Brzeg Dolny
| Brzeg Dolny | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Wołów | ||
| Area : | 17.20 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 16 ' N , 16 ° 43' E | ||
| Height : | 102-199 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 12,511 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 56-120 to 56-122 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 71 | ||
| License plate : | DWL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Wołów - Wroclaw | ||
| Rail route : | PKP line 273: Breslau-Stettin | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 13 school authorities | ||
| Surface: | 94.40 km² | ||
| Residents: | 16,155 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 171 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0222013 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Stanisław Jastrzębski | ||
| Address: | ul.Kolejowa 29 56-120 Brzeg Dolny |
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| Website : | www.brzegdolny.pl | ||
Brzeg Dolny [ ˈbʒɛk ˈdɔlnɨ ] ( German Dyhernfurth ) is a town in the district Powiat Wołowski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland.
geography
The city is located in Lower Silesia on the northern bank of the Oder , about 25 kilometers northwest of Wroclaw .
history
Brsega was first mentioned in documents in 1353. It belonged to the Duchy of Breslau , the Duke Heinrich VI. Already in 1327 had given as a fief to the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg . Economically rather insignificant, it had the privilege of a ferry across the Oder from the 15th century.
After the Jewish cemetery in Wroclaw had to be closed in 1345 , a new cemetery for the Wroclaw Jews was created in Brzeg and subsequently a large Jewish community .
In 1660 the Upper Chancellor of Silesia, Georg Abraham Freiherr von Dyhrn , acquired the manor and began to develop the town. In 1663 Brzeg was renamed Dyhernfurth . At the same time, Emperor Leopold I , in his capacity as King of Bohemia, granted Dyhernfurth city rights . In 1667 the landlord obtained the right to set up a printing press . Under his successor, Governor Julius Ferdinand Graf von Jaroschin, a Jewish printing company was founded in Dyhernfurth, which gained an important reputation.
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After the Silesian War in 1742, Dyhernfurth, like most of Silesia, fell to Prussia .
From 1770 the Dyhernfurth rule was owned by the family of the Silesian Provincial Minister Carl Georg Heinrich von Hoym , to whom the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Conferred the dignity of count in 1786. Between 1780 and 1785 he had a castle and various buildings built for the castle park according to plans by the architect Carl Gotthard Langhans .
With the Dyhernfurther Privileged Newspaper (1771–1772), the first Jewish newspaper in the Holy Roman Empire appeared here , using the Hebrew script for the German text .
After the reorganization of Prussia, the municipality of Dyhernfurth belonged to the district of Breslau from 1816 and to the district of Wohlau from 1818 , with which it remained connected until 1945.
In 1860 a small hospital was founded. With the connection to the rail network, an economic boom followed from 1875. The IG Farben and the Schickert-Werke Bad Lauterberg built in the 1930s in Dyhernfurth a production facility for chemical warfare agents such as tabun and sarin . In 1939 Dyhernfurth had residents in 2013. During the Second World War , the two subcamps Dyhernfurth I and II of the Groß Rosen concentration camp were established in the city.
The Red Army reached the place on January 26, 1945 . On February 5, the German combat group Sachsenheimer managed a counterattack. The castle burned out during the fighting and the chemical plant survived undamaged. In March 1945 the Red Army handed Dyhernfurth and almost all of Silesia over to the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This introduced the place name Brzeg Dolny for Dyhernfurth . The German population was expelled in 1945/46 . Subsequently, Brzeg Dolny was settled with Poland . Due to the decline in population, Brzeg Dolny lost its town charter.
In 1947 the chemical plant started production again. Under the name Rokita-Werk, it developed into one of the largest Polish chemical manufacturers. In 1954 Brzeg Dolny was regained its town charter, and in a 1959 census, around 9,000 people lived in the town. The castle was rebuilt, but its original shape was lost.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
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| 1900 | 1,389 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1933 | 1,761 | |
| 1939 | 2.013 |
local community
The town and country municipality of Brzeg Dolny includes, in addition to the township, another 13 districts with a Schulzenamt :
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Attractions
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- In 1281 , the Church of All Saints was built on the site of a church mentioned in 1261 in the former village of Wahren ( Warzyń ), which is now a suburb of Brzeg Dolny . Around 1580 it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. The main altar in neo-baroque style contains a painting of All Saints' Day. On the pillar of the west portal there is a penitential cross with a figure of Maria Immaculata.
- The Dyhernfurth Castle was 1780-1785 by the then landlord Carl Georg Heinrich Graf Hoym by the architect Carl Gotthard Langhans built and rebuilt in the 19th century by French architect. At the end of the war in 1945 it was largely destroyed, later partially rebuilt and renovated in 1998.
- Next to the castle is the so-called Small Castle, which served as an official residence.
- The palace park was also laid out based on the design of the architect Carl Gotthard Langhans based on the model of the Wörlitz park . It was originally divided into three zones: pleasure garden (with pond and islands as well as tea house, vineyard house, bathing salon, water feature and pheasantry), kitchen garden (with mill, silkworm breeding and Jewish printing shop) and meditation garden (with ruins of a neo-Gothic chapel from 1789, hermitage, grotto , Jewish cemetery and the Hoym family mausoleum in the style of a Greek temple). It served as the final resting place of the builder Carl Georg Heinrich Graf Hoym and his descendants until 1945.
- The St. Hedwig's Chapel in the cemetery was built in 1666.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Aleksandra Kurzak (* 1977), opera singer
- Aleksander Skorupa (* 1955), Polish politician, long-time mayor of Brzeg Dolny
Personalities associated with the city
- Henriette Hanke (1785–1862), writer from Jauer, spent many years as the wife of the local pastor in Dyhernfurth and often described the castle and the mausoleum in her works.
- Sabbatai Ben Josef (1641–1718), Jewish writer and singer, founder of the first Jewish printing press in 1687.
- Hans Otte (1926–2007), composer, pianist and radio editor, spent his youth in Dyhernfurth.
Town twinning
- Barsinghausen , Germany
- Mont-Saint-Aignan , France
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 86-87.
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich · Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 185-186.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Website of the city, Urząd Miejski w Brzegu Dolnym ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 27, 2015
- ↑ Other spellings were Brziegk, Brzig, Brzeg, Borsik, Brsege, Persig, Prizig, Przieck, Przigk
- ^ City of Dyhernfurth
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 5, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, p. 321.
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Wohllau.html # ew39wohldyhern. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory
