Max Kayser (politician)

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Max Kayser (photography, photographer unknown)

Max Kayser (born May 9, 1853 in Tarnowitz , † March 29, 1888 in Breslau ) was an editor and social democratic politician.

Life

Kayser came from a Jewish family. After attending high school, he became a clerk . He was active in this profession until 1871. He was a member of the board of commercial associations in Wroclaw. In Berlin he also attended public economics lectures at the University of Eugen Dühring and Adolph Wagner . He became a member of the SDAP . He was active there from 1871. Between 1871 and 1873 he was a board member of the "Democratic Workers' Association" and the "Democratic Association" in Berlin. During this time he was also editor of the "Demokratische Zeitung". He was a member of the International Workers' Association . In the years 1873 and 1874 Kayser worked as a paid agitator for the SDAP and was for a short time editor of social democratic newspapers in Mainz , Chemnitz and Leipzig . From 1874 until the newspaper was banned, he was editor of the " Dresdner Volksbote " or the " Dresdner Volkszeitung ". He then wrote for various social democratic papers, which were banned after a short time due to the Socialist Law. Between 1880 and 1887, Kayser was co-owner of a tobacco and cigar shop in Dresden before he fell seriously ill. From 1878 to 1887 he was a member of the Reichstag . During the Socialist Law between 1881 and 1884 he was expelled from many German cities and communities for political reasons. At times he could not find an apartment and slept in railroad cars. In numerous trials, Kayser was sentenced to a total of 18 ½ months in prison for violating press law.

Grave of Max Kayser in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Wroclaw

At the time, Kayser was furthest to the right within the Social Democratic parliamentary group. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels turned to Bebel, Liebknecht , Bracke and others in a “circular letter” . a. ”against Max Kayser's behavior in the Reichstag. He was the only Social Democrat in the Reichstag to vote in favor of “protective tariffs,” which he justified by stating that although they do not eliminate unemployment, they at least partially reduce it. Kayser sharply criticized the liberals for their lack of understanding of social issues. Kayser rejected private insurance on principle because he believed that individuals should not benefit from the misfortunes of others, and he therefore advocated state insurance. As a member of parliament, he fought against the Socialist Law. Thanks to Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz's parliamentary intervention, the Reichstag unanimously approved his release from prison.

Kayser died in Breslau after suffering a serious larynx disease. Monitored by the police, more than 3,000 people , including August Bebel and Paul Singer , gave him final escort to his funeral . Kayser is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Breslau .

His brother was the doctor Richard Kayser (born May 13, 1854 in Tarnowitz). His brother-in-law was August Kaden . He had a son who was also named Max Kayser (1887–1914).

Participation in party conventions

Kayser was a delegate at the Gotha Association Congress from May 22nd to 27th, 1875. There he represented 395 party members from Dresden and Pirna . At the following party congress in Gotha from August 19 to 23, 1876, the two places of the previous year commissioned him again, as was the case in 1877. Kayser was also delegated to the Copenhagen party congress, which met from March 29 to April 2, 1883. At the party congress in St. Gallen in October 1887 he was a delegate.

Honor

  • According to the council resolution of the city of Dresden on August 15, 1962, Keppgrundstrasse was renamed Max-Kayser-Strasse. But in 1991 this name was reversed by a decision of the city council.

Publications

Poster for the repeal of the Socialist Law of 1890. Honoring the deceased. Max Kayser top left.
  • anonymous: Bergmann's curse. I. Report on the delegates' day of Saxon miners and steelworkers. Held at Zwickau on September 20, 1874. Verlag der Genossenschaftsbuchdruckerei, Leipzig 1875. Digitized
  • The eighteenth of March. A historical sketch . Klemich, Dresden 1878.
  • Speech by Reichstag member Kayser on the New Socialist Law. Separate reprint of the second deliberation of the draft law, regarding the extension of the law against the common endangering efforts of the social democracy, on April 19, 1880 . Self-published, Dresden 1880.
  • Speech by MP Kayser on the application by Seydewitz and comrades regarding the amendment of the trade regulations. From the official stenographic reports of the Reichstag session of March 17, 1880 . Zumbusch, Dresden 1880.
  • To extend liability. Speech by MP Kayser given at the session of the Reichstag on January 19, 1882. (From the official shorthand report.) J. Auer, Schwerin 1882.
  • Speeches by MPs Kayser and Bebel at the 14th session of the Reichstag on December 10, 1885 on the motion by Helldorf and comrades to extend the legislative periods of the Reichstag from 3 to 5 years and the motion of the social-democratic fraction of the Reichstag, the shortening of the legislative period from 3 to 2 years . Grillenberger , Nuremberg 1885.
  • From the Reichstag. Speech of the Reichstag deputy M. Kayser on the draft law concerning the amendment of the trade regulations of July 1, 1883 (association law, declarations of disrepute, etc.) delivered on December 15, 1886. Speech of the Reichstag deputy W. Hasenclever at the second reading of Military submission held on January 12, 1887. According to the official stenographic reports . Printed and published by Wörlein & Comp., Nuremberg 1887.

literature

  • Kayser, Max . In: Patriotic journeymen. Brief biographies of the deceased outstanding socialists of the 19th century . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1901, p. 57 f.
  • MAX KAYSER . In: Theodor Müller (Ed.): 45 leaders from the beginnings and the heroic age of the Breslau social democracy . Robert Hermann, Breslau 1925, pp. 67–69. (Digitized version)
  • Theodor Müller: The history of the Breslau social democracy . Auvermann, Glashütten im Taunus 1972, pp. 50–55. (unchanged. New printer of the edition Breslau 1925)
  • Max Kayser . In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism . Volume I. Deceased personalities . JHW, Dietz Nachf., Hannover 1960, pp. 159–160.
  • Kayser, Max . In: Wilhelm Kosch : Biographisches Staats Handbuch . Lexicon of politics, press and journalism . Continued by Eugen Kuri. Second volume. A. Francke Verlag, Bern and Munich 1963, p. 642.
  • Dieter Fricke : The German labor movement 1869-1914. A manual about their organization and activity in the class struggle . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1976, pp. 33, 97, 117, 124, 152, 380-381, 388, 551, 556-557.
  • Ernest Hamburger : Jews in public life in Germany: members of the government, civil servants and parliamentarians in the monarchist era. 1848-1918. JCB Mühr, Tübingen 1968, pp. 416-418. partly readable on Google books
  • Eckhard Hansen, Florian Tennstedt (Eds.) U. a .: Biographical lexicon on the history of German social policy from 1871 to 1945 . Volume 1: Social politicians in the German Empire 1871 to 1918. Kassel University Press, Kassel 2010, ISBN 978-3-86219-038-6 , p. 84 ( online , PDF; 2.2 MB).
  • Arno Herzig : Max Kayser (1853–1888). The first Jewish member of the German labor movement . In: Bert Becker, Horst Lademacher (ed.): Spirit and design in historical change. Facets of German and European History 1789 - 1989. Festschrift for Siegfried Bahne . Waxmann, Münster 2000, pp. 105-112. ISBN 3-89325-849-3 partially readable on Google books
  • Arno Herzig: Max Kayser (1853–1888) . In: Josef Joachim Menzel (Ed.): Schlesische Lebensbilder . Volume 7., Silesians from the 15th to 20th centuries . Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-7995-6198-6 , pp. 41-46.
  • Kayser, Max . In: Bruno Jahn: The German-language press. A biographical-bibliographical handbook . KG Saur, Munich 2005, p. 531. Digitized
  • Kayser, Max . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): German biographical encyclopedia (DBE). Volume 5, Hitz-Kozub . 2nd, revised and expanded edition. KG Saur, Munich 2006, p. 551. Digitized

Web links

Commons : Max Kayser  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dirk Hainbuch, Florian Tennstedt.
  2. ^ "German Parliament Almanac", 1878 according to Max Kayser's own statements.
  3. ↑ "The Berlin group of Eisenacher had meanwhile (1872) parted with their previous name Democratic Workers' Association, to which they had clung too stubbornly until now, until the newcomers were confused about where to find their party be". (Annemarie Lange: Berlin at the time of Bebel and Bismarck. Between the founding of the Empire and the turn of the century . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1972, p. 148.)
  4. ^ Eduard Bernstein : Social Democratic Apprenticeship Years . Der Bücherkreis, Berlin 1928, p. 10.
  5. ↑ "They were also allowed to call a Berlin paper their own [...] with the entry of social democrats like Carl Hirsch and Max Kayser". (Annemarie Lange: Berlin at the time of Bebel and Bismarck. Between the founding of the Empire and the turn of the century . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1972, p. 148.)
  6. ↑ “It was February 1872 when I attended a meeting of the Berlin organization of the International Workers' Association. The agenda was “The land question” and the editor Max Kayser was announced as speaker. ”(Eduard Bernstein: Social Democratic Apprenticeship Years. Der Bücherkreis, Berlin 1928, p. 5.)
  7. ^ "Volksstimme" (August 1873 to the end of 1874.) (Dieter Fricke, p. 381.)
  8. ^ The "Dresdner Volks-Zeitung" was banned on December 9, 1878. (Dieter Fricke, p. 380.)
  9. ↑ "Kayser plays the role of Lasker in the former Progressive Party : gossip, gossip, gossip, just don't act energetically, the 'constitutional state' and 'calm development' are his hobbies." August Bebel to Julius Motteler , January 12, 1885 ( In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to June 1885. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 86.)
  10. ↑ "Kayser for the crime of standing furthest to the right in the social democratic faction". ( Franz Mehring : History of German Social Democracy. Part Two . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1960, p. 649. (= Franz Mehring. Collected writings . Volume 2)
  11. ^ Marx-Engels works . Volume 19, p. 150 ff. Digitized
  12. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 551.
  13. ^ Franz Osterroth, p. 160.
  14. ^ Theodor Müller (ed.): 45 leaders from the beginnings and the heroic age of the Breslau social democracy . Robert Hermann, Breslau 1925, pp. 64–66.
  15. ^ Karl Pretzsch : Directory of the Breslau university publications. 1811-1885 . Breslau 1905, p. 151.
  16. ^ Kaden, Wilhelm August . (Saxon biography)
  17. ↑ Ursula Hermann (eds.): August and Julie Bebel . Letters of a marriage . JHW Dietz Successor, Bonn 1997, pp. 490, 497, 652. ISBN 3-8012-0243-7 .
  18. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 97.
  19. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 117.
  20. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 124.
  21. ^ In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to June 1885 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 416.
  22. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 152.
  23. ^ A journey through time through Dresden's street names . Dresden 2014, p. 17.
  24. ^ "German Parliament Almanac" 1878.
  25. ↑ Ceremonial address for March 18, 1878.
  26. ↑ Year of birth accidentally given as "1855".
personal data
SURNAME Kayser, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH May 9, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Tarnowitz
DATE OF DEATH March 29, 1888
Place of death Wroclaw