Carl Hirsch

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Carl Asriel Hirsch (born June 8, 1841 in Baisingen , † September 23, 1900 in Paris ) was a German social democratic journalist .

Carl Hirsch

Life

Carl Hirsch was the son of the teacher Michael Hirsch (1799–1873). Hirsch attended the Lyceum in Tübingen , studied at the Eberhard Karl University in Tübingen and passed the exam as a rabbinical candidate. In 1866 he came to Berlin, worked as a journalist for the journal “ Die Zukunft ” , directed by Johann Jacoby , and acquired Prussian citizenship. In 1868 he became a member of the International Workers' Association . In his work Die Deutsche Arbeiterpartei. Its principles and its program explained Hirsch the tasks of the labor movement based on the ideas of Ferdinand Lassalle and the Communist Manifesto . In 1868 Hirsch was a member of the ADAV . At the Nuremberg Association of the Association of German Workers' Associations in September 1868, he met August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht . Hirsch was involved in the founding of the Eisenach party and published The Organization of the German Workers' Party . In July 1869, Hirsch was elected one of two shop stewards for the Social Democratic Party in Bavaria. Hirsch also gave a lecture at the Eisenach Congress . After Bebel, Liebknecht and Adolf Hepner were arrested for their anti- war campaign in 1870/71 , Hirsch became the responsible editor of the People's State . For the Reichstag elections in 1871 , Hirsch wrote a series of essays for the People's State, which was also sold as a separate print, in which he called the Social Democrats a "principled opponent" of the government. In dealing with hostile competition, e.g. B. against Carl Hirsch, August Kapell also used anti-Semitism to help.

After Bebel and Liebknecht had been convicted in the Leipzig high treason trial in March 1872, Liebknecht met Carl Hirsch on June 15, 1872 at the Hubertusburg , who was imprisoned there from May 2nd to August 1st for insulting majesty . Hirsch was supposed to spend another month in prison for "insulting" but withdrew and went to Paris in June 1872. Besides working for social democratic newspapers Hirsch also wrote for the Frankfurter Zeitung of Leopold sun man . In autumn 1875 he visited Karl Marx in London, who was staying with Friedrich Lessner . In March 1876, Hirsch went to prison in Leipzig for a month so that he could continue to work for his party in Germany.

In September 1878, Hirsch went back to Paris to prepare an international congress. However, he was arrested on September 6 and expelled from France on October 9 at the instigation of the Prussian political police. In Brussels, Hirsch published “Die Laterne”, which was the first illegal organ of the banned Social Democratic Party. With his newspaper, Hirsch dealt with the positions of Johann Most and also those of Max Kayser . At the suggestion of Karl Marx, Hirsch was to take over the leadership of the Zurich social democrat . Ultimately, however, Hirsch turned down all proposals to go to Zurich. From July 1881 Hirsch again had a provisional residence permit for Paris. From Paris, Hirsch wrote articles for German newspapers, but also for Jules Guesdes “Egalité”.

He married Lina Haschert on July 8, 1882 in Paris.

When Friedrich Engels died on August 5, 1895, Hirsch dedicated an obituary to him in the "Rheinische Zeitung". In March 1896, Hirsch gave up his editorial position at the Rheinische Zeitung and went back to Paris. He died there of a kidney disease. At the Lübeck Congress of the Social Democratic Party in 1901, Hirsch was honored with the words: "Hirsch belongs to the avant-garde of the party".

The lantern

The lantern appeared weekly in Brussels from December 15, 1878. In addition to Carl Hirsch, who was the editor and publisher of the newspaper, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Josef Dietzgen , Julius Kracker and other Social Democrats wrote articles for this newspaper. The format of the newspaper (6.5 × 10.5 cm) was tailored to illegal distribution. The edition was 1000 copies each. This newspaper was mainly distributed in the Rhineland and in Breslau and the surrounding area. Above all, Bismarck's policy of military despotism and his protective tariff policy were attacked in the lantern . The last edition appeared on June 29, 1879, as Hirsch ran out of funds and the publication of the Social Democrat was imminent.

Works

  • The presence. Berlin weekly for Jewish affairs. Editor: Carl Hirsch . Berlin 1867/68.
  • The German Workers' Party. Your principles and your program . Jonas, Berlin 1868.
  • Indirect taxes and after-socialism . In: Democratic weekly paper . No. 2 supplement dated January 9, 1869; No. 4 supplement dated January 23, 1869; No. 6 supplement dated February 6, 1869 and No. 8 supplement dated February 20, 1869.
  • Point 10 of the Eisenach program . In: Democratic weekly paper . No. 44 of September 29, 1869.
  • The organization of the German Workers' Party . Winckler, Berlin 1869
  • Detailed program for the big social democratic workers' festival taking place on Sunday, August 22nd, 1869 in Harzburg (...) . Berglein and Limbach, Braunschweig o. JS 8-18
  • The state and the cooperative system. To point X of the Eisenach program . (Special reprint from the People's State ). Thiele, Leipzig 1870.
  • The party press, its meaning and organization . Printing and publishing of the Genossenschafts-Buchdruckerei, Leipzig 1876.
  • The normal working day. Explained and justified . Self-published, Crimmitschau 1871. (3rd edition Berlin 1871)
  • To the Reichstag elections . (Reprint from the Volksstaat ) Thiele, Leipzig 1871.
  • The alleged social theories and real political aspirations of Mr. Bakunin . Thiele, Leipzig 1872.
  • The lantern . Edited by Carl Hirsch, No. 1-26 from December 15, 1878 to June 29, 1879. Goetschalck, Breda (ie Brussels) 1878/79. Digitized

literature

  • Karl Hirsch . In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism . Volume I: Deceased Personalities . JHW Dietz Nachf., Hannover 1960, p. 134.
  • Rudolf Schmidt: The attitude of the Eisenach party to the Franco-Prussian War 1870/71 and to the Reich government - reflected in the 'Crimmitschauer Citizen and Peasant Friend' . State examination thesis University of Education Potsdam , Hist.-Philos. Faculty 1969
  • Elmar Julier: Hirsch, Carl . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 209-210
  • Ursula Hermann: The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany and the Exceptional Law. On the argument about the strategy and tactics of the party in 1878/79 and on the share of the newspaper “Die Laterne” . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement . Issue 4. Berlin 1973, pp. 606-629
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht. Correspondence with German Social Democrats. 1862-1878 . Vol. 1. Ed. And edit by Georg Eckert . Van Gorcum & Comp., Assen 1973 ISBN 90-232-0858-7
  • Ursula Hermann: On the influence of Marx and Engels on Carl Hirsch . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research 16, Berlin 1984, pp. 222–228
  • Ursula Hermann: Carl Hirsch. Social democratic journalist and colleague of Marx and Engels. In: Shaping the Bismarckian Age. Vol. II. Ed. By Gustav Seeber , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1986, pp. 143–173

Letter discount

  • Letters to Karl Marx seven letters to Marx (RGASPI, Moscow)
  • Letters to Friedrich Engels: 26 letters to Engels ( IISG Marx Engels estate L2393 to L2418)
  • Letters from Marx and Engels to Hirsch, seven letters from Engels to Hirsch and thirteen letters from Marx.
  • Correspondence from Wilhelm Liebknecht (B 30) three letters from Liebknecht to Hirsch and (C 117) 58 letters from Hirsch to Liebknecht (IISG Wilhelm Liebknecht estate)
  • Letters from August Geib to Hirsch four letters (IISG Kleine Korreaspondenz)
  • two letters to Carl August Schramm on 12 and August 1879 (IISG CA Schramm estate)
  • Letters to Eleanor Marx (IISG Eleanor Marx Papers)
  • August Bebel correspondence (two letters) (IISG August Bebel estate)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The state and the cooperative system. To point X of the Eisenach program
  2. ↑ The People's State No. 102 of December 21, 1870.
  3. ↑ On the Reichstag elections . In: The People's State January 21st and 25th and February 1st, 1871.
  4. ↑ Ludger Heid , Arnold Paucker : Jews and German Labor Movement until 1933. Tübingen, 1992 p. 14
  5. ↑ Karl-Heinz Leidigkeit: The Leipzig treason trial in 1872 . New ed. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1960.
  6. ↑ Ursula Hermann 1986, p. 150.
  7. ↑ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels August 25, 1879 MEW Vol. 34, p. 96.
  8. ↑ Ursula Hermann 1986, p. 154.
  9. ↑ see Socialist Law .
  10. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Adolph Sorge September 19, 1879 (MEW Vol. 34, p. 411 ff.)
  11. ^ Jutta Seidel : German Social Democracy and Parti Ouvrier 1876 - 1889 . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1982.
  12. ↑ Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 304.
  13. ^ Protocol on the negotiations of the party congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . Berlin 1901, p. 12.
  14. ↑ Dieter Fricke: The German labor movement. A manual about their organization and activity . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1976, p. 388.
personal data
SURNAME Hirsch, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hirsch, Carl Asriel (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION social democratic journalist
DATE OF BIRTH June 8, 1841
PLACE OF BIRTH Baisingen
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1900
Place of death Paris