Mausoleum of the Hoym family
The Mausoleum of the family of Hoym in Polish Brzeg Dolny in Wroclaw was from 1800 to 1802 in the castle grounds of the former Dyhernfurth built. The architect Friedrich Gilly is the only surviving building . The main view of a four-pillar Doric prostyle and designed as a classic temple complex, the building served as the burial place of the von Hoym family until January 1945 . Due to the effects of war and other destruction, it is now a ruin .
history
The building is located in a spacious, wooded landscape park. The famous English garden was one of the first of its kind in Silesia and was laid out by Carl Gotthard Langhans for the ministerial director Karl Georg Heinrich von Hoym (1739–1807) at the end of the 18th century. The reason for the construction of the mausoleum was the early death of Count Hoym's eldest daughter, Antoinette Wilhelmine Countess von Maltzan, on November 27, 1799. She was married to Joachim Alexander Graf von Maltzan and was considered the first legitimate heiress of Dyhernfurth, as the minister was permitted to do so was to declare the rule of Dyhernfurth as entails . A memorial stone with an inscription on the base - once placed in the central axis in front of the mausoleum - was dedicated by Count Maltzan to his deceased wife.
The “temple of rest” is supposed to have a dual function: as a burial place for the deceased daughter, but also as a place of reflection and prayer for parents and relatives. Because Count and Countess Hoym had evidently determined Gilly to visualize their graves in the design of the interior. Gilly had two massive stone sarcophagi built in the middle of the side walls under a large segmented niche . The absolutely symmetrical design only allows the conclusion that these were intended for the first parents. Today's coverless, relatively thin-walled stone sarcophagi were probably only display sarcophagi. The actual tombs were located in the large mausoleum crypt on the back of the temple, which extends as a brick barrel vault across a hill.
Gilly had already varied the motif of the sarcophagus placed under an arch, which was declared the defining character of the room by doubling, in his designs - as a niche, but also as a barrel vault with the sarcophagus at the end of the room. A small-grain Silesian chalk sandstone was used as the building material. This material, which is excellently suited for a square construction without mortar in the sense of Alois Hirt "in the style of the ancients", allowed an almost seamless wall connection, as Gilly often drew in his designs with the sharpest pen.
construction
The mausoleum is a Doric four-column prostyle , made of solid sandstone blocks . The four pillars stand on the stylobate without a base . The portico is equipped with a three-part stone coffered ceiling. The cuboids of the walls are stacked in layers alternating between layers as runners and binders , with the butt joints being offset from layer to layer. Depressions in a number of stones suggest that it is braced with iron clamps and bolts. A two-shell construction of the runner cuboid can also be assumed due to the two-shell construction of the partially preserved frieze . The joints between the blocks are extremely fine and only a few places - apparently to compensate for inaccuracies - are filled with mortar. The crypt outside opens up via an exit inside the temple, which runs through the rear wall below the arched window.
The interior is divided symmetrically across the longitudinal axis of the building by two segmented arched niches. The segment arches are also evident on the outer longitudinal walls in the masonry bond. Each of the two segmental arches consists of twenty wedge stones and a keystone that is about twice the width of a wedge stone. Fourteen of the wedge stones are interlocked with the wall cuboids, the remainder butt against the architrave . The remains of two sarcophagi still stand in the niches. In the rear wall there is a round arch that houses an iron window construction. This round arch is constructed in the manner of segment arches and consists of the same number of wedge stones.
The yoke widths at the mausoleum - the distance between two columns in their axes - are divided into two smaller outer ones and one larger middle one. The mean yoke width corresponds to the sum of two metopes and two triglyph widths. Due to the larger width of the corner metopes and the smaller outer yoke width, the corner triglyphs sit outside of the common axis of symmetry of the corner column and architrave. This corresponds to the archaic Doric corner solution.
The columns are designed similar to the archaic columns, that is, without entasis - a form typical for Gilly, which gives the columns an optical rigidity and must be seen in connection with the geometric relationship of the column diameter to each other. The upper diameter of the pillars results from the square inscribed in the lower diameter. The number of sixteen fluting results from the division ratio of two squares inscribed in the lower column diameter. The column shaft is composed of two column drums.
Alste Oncken commented on the proportions of the mausoleum in her dissertation as follows: “The compactness and at the same time the strong tapering of the columns, the heaviness of the entablature and the geison, and the flexible power of the pure forms give this building among all its numerous companions in the park the face of time. "
Monument protection
The mausoleum was registered on February 17, 1984 under A / 2613/516 / W in the register of architectural monuments of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
Planned reconstruction
The Friedrich Gilly Society , founded in 2006 by the art historian Hella Reelfs (1928–2006) and the architect Eiko Behrens, initiated a project to scientifically research, secure and restore the ruins. On February 6, 2009, the city of Brzeg Dolny transferred the property and the ruins of the mausoleum to the Friedrich Gilly Society. The company was dissolved in 2014.
literature
- Günther Grundmann: Art hikes in the Giant Mountains . Munich 1969.
- Walter Irrgang: Remarkable parks in Silesia . Dortmund 1978.
- Wolfram Konwiarz: Minister Hoym and the palace complex in Dyhernfurth . Wroclaw 1936.
- Jerzy K. Kos: Mauzoleum w Brzegu Dolnym . in Annales Silesiae, Breslau 1986.
- Franz Landsberger: Art of the Goethe time . 1931.
- Fritz Neymeyer: Friedrich Gilly, essays on architecture. 1796-1799 . Ernst, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-433-02652-1 .
- Alste Oncken: Friedrich Gilly 1772-1800 . Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1935.
- Hella Reelfs: Friedrich Gilly 1772-1800 and the private company of young architects . Arenhövel, Berlin 1984.
- HC Riedel: Ornaments . Issue 2, 1804.
- Hermann Schmitz: Berlin master builder from the end of the 18th century. Berlin 1914.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Information from the Friedrich Gilly Society on Facebook . The contact “www.friedrich-gilly.com/” given there leads to the wiki lemma “Mausoleum of the von Hoym family”. When wiki users toured the building, which had been damaged and smeared more and more over the years, in September 2016, there was nothing to be seen of a backup and restoration. The Friedrich Gilly Society Ltd. was registered as a private trading company with the number 05849122 in London until its dissolution on January 28, 2014, but the company address was in Zurich (see https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/05849122 ), where Eiko Behrens is still registered in the Swiss commercial register with a company called Areos AG (CH-020.3.029.097-6) (2016: no website and no public information on activities). The transfer of the mausoleum and property to the Friedrich Gilly Society was a hot topic of the election campaign in Brzeg Dolny in 2014 and is now considered a serious mistake there (see: Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 '59.4 " N , 16 ° 43' 9.1" E