, now 55-120 Uraz, Polska .
- ↑ Walter Schmidt : The history of the evangelical church of Auras / Oder. In: Silesian history sheets. Volume 41, 2014, No. 3, pp. 77-96.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, p. 129.
- ^ Walter Schmidt: Johannes Halm (1893-1953). Resistance and persecution of the evangelical pastor from Auras / Oder in the period from 1933 to 1945. In: Specialized prose research - border crossing. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013 (2014), pp. 517-545, especially p. 545.
- ↑ Walter Schmidt: Resistance in Auras / Oder, Wohlau district 1933–1945. In: Cornelia Domaschke, Daniele Fuchs-Frotscher, Günter Wehner (eds.): Resistance and loss of home. German anti-fascists in Silesia. Berlin 2012, pp. 165–203.
- ↑ a b c Hugo Weczerka (ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 8.
- ^ Auras-Burglehn is a rural community that was merged with the city of Auras in 1922. See Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage , I. Main Department Rep. 77 Tit. 2962 No. 2: The employment of communal officials in the city of Auras, other personnel matters and the administration of communal affairs from August 10, 1841 to December 4, 1932 .
- ↑ a b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990.Wolau.html # ew39wohlauras. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).