The future

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Under the title Die Zukunft , two revolutionary social democratic magazines with an anarchist orientation were published in Vienna between 1879 and 1884 and from 1892 to 1896.

The future (1879–1884)

On October 4, 1879, Die Zukunft was founded in Vienna as probably the first socialist magazine with an anarchist tendency as an organ of the Social Democratic Workers' Party in Austria . It was a publication forum for the Radical Workers Party (RAP), integrated into Austrian social democracy. The different subtitles: Social Democratic Organ, Central Organ of the Social Democratic Workers' Party Austria and Organ of the Revolutionary Socialists of Austria were chosen deliberately in order to avoid the terms anarchism and anarchist . In 1881, the editorial board member Josef Peukert represented more of an anarchist point of view, which individual articles clearly expressed. The editors changed constantly. Among them were Josef Hybes , Franz Motz, Anton Christoph, Franz Gams and Johann Rismann (who later also became one of the editors of Die Zukunft , 1894). As with the magazine of the same name, which appeared later, many issues were also confiscated during this period. The editors of Die Zukunft were forced to leave entire columns in the editions without text and to mark them with the word “confiscated”.

After the attacks by Hermann Stellmacher and Anton Kammerer on police detectives, Parliament granted the police power of attorney in January 1884 to expel suspicious persons without any justification and to forbid meetings and magazines from opening letters. On January 24, 1884, the magazine was suppressed together with the Czech Dělnické Listy . In order to keep The Future in Hungary published, the editorial team was relocated to Budapest and then smuggled to Austria. Due to some arrests in March 1884, only one issue was published that was directly confiscated. The radical and social revolutionary circles that had been strong until then were decisively weakened by the arrest of many activists and the ban on Die Zukunft .

The future (1892-1896)

As the successor to the journal Die Arbeit , another publication was published on August 27, 1892 under the title The Future . As the party journal of the Independent Socialists , it was a forum for economic, political and cultural discussions and, according to Max Nettlau, a journal in which anarchist ideas were theoretically openly discussed (M. Nettlau, History of Anarchy ). Among the editors were Josef Lax (Klagenfurt), Ferdinand Barth (Vienna) and Johann Rismann (already co-editor of Die Zukunft 1879). The sheet appeared twice a month with an edition of 2000 copies. Although the subtitle was Socialist Monthly and did not directly indicate the term anarchist, almost all editions were confiscated. The editor Samuel David Friedländer was arrested after the publication of a Chicago commemorative edition , No. 6 of November 12, 1892, and sentenced to 18 months in prison and expelled from Lower Austria. The co-editor Cajatan Valenci suffered the same fate. Due to several critical articles, he was imprisoned for six months and expelled from Vienna. As early as 1884 around 500 activists from the labor movement were arrested or expelled. This was not without consequences for the new magazine. Various people were used as so-called "editors" with the result that they were sentenced to prison. The party of the Independent Socialists and its language organ, Die Zukunft, were central offices in the Austrian workers' movement for clear demarcation from a state social democracy.

The Independent Socialists published other magazines for support and information . In Salzburg the Allgemeine Zeitung ; Freedom in Graz - Graz ; Volne Listy in the Czech language in Vienna and in Yiddish the workers' voice .

The Future (Philadelphia 1884-1885)

The Future , United Groups of the Philadelphia and Vicinity International Workers' Association. Organ of the anarchist opposition to Johann Most . Ed .: Henry Grau, Philadelphia (USA); published from February 1884 to February 1885.

literature

  • Anna Staudacher: The future. Organ of the revolutionary socialists . Monte Verita publishing house 1992. ISBN 3-900434-35-2
  • Max Nettlau: History of Anarchy . Newly published by Heiner Becker. In collaboration with the International Institute for Social History ( IISG , Amsterdam). Library Thélème, Münster 1993. 1st edition, reprint of the edition Verlag Der Syndikalist , Berlin 1927.
    • Volume 3 : Pages: 318, 321, 324, 335 and 382. About the future, Vienna 1879 - 1884 . ISBN 3-930819-00-7
      • Volume 5 : Page 281f. About the future, Vienna 1892 - 1896

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See on this: Anna Staudacher, Die Zukunft. Organ of the revolutionary socialists .
  2. ↑ Max Nettlau: Anarchists and Social Revolutionaries . ASY-Verlag, Berlin 1931, p. 324.
  3. ↑ See The Future 1879–1884: Max Nettlau, History of Anarchy , Volume 3
  4. ↑ See Die Zukunft 1892–1896: Max Nettlau, History of Anarchy , Volume 5