Adolf Hepner

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Adolf Hepner (photography around the mid-1870s)

Adolf Hepner (born November 24, 1846 in Schmiegel ( Posen ); † April 26, 1923 in Munich ) was a German Social Democrat ( SPD ), publisher , journalist and co-defendant in the Leipzig high treason trial . He also used the pseudonym A. Ephren .

youth

Hepner came from a middle-class Jewish family: his father was a master baker. He attended elementary school in Schmiegel, and since 1859 the high school in Lissa (Posen). From 1863 to 1866 Hepner studied at the Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau , a rabbinical seminary . After he had turned away from theology, he graduated from high school in Gnesen in 1867. He then studied philosophy and economics at the University of Breslau and in Berlin. In Breslau he worked as a bookseller and publisher .

Politics and journalism

At that time he was studying the writings of Ferdinand Lassalle . In the summer of 1869 he became a member of the Democratic Workers' Association in Berlin. He got to know August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht and soon became their closest collaborator. He took part in the founding congress of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) in Eisenach in 1869. He worked as a journalist for the social democratic central organ Der Volksstaat and became the second editor of this paper in Leipzig at the end of December 1869.

Adolf Hepner (2nd from right), Wilhelm Liebknecht (standing in the middle on the witness stand), and August Bebel (1st from right) as defendants in the Leipzig high treason trial

With Bebel and Liebknecht he was arrested in his function as a member of the editorial team of Der Volksstaat . He was as innocent as a newborn child , as Bebel noted. In the Leipzig high treason trial from March 11th to 26th, 1872, he was charged with Bebel and Liebknecht, he was in his position as editor of Der Volksstaat . He was the only one acquitted.

Despite the prohibition of Leipzig Police Director Rüder from attending the International Workers 'Congress of the International Workers' Association in the Hague in September 1872 (with the threat of four weeks in prison for violations), Hepner took part in this congress as a delegate with a mandate from the Regensburg section . Here he met Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels and Josef Dietzgen personally. In his speech in The Hague on September 6, 1872, he led a. a. from: “not only 'Down with Napoleon!', but also 'Down with Bismarck !' We German workers, at least, are convinced that the commune has largely fallen through lack of authority! ”Later he went to prison. The chief of police was particularly interested in Hepner because he had attacked him personally. Hepner was expelled from Leipzig in the spring of 1873. He wanted to stay in the vicinity of Leipzig, but was driven out of the individual districts one by one by Rüder in Leipzig until he had to leave Saxony. Since Hepner was punished for a press offense , he could be expelled from his place of residence for a year, like every other convict in Saxony.

In addition, there were conflicts with the party committee and in particular with Theodor Yorck . Bebel described Hepner and Yorck as dogged opponents. In 1873, Hepner resigned from the editorial staff of Der Volksstaat .

Hepner moved back to Breslau and founded the publishing house 'A. Hepner's Breslau. ' This publisher mainly published religious Jewish literature.

In 1882, like many of his comrades , he emigrated to the United States of America because of the repression of social democracy under the Socialist Act . In 1886 he moved to St. Louis . There he edited the St. Louis Tageblatt from 1888 to 1898 , a newspaper that was supported by various German-speaking trade unions. After the Tageblatt was discontinued, he wrote for the West Post St. Louis . During his time in the USA he was also active as a writer and as a socialist journalist. His book “The Icarians in North America”, in which he deals with the ideas of Charles Fourier on the basis of Friedrich Engels' Anti-Dühring , should be highlighted .

In 1908 he returned to Germany. Hepner wrote numerous articles for Die Neue Zeit , the Socialist Monthly Issues , the Austrian “Der Kampf” and others. For “Die Neue Zeit” he wrote z. B. "Chicago World Exhibition Letter" or " Schopenhauer on death. Judging by the philosophy of life of socialism ”. For the “Socialist Monthly Bullets”: “The Italian Law for the Protection of Women and Children”, “Vom Deutschtum in Amerika” or “ Dynamit and Unions in Amerika”. What prompted him to translate Fishberg's “The Racial Characteristics of the Jews” from English remains unclear due to a lack of sources. In the book Josef Dietzgen's Philosophical Teachings , he followed the interpretations of his son Eugen Dietzgen . In the following years he took a “majority socialist standpoint”, as he wrote in his 1920 paper on the Bavarian Soviet Republic .

Fonts (selection)

  • Warning to the Jews of Berlin on the upcoming election of representatives and appointment as a rabbi . Hermann, Berlin 1868. Online
  • The political demi-moons . F. Thiele in commission, Leipzig 1870.
  • The Leipzig 'Tageblatt'. At the same time a general presentation of Bonaparte's connection with the bourgeoisie . F. Thiele in commission, Leipzig 1870.
  • My 3 1/2 year old Leipzig police campaign. Cheerful and serious, publicistic and legal aspects at the same time contribute to the characteristics of our current political situation . Wilhelm Bracke jun., Braunschweig 1874.
  • A. Ephren: Four questions of time in a new treatment . A. Hepner's Verlag, Breslau 1881
  • August Bebel: The goals of the labor movement . After the 6th edition, critically revised and edited. by Ad. Hepner. Hepner, New York 1883
  • The Icarians in North America. A warning against the establishment of communist colonies . Rossenberg, Oehler, New York 1886 Online
  • November 11, 1887. How far does it affect the non-anarchist working-class world? . United Workers Organizations, New York 1890. Online
  • Extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction and its effect on American citizens . Government print office, Washington 1890. Digitized
  • Good night Shatz. A realistic joke and ernest in one act . St. Louis News, St. Louis 1894 (English and American drama of the nineteenth century)
  • Gambling communities. Authority of law and law authorities under the charm of 'Nickel Slots' in Saloons. A socialistic treatise . St. Louis, Mo., Adolph Hepner, St. Louis 1894 Online
  • Jesus and the Jews . New York 1903
  • Centenary of ' Faust ' attribution: Goethe 's 'Dedication' of 'Faust'. On the 24th of June, 1897. The German Text with an Introductory, a correct Interlineary Translation and copious notes. By Adolf Hepner. Editor 'St. Louis Tageblatt ' . St. Louis, Mon. 1897. Digitized
  • America's aid to Germany 1870-1871. An abstract from the official correspondence of EB Washburne , US Ambassador to Paris. America's aid to Germany in 1870-71. The English text, with a German translation, and prefaced by Adolf Hepner . St. Louis 1905. Digitized
  • Protection of the Germans in France in 1870 and 1871. Exchange of letters by the United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary for France EB Washburne in Paris from July 17, 1870 to June 29, 1871. From the diplomatic files of the Government of the United States of America. Selected, translated and provided with an introduction by A. Hepner . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1907
  • Presidential election and the proletariat in the United States . In: Der Kampf , Vienna 1909, pp. 60–64.
  • Morris Hillquit : Socialism, Its Theory and Its Practice. Edition reviewed by the author, translated by Adolf Hepner . E. Reinhardt, Munich 1911
  • Maurice Fishberg : The racial characteristics of the Jews. An introduction to their anthropology. Translated by Adolf Hepner . E. Reinhardt, Munich 1913. English edition online
  • Josef Dietzgen's philosophical teachings. With a portrait by Josef Dietzgen . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1916. (= International Library 58) (2nd edition 1922)
  • Dr. Kurt Eisner . On the anniversary of the founding of the Bavarian Republic. Bavaria's first republican prime minister. A critical appreciation of the politician Eisner from the majority socialist point of view . Gebbert, Munich 1919.
  • Goethe and Dietzgen . 1920.
  • Between 1894 and 1901, Hepner published 14 articles in the journal “Die Neue Zeit”.
  • Between 1908 and 1920, Hepner published 14 articles in the “Sozialistische Monatshefte”.

"A. Hepner's Verlag Breslau "

  • Benedict Zuckermann: The math in the Talmud. Illumination and explanation of the Talmudic passages with mathematical content . 1878.
  • Falk Cohn: Israelite religious schools alongside higher education institutions. A contribution to the history of the German school system 1878 online
  • Fanny Neuda: hours of devotion. Prayer book for girls and young women of the Israelite faith . 2. verb. Ed. 1878.
  • Siegmund Maybaum: Festival and occasional sermons. by S. Maybaum, rabbi of the Israelite religious community in Saaz . 1878.
  • Rothschild: Prayer and Religion Booklet for the First Israelite Youth . 1879.
  • Ludwig August Frankl: Lebanon. A poetic family book . 1880.
  • Juliusz Roger: Pieśni ludu polskiego w Górnym Szląsku . 1880.
  • C. Zander: Handbooks on Prussian administrative practice. Handbook of police and tax regulations on the operation of the inn and tavern as well as the retail trade in spirits in the Prussian state . Vol. 1. 1880.
  • C. Zander: Handbooks on Prussian administrative practice. Handbook, containing the law of June 11, 1874 on the expropriation of real estate along with additions and explanations. Vol. 2, 1881.

literature

  • Leipzig treason trial. Detailed report on the negotiations of the jury court in Leipzig in the trial against Liebknecht, Bebel and Hepner for preparation for high treason from November 11-26. March 1872. With the indignant final defense speeches of the accused and a final characteristic of the whole process. Edited by the defendants . People's State, Leipzig 1872
  • August Bebel: From my life. Second part. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1946 (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition. Stuttgart, 1911). Online edition at Zeno.org
  • Theodor Müller (Ed.): 45 leaders from the beginnings and the heroic age of the Breslau social democracy . Robert Hermann, Breslau 1925, pp. 82–83 digitized .
  • Jutta Seidel : Hepner, Adolf . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 199-200
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht. Correspondence with German Social Democrats. 1862-1878 . Vol. 1. Ed. And edit by Georg Eckert . Van Gorcum & Comp., Assen 1973 ISBN 90-232-0858-7
  • Frederick T. Haneman: Hepner, Adolf . In: Jewish Encyclopedia , 12 volumes, 1901 to 1906. Online version (English)
  • Hepner, Adolf. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 11: Hein – Hirs. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-22691-8 , pp. 93-97.

Notes / individual evidence

  1. ↑ History of the German Labor Movement , Volume 1, From the Beginnings of the German Labor Movement to the End of the 19th Century . Author collective: Walter Ulbricht u. A., Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1966, after p. 352
  2. ↑ August Bebel: From my life. Second part. , Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1946, unaltered reprint of the 1st edition 1911, p. 172
  3. ↑ 'Dr. R. Rüder 'from 1867–1881 police director in Leipzig.
  4. ^ In his memoirs , Part Two, p. 242, August Bebel mentions four weeks , and Jutta Seidel in History of the German Labor Movement four months .
  5. ^ The First International in Germany . Berlin 1964, p. 673.
  6. ^ The First International in Germany . Berlin 1964, pp. 674-675.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Blos: Memories of a Social Democrat . 1. Vol. Munich 1914, p. 146.
  8. ↑ August Bebel: From my life. Second part. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1946, p. 243.
  9. ↑ Ed. By the St. Louis Workingman's Publishing Association April 30, 1888 to July 1898.
  10. ↑ This newspaper existed from 1857 to 1938.
  11. ↑ Jasper Schaaf: Josef Dietzgen in the Dutch labor movement . In: 'Our Philosopher' Josef Dietzgen . Frankfurt am Main 1980, p. 167.
  12. ↑ After Jutta Seidel: Hepner, Adolf. In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, p. 199.
  13. ↑ Anagram from Adolf Hepner
  14. ^ List of works relating to the history and condition of the Jews in various countries . New York 1914.
  15. ^ Translation of Bebel's work “Our Goals”.
  16. ↑ Reviewed by Max Beer in Die Neue Zeit . 29.1910-1911, 2nd volume (1911), issue 35, pp. 305-307. On-line
  17. ↑ Retrieve person with Adolf Hepner using the search function .
  18. ↑ Retrieve person with Adolf Hepner using the search function .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hepner, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hepner, Adolph; Ephren, A. (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German social democrat, publisher and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH November 24, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Schmiegel, circle costs , poses
DATE OF DEATH April 26, 1923
Place of death Munich