Carl August Schramm (economist)

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Carl Schramm, around 1890

Carl August Schramm (born March 11, 1830 in Mittenwalde , Mark Brandenburg , † March 18, 1905 in Mainkur ) was a German economist , social democrat and director of the Swiss hail insurance company .

Life

Career

Carl August Schramm was the second son of the pastor and rector Carl Ludwig Schramm († 1841) and his wife Juliane Auguste Barmer (* 1776; † 1881). He had two brothers Johannes (* 1828; † 1898) and Carl Rudolf (* 1837; † 1890). He was confirmed on April 6, 1846. Schramm attended grammar school and then the royal high school in Berlin, which he graduated with permission for one-year volunteer service . In Brüssow he learned agriculture and was manager of various estates for several years. Due to a serious illness, he switched to Anhalter Bahn in Berlin. Later he was employed by the central administration of the Rheinische Bahn in Cologne. In 1860 Schramm went back to Berlin and worked for the Kölnische Hagelversicherungsgesellschaft and in 1861 as an agent for the Deutsche Feuer-Versicherungs-Aktien Gesellschaft . Schramm married Hanny Bolle. His son Carl August Heinrich (* 1863; † 1919) attended the Kölln High School in Berlin. In 1869 Schramm became a member of the Social Democratic Labor Party . Carl August Schramm resigned from the church in 1874. He was one of the first to be deported under the Socialist Act in Berlin. Schramm then went to his brother in Bremen , before moving to Zurich in January 1879. In December 1879 he was employed by the Swiss Hagel Insurance Company, whose technical director he remained until 1902. Schramm, who lived in the municipality of Pfäffikon , received cantonal citizenship with his wife Hanny (née Bolle) and his son Carl August Ludwig Heinrich Schramm . In the last years of his life there were disputes with the board of directors of his company, which were also carried out in court. In the late summer of 1904 Schramm moved in with his son, Dr. Carl Schramm, who worked in Mainkur at Cassela Farbwerke in Mainkur. Here Schramm died on March 18, 1905, from a "heart condition".

Time as a social democrat

Schramm also worked for the magazine Die Wage by Guido Weiß (* 1822, † 1899). With Karl Höchberg he wrote for the future . Politically, Schramm was a supporter of the Progress Party . Schramm met Rodbertus at the end of 1873 or beginning of 1874. In a letter from Johann Karl Rodbertus to Rudolf Meyer on April 19, 1874, it says: “Mr. Schramm and I have come to an understanding about the socialist campaign that we want to start. (…) Schramm and I are not afraid to belong to a party with Hasenclever if this party - wherever he has to be brought - wants to give in to us on some important points ”. Thus Schramm belonged to the General German Workers' Association . He also got to know Eduard Bernstein in the so-called Mohrenklub in Berlin . Schramm gave lectures and was one of the first to be expelled from Berlin on the basis of the Socialist Law. His so-called three-star article in the yearbook for social science and social policy , written by Karl Flesch , Karl Höchberg and himself, which aroused the displeasure of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and caused them to write the famous circular letter. Since Schramm continued to represent Rodbertus' views and he struck an article for Die Neue Zeit in a polemical tone, brought Karl Kautsky and August Bebel to force him out of the party in 1886.

Quotes

“ I made an agreement with Liebknecht to present the basic concepts of economics and our position on today's mode of production to the readers in a series of articles that were kept as popular as possible, and I will therefore endeavor to reproduce the views developed in your“ Capital ”, insofar as they are understandable for a large readership, to be popularized even more than Most has already done. But I will also come to a point where I am in doubt about what theoretical position you take, I mean the basic pension theory. In my open correspondence with M. Hirsch I pointed out that you will accept the emergence of value from land (Conf. Pa. 61 of “Capital”) - but I do not want the “People's State” readers too different theories come up. In my own view, Rodbertus' 3. social letter ”developed view the correct; Ricardo and Thünen only recognize a pension from a privileged location. May I ask you to tell me in two words whether you will be in favor of one view and for which one? . "

- quoted from Carl August Schramm to Karl Marx March 31, 1875.

" The end of my letter was that I only harbored a feeling for him (Schr), one of deepest contempt, that he should do in ten thousand devil's names what his mean nature forces him to do ."

- quoted from August Bebel to Hermann Schlüter August 22, 1886.

“ He was a witty man, a precise expert on the industry, to whom he gave fruitful suggestions in numerous writings and showed him new, viable paths; he was a tireless man who could only be dissuaded from work by serious illness; But he was also a man of solid character who, just as he had to leave his homeland due to his convictions, never thought about the society he was the godfather of when he was born (...) and which he, already suffering and very old, still thought always devoted his strength to saying Valet when he saw that the top administration (...) (of) the future of the 'Schweizerische Hagel-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft' was bound to be ruinous . "

- quoted from Oesterreichische Revue, p. 212.

Works

Fonts

  • A word for understanding in the social question. Berlin 1871
  • My open letter to Dr. Max Hirsch with answer and reply . Berlin 1872
  • Critique of Held's social reform theory . Berlin 1872
  • Main features of the national economy . Publishing house of the cooperative book printing company, Leipzig 1876
  • For and against the nationalization of insurance . Zurich 1884
  • Basic features of national economy . Department I. 2., verm. And verb. Aufl. Schweizerische Genossenschaftsbuchdruckerei, Hottingen-Zürich 1884 (Social Writings 12)
  • Rodbertus , Marx, Lassalle . Social science study . Viereck, Munich 1885 (also 1889)
  • Open letter to the members of the Reichstag of the Social Democratic Party . Zurich, early March 1886
  • O wytwarzaniu bogactw: przerôbka z niemieckiego . Wydawn. Walki Klas, Genewa 1887 (Biblijoteka robotnika polskiego 4)

Articles in magazines (selection)

  • An economics lecture. (Held in the Berlin Democratic Association) . In: Der Volksstaat , Leipzig No. 1 (January 3). No. 2 (January 6th), No. 3 (January 10th) and No. 4 (January 13th) 1872.
  • Income and its distribution . In: The People's State . No. 45 (June 5) and No. 46 (June 8) 1872.
  • The exchange value . In: The People's State No. 82 (October 12) 1872.
  • (Review) Albert Eberhard Friedrich Schäffle : The quintessence of socialism . In: Vorwärts , Leipzig No. 61 (May 27) and No. 62 (May 30) 1877.
  • Professor Dr. Schäffle . In: Vorwärts , Berlin No. 128 (October 31) 1877.
  • The value of the isolated man . In: Die Zukunft , Berlin 1877, 1st year 1877/78. Issue 4. pp. 106-114.
  • Carl Marx's theory of values . In: Die Zukunft , Berlin 1st year 1877/78. Issue 5., pp. 127-135.
  • For Herr von Kardorff . In: Berlin Free Press . Vol. 3, 1878, No. 246 of October 22, 1878.
  • Clearance. In: Forward . Leipzig. 1878. No. 39 of April 3, 1878.
  • The Influence of Private Property on the Value and Distribution of Products . In: Die Zukunft , Berlin 1878, 1st year 1877/78 issue 16, pp. 475–484.
  • Replica . In: Die Zukunft , Berlin 1878, 1st year 1877/78 issue 18, pp. 539-540.
  • Intellectual work in the socialistically organized state . In: Die Zukunft , Berlin 1878, 1st year 1877/78 issue 19, pp. 569-577.
  • ***: Reviews of the socialist movement in Germany, critical aphorisms . In: Yearbook for Social Science and Social Policy. Ed. by Ludwig Richter vol. 1, Ferdinand Körber, Zurich-Oberstrass 1879
  • Karl Bürkli and Karl Marx . In: The Workers' Voice . Zurich December 24th and December 31st, 1881.
  • Don't shake it off, just prove it! . In: The Workers' Voice . Zurich January 21 and January 28, 1882.
  • K. Kautsky and Rodbertus. In: The New Time . 2nd year Stuttgart 1884, pp. 481-493. Digitized
  • Answer to Mr Kautsky. In: The New Time. Stuttgart. 3rd year 1885, pp. 218-224. Digitized

Insurance documents (selection)

  • CA Schramm / Julius Hermann: Draft for a response to the management of the Association of German Railway Administrations on their latest draft regulations . Meinhold, Dresden 1861
  • On the criticism of the hail insurance system . JC Huber, Berlin 1876
  • The hail damage. Practical instructions for the proper assessment and regulation of hail damage . Charlottenburg 1878 (5th, significantly presumed and linked edition by Th. Schröter, Zurich 1902)
  • The state of distress in agriculture, its causes and a remedy . Aarau 1881
  • The agricultural cooperative system a commission report, reimbursed to the Society of Swiss Farmers . Zürcher & Furrer, Zurich 1883
  • On the hail insurance issue in Switzerland . Zurich 1886
  • The subsidy of the hail insurance by the federal government . Schablitz, Zurich 1888
  • Mr. Hans Feller . (Open letter, lithograph) Zurich April 15, 1894
  • The contractual penalty at the Swiss Hagel Insurance Company . Zurich March 9, 1895
  • For defense! Open letter to Councilor von Steiger in Bern. J. Schabelitz, Zurich 1897
  • For clarification about the Swiss hail insurance company . Swiss Hail Insurance Company, Zurich 1897
  • The Swiss hail insurance company in court . In: Austrian Insurance Newspaper. International Assecuranz -Organ . Vol. 27, 1900, No. 42 of October 20, 1900
  • Hail damage to potatoes . In: Austrian Insurance Newspaper. International Assecurancy Organ . Vol. 27, 1900, No. 42 of October 20, 1900 ', pp. 1–2

literature

  • H. Dietzel: Karl Rodbertus. Representation of his life . First department. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1886 digitized
  • Carl August Schramm . In: Oesterreichische Revue. Organ of the insurance and national economy . Edited by S. Loewenberg. Vienna XXX. Vol. 37 of September 11, 1905, pp. 212-214
  • Eduard Bernstein : Social Democratic Apprenticeship Years . Der Bücherkreis, Berlin 1928, pp. 146–152
  • Heinzpeter Thümmler: Socialist Law § 28. Expulsions and expulsions 1878–1890 . Topos Verlag, Vaduz / Liechtenstein 1979, p. 229
  • In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to July 1985 . Editing Ursula Hermann, Wilfried Henze and Gudrun Hofmann. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 69, 108, 113, 118, 157, 188, 234, 278, 308 and 422
  • Inge Werchan et al: The work of Marx and Engels in the German social democracy (1869–1895). Bibliography . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1979
  • Ursula Herrmann (Ed.): Letters of a marriage. August and Julie Bebel . Dietz Verlag, Bonn 1997, ISBN 3-8012-0243-7
  • Angela Graf: JHW Dietz 1843–1922. Publisher of the Social Democrats . JHW Dietz Successor, Bonn 1998 p. 93 ISBN 3-8012-4089-4
  • Walter Euchner , Helga Grebing , FJ Stegmann et al. (Ed.): History of social ideas in Germany. Socialism - Catholic social teaching - Protestant social ethics. A manual . 2nd edition, VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-531-14752-8

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cathedral preacher in Bremen and author z. B. from: To the renewal of Christianity. A selection from his writings. Dr. Rudolf Schramm, former cathedral preacher in Bremen . Bibliographical Office, Berlin 1892.
  2. ^ Confirmation slip from Carl Schramm.
  3. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and Berlin, Item 13 of March 29, 1861, p. 111 .
  4. ^ Schramm Carl (August) . In: Matriculation edition of the University of Zurich (1880–1882).
  5. ↑ "Dr. Carl August Schramm, head of department and authorized signatory of Leopold Cassella & Co., Ges.mbH, Mainkur, passed away on April 29th after a long and serious suffering ”. In: Chemiker Zeitung . Vol. 43, 1919, p. 259.
  6. ↑ Cost accounting of the Royal City Court of Cologne for CA Schramm regarding leaving the church. March 27, 1874
  7. ↑ Royal Police Headquarters Berlin. With deportation order of November 29, 1878.
  8. ↑ Treaty of December 7, 1879.
  9. ^ Recognition of the cantonal citizenship at CA Schramm. November 15, 1881 and civil rights certificate from the municipality of Pfäffikon for CA Schramm, Mrs. Schramm and Schramm jr. October 9, 1881.
  10. ↑ Complaint to the ordinary general meeting of the Swiss hail insurance company in spring 1902 about the management of the board of directors, namely the president, Mr. Lutz in Zurich . Jakob Lutz, Zurich 1901.
  11. ^ Historical and critical remarks on the administration of the Swiss Hagel Insurance Company . Huber & Co., Frauenfeld 1903
  12. ↑ Plaid by the High Court of the Canton of Zurich in the matter of Gottfried Gugolz and comrades in Männedorf against the Swiss Hagel Insurance Company . J. Schabelitz, Zurich 1898
  13. ^ Draft for a report on the trial of the Männedorfer members against our society (Swiss Hagel Insurance Company in Zurich) . Zurich 1900.
  14. ↑ Sources for this section are taken from the Oesterreichische Revue and the Carl August Schramm estate in the IISG , Amsterdam.
  15. ↑ The balance. Weekly journal for politics and literature. Edited by Dr. Guido Weiß, Berlin 1873–1879.
  16. ↑ H. Dietzel, pp. 79-80.
  17. ↑ "(...) the insurance employee CA Schramm, who enjoyed great popularity as a collaborator on the various party newspapers and as a speaker because of the unusual clarity with which he treated economic theories and who was also a valued advisor to the party in administrative matters (...) ". Eduard Bernstein: History of the Berlin workers' movement . First part, Berlin 1907, p. 338.
  18. ↑ In bourgeois circles ... ... . In: Frankfurter Zeitung and Handelsblatt. No. 361 of December 27, 1878. (Abendblatt), p. 1. (Carl August Schramm Nachlass 36).
  19. ↑ ***: Retrospectives on the socialist movement in Germany, critical aphorisms
  20. ↑ Circular letter ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Marx-Engels works. Vol. 19, pp. 150-166 and Vol. 34, pp. 394-408.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ml-werke.de
  21. ↑ K. Kautsky and Rodbertus .
  22. ↑ A replica .
  23. ↑ My open letter to Dr. Max Hirsch with answer and reply.
  24. ↑ Marx-Engels-Werke Vol. 34, p. 573.
  25. ↑ Ursula Hermann: August and Julie Bebel. Letters of a marriage . JHW Dietz Successor, Bonn 1997, p. 255.
  26. ^ Reprint: Kessinger Pub Co 2010, ISBN 1-161-14576-1 .
  27. ↑ Reviewed and criticized by Eduard Bernstein in: Der Sozialdemokrat of January 21, 28 and February 5 and 12, 1886
  28. ^ Central Law Library . University of Hamburg Signature: VR Bf 24.
personal data
SURNAME Schramm, Carl August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schramm, CA
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist and socialist and Swiss insurance employee
DATE OF BIRTH March 11, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Mittenwalde
DATE OF DEATH March 18, 1905
Place of death Mainkur