Friedrich Gilly

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Friedrich Gilly

Friedrich David Gilly (born February 16, 1772 in Altdamm near Stettin , † August 3, 1800 in Karlsbad ) was a German builder in Prussia . His works are influenced by revolutionary architecture.

Life

Friedrich Gilly (Portrait-Herme by Gottfried Schadow)
1972 postage stamp

Friedrich Gilly came from a Huguenot family that had settled in Prussia in 1689. He was the son of the builder David Gilly and his wife Friederike, nee Ziegenspeck. His father took him on business trips early on and promoted his son's talent in every respect. At the age of 16 Gilly came to Berlin in 1788 , where he received extensive training in the architecture class of the Academy of Fine Arts .

Friedrich Becherer and Carl Gotthard Langhans were his teachers in architecture . Gilly enjoyed drawing lessons from Christian Bernhard Rode , Johann Christoph Frisch , Johann Heinrich Meil , Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki and Johann Gottfried Schadow . Carl Gotthard Langhans, Michael Philipp Boumann and Freiherr Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff taught him the practical part . He got his first job in 1789 at the Oberhofbauamt, at times he worked for Bernhard Matthias Brasch in the reconstruction of Neuruppin .

In 1790 Gilly accompanied the secret senior building officer Heinrich August Riedel (1748–1810) on his journey through Westphalia and Holland . On this study trip, both dealt extensively with water art . In the following year Gilly was involved in the construction of the Berlin city bailiwick under Paul Ludwig Simon . A joint trip to Paris followed in 1793.

In 1794 Gilly went on an extensive study trip through East and West Prussia with his father . As a result of this trip, one can see the revival of the brick building in Northern Germany. In addition, he discovered the ruin of Marie Burg as Prussian Monument patriotic and produced drawings to (partly in reconstructive shape) Johann Friedrich Frick 1799-1803 along with other Malbork- representations as Aquatinta - etchings published.

In 1796, Gilly caused a sensation with a design: with the monument to Frederick the Great on the basis of a Doric temple, Gilly was considered by contemporaries to be the greatest genius in the building trade . 1798 was u. a. Karl Friedrich Schinkel was his pupil at the age of 17. The following year Gilly was appointed chief farm inspector. Equipped with a royal scholarship, he was able to undertake an extensive study tour through Great Britain , France , Austria , Vienna and Prague in 1797/98 . A trip through Italy was impossible due to political unrest.

After his return in 1798, Gilly, like his father, was appointed professor at the Bauakademie in Berlin . There he took over the subjects optics and perspective . His design for a national theater in Berlin , which heralded a completely new architectural style with its severe weight, which initially did not meet with approval , also fell during this period . In 1799 he married Maria Ulrike "Manon" Hainchelin (* 1771), a daughter of the Finance Councilor Pierre Jérémie Hainchelin . Their son died as an infant in 1800.

In January 1799, Gilly, together with Heinrich Gentz, founded the “Private Society of Young Architects”, which was intended as a training facility. Following the example of the Academy of Plato , it comprised seven members: in addition to the two founders, the building assessor Joachim Ludwig Zitelmann , the architects Carl Haller von Hallerstein , Carl Ferdinand Langhans , Martin Friedrich Rabe and Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

Friedrich Gilly died of tuberculosis on August 3, 1800 in Karlsbad at the age of 28. Schinkel took over the further execution of his ongoing construction projects. His widow married his childhood friend Konrad Levezow four years later .

plant

Drafts (selection)

Monument to Frederick the Great
  • Berlin: Monument to Frederick the Great . 1796.
  • Berlin: Schauspielhaus on Gendarmenmarkt . 1799.
  • Berlin: dog bridge . 1800.
  • Berlin: Stock Exchange .
  • Potsdam: Nikolaikirche . 1796.
  • Design for an ironworks . 1797.
  • Design for a basilica based on Philibert de l'Orme . 1797.
  • Design for a country house in the English style . 1798.
  • Design for a city gate . 1799.
  • Design for a bathhouse . 1800.

Performed works

Dairy in the park of Bellevue Palace
Copy of the frieze of the Old Mint at the former Palais Schwerin (part of the New Mint)
Replica of the frieze on the parapet of the New Berlin Mint
  • Berlin: House Jägerstrasse 14 . Designed in 1792.
  • Berlin: House Behrenstrasse 68 (Palais Lottum) . undated.
  • Berlin: Villa Mölter at the Tiergarten . Designed in 1799.
  • Berlin: dairy in the park of the Bellevue Palace . Designed in 1799.
  • Berlin: house at Breite Strasse 30 . undated.
  • Berlin, Alte Münze : frieze on the parapet of the first floor . Designed in 1798.
  • Königsberg: Theater . Designed in 1799.
  • Dyhernfurth near Breslau: Mausoleum of the von Hoym family . Inaugurated in 1802.
  • Paretz : Rohrhaus above the ice pit . Designed in 1797.
  • Schwedt a. Upper floor , margravial castle: 5 rooms on the first floor of the left wing . Established in 1795.
Mausoleum of the von Hoym family in Dyhernfurth (state 2007)
Mausoleum of the von Hoym family in Dyhernfurth (2016).

The mausoleum of the von Hoym family in the castle park of Dyhernfurth (since 1945 Polish: Brzeg Dolny ) in Silesia , preserved as a ruin, is considered the only remaining building by the architect Friedrich Gilly. With its construction between 1800 and 1802, the building marked the end of the third and final phase of renovation of the Dyhernfurth Castle Park, which was mainly designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans. The simple Doric prostylus temple , made of solid sandstone blocks, was commissioned to mark the death of Count Hoym's eldest daughter, Antoinette Wilhelmine Countess Maltzan, in 1799 and completed in 1802. After its inauguration, the mausoleum served as a burial place for the von Hoym family until it was destroyed in 1945 .

The Friedrich Gilly Society , founded in 2006 by the art historian Hella Reelfs (1928–2006) and the architect Eiko Behrens, had set itself the task of securing and restoring the von Hoym family's mausoleum.

Fonts

Writings by Friedrich Gilly in: Collection of useful essays and messages relating to architecture .

  • Description of the country house Bagatelle bey Paris . Berlin 1799.
  • Description of the Rincy country estate not far from Paris . Berlin 1799.
  • Some thoughts on the necessity of uniting the various parts of architecture, scientifically and practically, as far as possible . Berlin 1799.
  • Some excavated remarks from the travel journal of the late Ober Hoff building inspector Gilly . Berlin 1803.

literature

  • Cord-Friedrich Berghahn: The risk of autonomy. Studies on Karl Philipp Moritz, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Heinrich Gentz, Friedrich Gilly and Ludwig Tieck. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8253-5988-1 .
  • Michael Bollé, María Ocón Fernández: The book collection Friedrich Gillys (1772-1800). Provenance and fate of an architects' library in the theoretical context of the 18th century . Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2019. ISBN 978-3-7861-2791-8 .
  • Sabine Bock : Gilly, Friedrich (1772–1800). In: Dirk Alvermann , Nils Jörn (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon für Pommern . Volume 1 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series V, Volume 48.1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-20936-0 , pp. 100-101.
  • Rolf Bothe: Friedrich Gilly, 1772–1800 and the private company of young architects. Arenhövel, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-299-21208-7 .
  • Adolph Doebber : Gilly, Friedrich . In: Ulrich Thieme , Fred. C. Willis (Ed.): General lexicon of visual artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 14 : Giddens-Gress . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1921, p. 48–49 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Friedrich Gilly, Friedrich Frick: Marienburg Castle in Prussia. Published in deliveries 1799–1803. The view work re-edited by Wilhelm Salewski. Galtgarben Verlag, Düsseldorf 1965.
  • Otto Holtze: Friedrich Gilly. In: Pomeranian Life Pictures . Volume 3: Pomerania of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Saunier, Stettin 1939, pp. 204-215.
  • Alste Horn-Oncken :  Gilly, Friedrich David. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 399 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Konrad Levezow : Memorandum to Friedrich Gilly, royal architect and professor of the Academy of Architecture in Berlin. Verlag der Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin 1801.
  • Arthur Moeller van den Bruck : Gilly. In: Arthur Moeller van den Bruck: The Prussian style. Piper, Munich 1916, pp. 109-129.
  • Fritz Neumeyer (Ed.): Friedrich Gilly. Essays on Architecture, 1796–1799. = Gilly, essays. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-433-02652-1 .
  • Alste Oncken: Friedrich Gilly. 1772–1800 (= research on German art history. Vol. 5, ZDB -ID 573060-0 = annual edition of the German Association for Art History . 1935). Deutscher Verein für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin 1935 (corrected, but essentially unchanged reprint. (= The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. Supplement 7). Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-7861-1315-7 ).
  • Hella Reelfs: Friedrich and David Gilly in a new perspective. In: Art History Society of Berlin. Meeting reports. NF Vol. 28/29, 1979/1981, ZDB -ID 204492-4 , pp. 18-23.
  • Alfred Rietdorf: Gilly. Architecture rebirth. Hans von Hugo, Berlin 1940.
  • Hermann Schmitz: The builders David and Friedrich Gilly in their relationship with Pomerania. In: Monthly sheets of the society for Pomeranian history and antiquity . Jg. 23, 1909, ZDB -ID 208332-2 , pp. 81-87 and pp. 108-111.
  • Hermann Schmitz : Friedrich Gilly. In: Art and Artists. Vol. 7, 1909, ZDB -ID 214669-1 , pp. 201-206, digitized .
  • Gerd-Helge Vogel (Ed.): Friedrich Gilly 1772–1800. Innovation and tradition of classical architecture in Europe . Geidberg-Verlag, Güstrow 2002, ISBN 3-934776-12-4 .
  • Eduard Wätjen: Friedrich Gilly's draft for a monument to King Friedrich II of Prussia. In: Munich Yearbook of Fine Arts. Vol. 51, 2000, ISSN  0077-1899 , pp. 199-228.
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium . Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2018, pp. 937ff., ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Gilly  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Information from the Friedrich Gilly Society on Facebook . The contact “www.friedrich-gilly.com/” given there leads to the wiki lemma “Mausoleum of the von Hoym family”. When wiki users toured the building, which had been damaged and smeared more and more over the years, in September 2016, there was nothing to be seen of a backup and restoration.
personal data
SURNAME Gilly, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gilly, Friedrich David (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and builder
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1772
PLACE OF BIRTH Old dam
DATE OF DEATH August 3, 1800
Place of death Carlsbad