Dąbie (Szczecin)

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Dąbie
Coat of arms of ????
Dąbie (Poland)
Dąbie
Dąbie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
District of: Szczecin
Geographic location : 53 ° 24 '  N , 14 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 23 '42 "  N , 14 ° 39' 54"  E
Height : 5 m npm
Residents : 13,275 ( Jan 23, 2011)
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście



Dąbie (German Altdamm , also Alt-Damm ) is a district of Stettin (Szczecin). In contrast to all other districts of the Polish port city, Dąbie can look back on a long, independent urban development.

location

Dąbie district ( Altdamm ) in Szczecin

Dąbie is located about eight kilometers east of the old town of Szczecin at the confluence of the Plöne in the Dammschen lake , which the city owes its name to. The northern end of the Lower Oder Valley , which is several kilometers wide and consists of many river arms and islands, extends between the two city centers and is partly occupied by the Szczecin seaport , the second largest in Poland. Altdamm is the largest urban core east of the Oder in the Szczecin region and thus the most important sub-center of the city.

Today's Szczecin district of Dąbie also encompasses a large area up to the main river Oder, which belonged to Szczecin even before the incorporation of Altdamm (the rose garden , which was incorporated into Altdamm in 1937, is now an independent district).

The Dammsche See is also located within the district.

history

Alleged Battle of Vadam (1121)

The Pomeranian historians since Thomas Kantzow (1505-1542) reported on an alleged battle near Vadam , in 1121 in the area of ​​Stettin troops of the Polish Duke Bolesław III. Wry-mouthed the Pomeranians were defeated. The historian Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold (1799-1859) has shown that the underlying medieval source actually means the entire course of the war between Poles and Pomorans, which began at Nakel , and there was no battle at Vadam, after that it is about a mistake in deciphering a medieval source: uadam instead of naclam . The modern accounts of Pomeranian history accordingly do not know such a battle at Vadam. In local history texts in German and Polish, however, there is still written about a castle Vadam, which is said to have been destroyed by the Poles in 1121, on the site of the later Altdamm.

Pomeranian ducal period

The village of Dam was one of the possessions with which the castellan of Stettin Wartislaw Swantiboricz furnished the Kolbatz Monastery, which he founded in 1173 . This is transmitted through a document from Duke Bogislaw I from 1173/1176, with which the latter confirmed the possession of the monastery. After 1183 the mouth of the Plone was moved to Damm, for which Duke Bogislaw I paid the monastery a grant. At that time, the Plöne served trade with the Weizacker , a landscape to the southeast. In addition, the canalised river made it possible to operate mills.

In the 13th century the place came under the direct influence of the Pomeranian dukes. In 1243 Duke Barnim I spoke of his civitas Damme in a document . The contentious situation was regulated by a document from 1249, with which Duke Barnim I declared that he had taken Damm from the Kolbatz Monastery as a fief in order to build a town here.

After 1249 Duke Barnim I granted the town market rights, and in 1260 city rights under Magdeburg law with the city of Stettin as the upper court . Unusual for the history of Pomeranian law is the short-term change to the town charter from 1293 to 1297.

Ducal hunting lodge (photo from 2004)

At the beginning of the 14th century, the city of Szczecin built a path from Szczecin to Damm, which was led on a dam and bridges. In 1299 the city of Stettin had received permission for this from Duke Otto I, in 1302 the complex was mentioned as being under construction, and in 1314 customs were already levied by Stettin.

Although Duke Barnim I. had only received Damm from the Kolbatz Monastery for life, his successors also remained in the possession of the town, even if they confirmed the monastery’s rights. Duke Otto I made the city his preferred residence, but he also recognized in 1297 that he would only have the city as a fief for life from the Kolbatz monastery.

In the 14th century the city was a member of the Hanseatic League and as such took part in the fight against the Vitalienbrüder in 1394 .

A city fire in 1592 destroyed the ducal castle, among other things. Duke Johann Friedrich built a new renaissance castle .

In Swedish Pomerania

During the Thirty Years War , Sweden took the city in 1630. The city belonged to the part of Pomerania that formed Swedish Pomerania after the Pomeranian ducal house of the Griffins died out and after the Thirty Years War . During the Swedish-Brandenburg War , the city was taken by Brandenburg without a fight in 1676 after the small Swedish garrison had withdrawn to Stettin. But it belonged to the narrow strip of land in Western Pomerania that remained with Swedish Pomerania after the Peace of Saint-Germain (1679) . During the Great Northern War , Prussia took Swedish Pomerania up to the Peene by 1715 , and the city of Damm as early as 1713 during the siege of Szczecin.

Prussian provincial town

Like the rest of Swedish Pomerania up to the Peene, Damm came to Prussia in the Treaty of Stockholm in 1720 . As a Prussian provincial town, Altendamm now belonged to the Pomeranian district of Randow . The town hall was renewed in 1727. Potato cultivation was introduced in 1746/1747 . In 1747 the village of Arnimswalde was laid out on urban land east of the city , initially under the name of Henningshorst.

Since 1819 the place name Alt-Damm or Altdamm has been used instead of the previous dam . Extensive construction work took place in the first third of the 19th century - the new building of the city school was built in 1829, and there is evidence of a school in the city as early as the 16th century. In 1846, Altdamm received a rail connection when the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft extended the Berlin – Stettin line via Altdamm to Stargard. In 1882 the railway line to Greifenberg built by the Altdamm-Colberger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was added, which was later extended to Kolberg . Industrial companies settled in Altdamm, the number of inhabitants rose from 2,014 in 1812 to 6,863 in 1900 and further to 16,197 in 1939. From 1924 on, the Szczecin Airport , which opened in 1927, was established in Altdamm . On October 1, 1937, the neighboring rural community of Rosengarten was incorporated into Altdamm.

Mostly Protestant believers who belonged to the parish of St. Mary lived in the city. There was a chapel for the Catholics.

Incorporation to Stettin (1939)

On October 15, 1939 Altdamm was incorporated into the Pomeranian provincial capital of Szczecin together with many other municipalities in the region. At that time the city had an elementary school, a middle school, a vocational school and a training facility called a commercial aviation school. Located in the vicinity of the city of Szczecin, industrialization was not yet complete. In the city area of ​​Altdamm there was a pulp and paper factory, a large laundry, mills, food factories, a spinning mill and an ice cream factory. The garrison and an aircraft yard were also important for urban development. A prison was attached to the district court. The city's infrastructure included the train station, the power station, a fire station , a hospital, an old people's home, a bathing establishment and a municipal slaughterhouse.

Towards the end of World War II , Altdamm was badly damaged by air raids on March 5, 1945. In view of the approaching eastern front, the city was evacuated by the population on March 7, 1945. For a few days, the Altdamm area formed a bridgehead east of the Oder, defended by German troops, until the Red Army took it on March 20, 1945.

Post war history

After the transfer of the region to Poland in 1945, the city was given the Polish name of Dąbie . The city's German population was expelled and Poles were settled instead . The city belonged to the Powiat Gryfiński ( Greifenhagener Kreis ) from 1945 to 1948 . Since then it has been incorporated into Stettin again.

City description

Marienkirche (tower and renovation 1863/1866)

Like most cities in Pomerania , the small old town has a right-angled road network. The main street, formerly Lange Straße , is now called Emilii Gierczak . Immediately to the southeast outside the city wall from the 13th century, it meets a Wilhelminian town square with a large green area ( pl. Słowiański , formerly Wilhelmsplatz ). The street crosses the river Plöne 200 meters further and after another 100 meters reaches the train station .

The station is one of the largest in Szczecin, here the line coming from the main station divides into an eastern ( Stargard Szczeciński – Poznań ) and a north-eastern ( Goleniów – Danzig ) branch. To the east of the passenger station is a large freight station .

As in rail traffic, Dąbie also collects the routes approaching Szczecin from the east in road traffic. The A6 autostrada runs along the southern edge of the city ( Europastraße 28 , Berlin- Szczecin-Danzig). It is crossed here by the main road that leads from the center of Szczecin to the southeast. This separates east of the city into the state road 10 (Stargard – Posen) and the state road 3 ( Gorzów Wielkopolski ). The Oder bridges between Stettin city center and Altdamm are the last permanent Oder crossings before it flows into the Baltic Sea .

To the south of the railway line is a large industrial area, to which several large housing estates (mostly prefabricated buildings ) connect. To the west of the town there is a sports airfield , numerous smaller sports harbors and a bathing establishment on the lake shore . To the north, beyond the city ​​moat ( Chełszcząca ), there is a floodplain landscape along the lake, criss-crossed by many small moats . Inland, Altdamm is surrounded by forest in all directions , to the south on hills up to 150 m high.

In Dąbie not only new housing estates were built after the Second World War, but two previously existing settlements were also given up: the area around the former Notitzplatz on the northern edge of the village is now occupied by allotment gardens , the former Stutthof settlement east of the Dąbie-Osiedle train station , which opened after 1945 (translated Altdamm-Siedlung ) is now a park. It is, so to speak, a modern desert on the edge of a big city.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Friedrich Gilly (1772–1800), German master builder, professor at the Bauakademie in Berlin
  • Carl Teike (1864–1922), German military musician and composer
  • Günther Meinhold (1889–1979), German major general, most recently in 1944/1945 fortress commander of Genoa
  • Hilde Radusch (1903–1994), anti-fascist resistance fighter, communist and social democratic politician, women's rights activist and lesbian activist

literature

Web links

Commons : Dąbie (Szczecin)  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Dam in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ BIP Szczecin, ewidencja ludności ( Memento of the original dated December 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 23, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bip.um.szczecin.pl
  2. ^ A b Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold : History of Pomerania and Rügen. Volume 1. Friedrich Parthes, Hamburg 1839, pp. 468-470.
  3. ↑ Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Verlag Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1919. (Reprint: Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 )
  4. ↑ Werner Buchholz (ed.): German history in Eastern Europe. Pomerania . Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-88680-272-8 .
  5. ↑ Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Flechsig-Buchvertrieb, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-439-X , p. 30.
  6. ↑ A short history of Dąbie from the earliest times to 1945 PDF in Polish
  7. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 63
  8. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 93.
  9. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 418.
  10. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 494
  11. ^ Martin Wehrmann : History of the city of Stettin. Leon Saunier's bookstore, Stettin 1911, p. 46. (Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89350-119-3 )
  12. ^ Martin Wehrmann : History of the city of Stettin. Leon Saunier's bookstore, Stettin 1911, p. 299. (Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89350-119-3 )
  13. ^ Martin Wehrmann : History of the city of Stettin. Leon Saunier's bookstore, Stettin 1911, p. 333. (Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89350-119-3 )
  14. ↑ Systematic directory of name and inventory changes of municipalities . Excerpts from: Fritz R. Barran: City Atlas Pomerania . 2nd Edition. Rautenberg, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8003-3097-0 , p. 192.
  15. ↑ a b c Fritz R. Barran: City Atlas Pomerania. Rautenberg, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8003-3097-0 , pp. 24-25.