Wilhelm Blos

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Wilhelm Blos

Wilhelm Josef Blos (born October 5, 1849 in Wertheim ; † July 6, 1927 in Stuttgart-Cannstatt ) was a German journalist , historian , writer and politician . Blos was a member of the Reichstag for the SPD and the first state president of the People's State of Württemberg . As a journalist he was the first responsible editor ( seat editor ) of the satirical magazine Der Wahre Jacob . He wrote for the True Jacob under the pseudonym Hans Flux , and one font appeared under the pseudonym A. Titus .

Life

When his father, the country doctor Aloys Blos, died, Wilhelm was seven years old. The stepfather abused him. From 1863 he lived with his grandparents and attended the Lyceum in Wertheim. He later successfully sued his stepfather for inheritance fraud. Wilhelm broke off a commercial apprenticeship in Mannheim , took his Abitur and from 1868 studied history and philology at the University of Freiburg . There he joined the Corps Rhenania Freiburg .

However, after three semesters, he simply broke off the course due to financial difficulties and became a journalist. Until 1875 he worked for changing magazines, some of which were social democratic. The short time with the Konstanzer Volksfreund brought him an indictment of a press offense. In Nuremberg he became a member of the SDAP in 1872 . In Eisenach he met August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht . Since Bebel, Liebknecht and Adolf Hepner were arrested, Blos was supposed to take over the editorial work at the Volksstaat . While working on the People's State , Blos was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for a press offense in 1874. He met Karl Marx in 1874 after serving his sentence.

In 1875 he founded the Mainz Eulenspiegel , a weekly satirical magazine, in Mainz . He was shortly tried again and arrested. At the Gotha Unification Congress in May 1875, Blos, then living in Mainz, represented 125 party members from Mainz and Gartenfeld . In the Reichstag elections in 1877 and 1881 , he won the Reuss older line constituency for the SPD.

From autumn 1875 on, Blos worked in Hamburg for the Hamburg-Altonaer Volksblatt, newly founded by Wilhelm Hasselmann . He held the position of editor alongside the working-class poet Jacob Audorf (1875–1877) until 1880. Blos also worked on the court newspaper alongside Ignaz Auer . The passing of the Socialist Law on October 19, 1878, however, ended the publication of many social democratic magazines. In the more liberal Hamburg, however, its implementation was still delayed. In 1879, through the publisher Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz , Blos was the first “responsible” editor of the monthly satirical magazine Der Wahr Jacob , which had to cease publication at the end of the year. After the imposition of the minor state of siege on October 29, 1880, Blos, Auer and other Social Democrats were expelled from Hamburg and Prussia by the Reich authorities .

Portrait relief of Wilhelm Blos on his tombstone in Stuttgart

After stays in Mainz and Bremen, Dietz brought him to Stuttgart in 1883, where the Social Democrats were less severely persecuted. There he also worked as a proofreader for Die Neue Zeit . Only in 1884 did he write a “Political Rundschau” every month 'quasi officially' under the abbreviation “WB”.

In the steam subsidy dispute (1884/1885) within the Social Democratic parliamentary group in the Reichstag, Blos was a staunch supporter of this law. He was a member of the so-called “Press Gallows Commission”, which wanted to censor the content of the Zurich social democrat . As early as 1881 he had said in the Reichstag: “That there are two parties among us, so to speak, one moderate and one extreme or revolutionary, as he called them. I would like to make this division a little different. Rather, it is the two parties, one foreign and one local; that is how it will be. ”The conservative author W. Krieter wrote in 1887:“ Messrs. Geiser , Blos and Frohme , whose intellectual products are mostly published in Dietz's magazines, have the same interest. [...] The many years of practice of this moderate notation naturally also has an impact on the way of thinking itself. "

From 1884 Der Wahre Jacob was reissued in Stuttgart. Just wrote a few articles, satires, and poems for this paper. The Berliner Volksblatt led him from 1884 to 1890 as the seat editor , who was responsible for cases involving the prosecution. On January 1, 1891, the central organ of the SPD Berliner Volksblatt appeared in Berlin . Central organ of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . Editor-in-chief was Wilhelm Liebknecht . Blos was co-editor of the newspaper for a short time.

In the Reichstag elections from 1884 to 1912 he was elected, with interruptions, as a member of the Braunschweig1 - Blankenburg constituency. According to his own statement, Blos "did not shine among the parliamentary stars [...]". From the 1890s onwards, Blos pleaded politically for an alliance with the liberals and committed himself to reformism .

In 1890 the socialist law was repealed and he devoted himself to his historical research. His publications include two novels with a socially critical tendency, translations, works on the revolution of 1848/49, on the peasant war and the autobiographical works Memories of a Social Democrat and From the Monarchy to the People's State . Horst Krause comes to the conclusion: "His historiography did not identify him as a great scientist [...] that he was not only attested to be competent in historical questions by important personalities of his party and beyond party lines, but that he had a broad audience and […] helped shape the political consciousness of his contemporaries. ”In 1905 he married Anna Blos , who was a member of the state executive committee of the SPD Württemberg.

Blos was an active and conditional supporter of the approval of war credits on August 4, 1914, as well as the truce policy of the SPD parliamentary group.

After the November Revolution, Wilhelm Blos took over the government on November 9, 1918 as Prime Minister (from 1919 with the official title of State President ) and Foreign Minister of the free People's State of Württemberg . Wilhelm Blos had never aspired to the office of Prime Minister, at this point he had already withdrawn from active politics and concentrated on his journalistic activities. On November 9, 1918, he had only wanted to accompany his wife Anna Blos to a meeting of the state executive committee of the SPD Württemberg. The fact that Blos was chosen was probably due to his moderate political stance, which at that moment gave him integrative power and secured him the approval of both the bourgeois forces and the radical democrats as well as the social democrats and the councils. The government was initially only formed by the SPD and the USPD . On November 11th, bourgeois ministers also joined Blos' government. On November 30, 1918, King Wilhelm II of Württemberg abdicated. On January 12, 1919, the election for the state constituent assembly took place, which confirmed Blos in office. In June 1920 the Social Democrats suffered a severe defeat in the first regular state election , which led to Blos resigning. Johannes von Hieber became his successor as President of Württemberg .

In his writing Marx or Bakunin? Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Democracy or Dictatorship? "[He] even ventured to a striking equation of Bolshevism and Bakunism." Wilhelm Keil's memoirs, along with Blos' memories, are among the noteworthy representations of the social democratic revolution for Württemberg. In this work Wilhelm Blos admits at the beginning: “The now occurring split in the social democracy was in itself to be regretted. It paralyzed the party's power to act to a large extent. But it also brought the inestimable benefit that all the hyporadicals, and with them the Krakehler, who had disturbed and confused inner party life for many years, were suddenly outside. [...] All the incessant whining about the split seemed exaggerated [...]. There I demanded the replacement of the 'senile' Erfurt party program with a contemporary one , which unfortunately was only carried out late. "

After his end of office on June 23, 1920, Blos withdrew into private life. He and his wife Anna found themselves in difficult financial circumstances, since after his resignation he only received a “petty” pension. "Withdrawn and disappointed in his party," Wilhelm Blos died on July 6, 1927 in Stuttgart.

Honors

Street sign in Hamburg-Horn

Together with his wife, he is the namesake of Blosweg and Blostwiete in Hamburg-Horn , Wilhelm-Blos-Straße in Ludwigsburg , Wilhelm-Blos-Straße in Wertheim am Main and in Berlin-Mahlsdorf .

Works

Grave of Wilhelm Blos in the Pragfriedhof in Stuttgart

Independent writings

  • Blood and iron . The origin of the war of 1866 after Lamarmora's revelations and the dispute between Bismarck and Lamarmora . Rübner, Chemnitz 1874.
  • On the history of the Paris Commune . Cooperative book printing company, Nuremberg 1874. (2nd edition Wilhelm Bracke Jr., Braunschweig 1876)
  • Our press conditions . Cooperative book printing company, Nuremberg 1874.
  • The Mainz Revolution in 1792 and 1793 . Depicted according to sources . Cooperative book printing company, Nuremberg 1875.
  • A. Titus: The King of Corsica. A romantic poetry. Kriebel, Hamburg 1881.
  • The French Revolution . Popular presentation of the events and conditions in France from 1789 to 1804. JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1888. (2nd edition 1890; 3rd edition 1906; 4th edition 1910; 5th edition 1920; 6th edition 1921; 7th edition 1922; 8th edition 1923)
    • Francuzskaja revoljucija. Istoriceskii obzor sobytij i obestv. sostojanija vo Francii s 1789-1804 g . Stasjulevi, S.-Peterburg 1895. (In Cyrillic script , Russian )
    • Francuzskaja revoljucija. Istoriceskii obzor sobytij i obestv. sostojanija vo Francii s 1789-1804 g . Perev. GF L'vovia. Al'tuler.Izd. 3. S.-Peterburg 1906. (In Cyrillic script, Russian)
  • Dr. W. Zimmermann's Great German Peasants' War , ed. by Wilhelm Blos. Illustrated by Victor Schivert and OE Lau . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1891 digitized
  • Rothenburg Days. A story from a stormy time . Trenkle, Rothenburg ob d. Tauber 1892.
  • The end of the song. Social novel. Heinrich Minden, Dresden and Leipzig 1892.
  • The German Revolution . History of the German movement from 1848 and 1849. Illustrated by Otto E. Lau . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1893 (2nd edition 1898; 3rd edition 1906; 4th edition 1920; 5th edition 1922; 6th edition 1923).
  • Philipp Buonarroti : Babeuf and the conspiracy for equality, with the process they initiated and the pieces of evidence . Translated and introduced by Anna and Wilhelm Blos. JHW Dietz Nachf., Stuttgart 1909. (= International Library 49) Digitized version (also a review by Hermann Wendel .)
  • Memories of General Franz Sigel from 1848 and 1849 . Edited by Wilhelm Blos. Bensheimer, Mannheim 1902. Digitized
  • The principle rider. A story from 1848 . Grübel & Sommerlatte, Leipzig 1902. (Review.)
  • Father Ambrosius. Character image from the Franconian Peasants' War . A historical study. G. Birk & Co., Munich 1906. Digitized book title (also a review by Franz Mehring )
  • The outlaws. Social policy novel from the time of the Socialist Law . First volume. Bookstore Volksstimme G. Maier & Co., Frankfurt am Main 1907. (Reprint: Union Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt, Frankfurt am Main 1989)
  • Baden revolutionary stories from the years 1848 and 1849. Verlag der Parteibuchhandlung, Mannheim 1910. (Review.)
  • The new era . Verlag "Internationale Korrespondenz" (A. Baumeister), Berlin 1916. MDZ Reader
  • Memories of a Social Democrat . Digitized by Zeno.org
    • First volume . G. Birk & Co., Munich 1914.
    • Second volume . G. Birk & Co., Munich 1919.
  • Marx or Bakunin ? Democracy or Dictatorship? A pamphlet against the forerunner of Bolshevism . Contemporary new edition of the reports to the Socialist International on Michael Bakunin by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . With a foreword and explanations, edited by Wilhelm Blos. Volksverlag für Wirtschaft und Verkehr, Stuttgart 1920. (on this review by Heinrich Cunow )
  • Wilhelm Blos, Paul Hahn : Memories from the upheaval . Berger's literary office and publishing house, Stuttgart 1923.
  • From the monarchy to the people's state. On the history of the revolution in Germany, especially in Württemberg. 2 volumes, Bergers Literarisches Büro u. Verlaganstalt, Stuttgart 1922–1923 digitized version (only volume 1)
  • Florian Geyer . Life and character from the great peasant war. JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin 1924. (= The small series . Volume 3)
  • The fall of the Frankfurt Parliament . Societäts-Druckerei, Frankfurt am Main 1924. (= The Paulskirche. A series of publications 10)

Articles (selection)

  • Neva and Bosphorus . In: Hamburg-Altonaer Volksblatt . No. 150 of December 16, 1877.
  • WB: Viennese poets during the year 1848 . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 1 (1883), No. 10, pp. 465-472. Digitized
  • Florian Geyer. Life and character from the great peasant war .
    • In: The new time . Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 2, pp. 58-65. Digitized
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 3, pp. 108-116. Digitized
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 4, pp. 165-174. Digitized
  • Ludwig Börne . For the secular celebration of his birth .
    • The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 6, pp. 264-270. Digitized
    • The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 7, pp. 326-333. Digitized
  • The social novel. A critical chat . The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 4 (1886), No. 9, pp. 424-428. Digitized
  • The Frankfurt Parliament. A historical-critical study
    • The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 1, pp. 21-28. Digitized
    • The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 2, pp. 70-78. Digitized
    • The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 3, pp. 114-122. Digitized
  • WB: The pension scheme for workers . The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 5, pp. 228-234. Digitized
  • WB: From old Becker . In memory of a veteran of the labor movement . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 7, pp. 298-306. Digitized
  • From the good old days. Workers and workers life four hundred years ago .
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 10, pp. 432-442. Digitized
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 5 (1887), No. 11, pp. 493-502. Digitized
  • WB: Haze. About the characteristics of our modern German fiction . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 6 (1888), No. 1, pp. 34-41. Digitized
  • WB: Master Timpe. Social novel by Max Kretzer . (Berlin 1888.) . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 6 (1888), No. 12, pp. 574-576. Digitized
  • WB: Gold and blood, or how can the current hardship of the German subsistence level, especially of the farmer, the craftsman, the factory worker, be legally abolished? Speech given on August 23, 1885 in the Tonhalle in Villingen by Dr. theol. Herm. Sevin, professor at the grammar school in Constance. Freiburg, Herder'sche Verlagbuchhandlung 1885 . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 6 (1888), No. 4, pp. 187-189. Digitized
  • WB: Put down your arms! A life story of Bertha von Suttner . 2 volumes. Dresden and Leipzig, E. Pierson's publishing house . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 8 (1890), No. 3, pp. 140-143. Digitized
  • WB: Friedrich Stoltze 's collected works. Frankfurt a. M. 1892. Publishing house by Heinrich Keller . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 10.1891-92, 2nd vol. (1892), no. 52, pp. 822-824. Digitized
  • A major source of civic education .
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 11.1892-93, Volume 1 (1893), Issue 20, pp. 633-637. Digitized
    • In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 11.1892-93, Volume 1 (1893), Issue 22, pp. 696-699. Digitized
  • Professors as historians . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 11.1892-93, Volume 2 (1893), Issue 28, pp. 19-23. Digitized
  • WB: One clarification . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 15.1896-97, Volume 1 (1897), Issue 14, pp. 439-441. Digitized
  • A German imperial city . In: The new time. Review of intellectual and public life . 18.1899-1900, Volume 1 (1900), Issue 17, pp. 542-546. Digitized
  • Images from Lübeck's past. This is the title of the beautifully appointed and fairly extensive work by our party comrade Theodor Schwartz , which was recently published by Friedrich Meyer & Co. in Lübeck . In: The new time . Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 24.1905-1906, Volume 1 (1906), Issue 13, pp. 439-440. Digitized
  • Giuseppe Garibaldi . For the hundredth anniversary of his birthday . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 25.1906-1907, 2nd volume (1907), issue 39, pp. 411-423. Digitized
  • In memory of Wilh. Eichhoff . In: Schwäbische Tagwacht 29 (1909). No. 252 of October 29, 1909, p. 4.
  • Hans Flux: 1911 . In: The True Jacob . No. 639 of January 17, 1911, p. 6922. Digitized poem
  • WB: Theodor Schwartz , Hinrich Paternostermaker . A dark leaf from the fourteenth century history of Lübeck. Lübeck, Friedr. Meyer & Co. 112 pages. 60 pfennigs. In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy. 31.1912-1913, 2nd volume (1913), issue 43, pp. 612-613. Digitized
  • WB: From the grave of a forty-eight revolutionary. This is the title of a book from the Gohlke publishing house in Leipzig . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, 1st volume (1914), issue 25, pp. 956-958. Digitized
  • WB: The flight of the Prince of Prussia, later Emperor Wilhelm I. According to the notes of Major O. in the staff of the Prince of Prussia. Stuttgart, Greiner & Pfeiffer . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, 1st volume (1914), issue 24, pp. 916-918. Digitized
  • The Freiligrath legend . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 28.1909-1910, 1st volume (1910), issue 27, pp. 904-908. Digitized
  • The new Russian state . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 36.1917-1918, Volume 1 (1918), Issue 17, pp. 392-397. Digitized
  • Revolution experiments . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 36.1917-1918, Volume 1 (1918), Issue 24, pp. 553-559. Digitized
  • To the Marx celebration. In: Socialist monthly books . Volume 24, Issue 8, 1918, edition of May 1, 1918, pp. 404-406. ( Digitized version )
  • The Kapp Putsch . In: Friedrich Ebert and his time. A memorial to the first President of the German Republic. Glass, Charlottenburg 1927, pp. 279-302

estate

See also

literature

  • Just, Wilhelm Josef. In: Franz Brümmer : Lexicon of German poets and prose writers from the beginning of the 19th century to the present. 6th greatly increased edition, Reclam, Leipzig 1913 digitized .
  • Anna Blos : Wilhelm Blos. In: Yearbook of the historical association Alt-Wertheim. Wertheim 1927, SS 41-45.
  • Fritz Schenk: Critical studies on the memorabilia of a social democrat by Wilhelm Blos. Salach, Kaisser 1932. (Ph.D.Tübingen)
  • Alfred Milatz:  Blos, Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 316 ( digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Blos and Anna Blos . In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism. Volume I. Deceased personalities . JHW Dietz Nachf., Hanover 1960, pp. 26-27.
  • Blos, Wilhelm : In: Wilhelm Kosch : Biographisches Staats Handbuch . Lexicon of politics, press and journalism. Continued by Eugen Kuri. First volume. A. Francke Verlag, Bern and Munich 1963, p. 127.
  • Jutta Seidel : Blos, Wilhelm . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 48-50.
  • Georg Eckert (Hrsg.): Wilhelm Liebknecht correspondence with German social democrats. Volume I. 1862-1878 . Van Gercum & Comp., Assen 1973. (= Sources and studies on the history of the German and Austrian labor movement. New series . Volume IV.) Contains 11 letters from Wilhelm Blos to Wilhelm Liebknecht
  • Dieter Fricke : The German labor movement 1869-1914. A manual about their organization and activity in the class struggle . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1976, pp. 33, 66, 93, 122, 144, 148 f., 152, 368, 381, 417, 513, 556 ff., 562.
  • SPD regional association Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Wilhelm and Anna Blos. Stuttgart 1977.
  • Hans-Joachim Mann: Standing firm before the “swamp of parliamentarism”. The first democratic president of Württemberg died 50 years ago . In: Vorwärts No. 27 of July 7, 1977, p. 29.
  • Horst Krause: Wilhelm Blos. Between Marxism and Democratic Socialism in Historiography and Politics. Matthiesen, Husum 1980 (= historical studies volume 438), ISBN 978-3-7868-1438-2
  • Christof Rieber: Wilhelm Blos (1849–1927). In: Siegfried Bassler (ed.): With us for freedom. 100 years of the SPD in Stuttgart. Stuttgart 1987, pp. 170-174.
  • Konrad Ege: Caricature and image satire in the German Empire. The “True Jacob” Hamburg 1879/80, Stuttgart 1884–1914; Media history, employees, editors-in-chief, graphics. Lit, Münster and Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-88660-807-7
  • Angela Graf: Blos, Wilhelm . In: Manfred Asendorf, Rolf von Bockel (eds.): Democratic ways. German résumés from five centuries . JB Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 1997. ISBN 3-476-01244-1 , pp. 62-64.
  • Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 82 .
  • Reinhard Tenberg: Blos, Wilhelm Joseph : In; Wilhelm Kühlmann (Ed.): Killy Literature Lexicon. Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area . Volume 1. A-Blu . 2., completely revised Ed. De Gruyter, Berlin 2008. ISBN 3-11-018962-3 , p. 591. Digitized
  • Angela Graf: Blos, Wilhelm . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 5 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8353-0640-0 , p. 54-56 .
  • Brodhun, Christoph: Wilhelm Blos . In: Manfred Blänkner, Axel Bernd Kunze (ed.): Red flags, colorful ribbons . Dietz Nachf. GmbH, Bonn 2016. ISBN 978-3-8012-0481-5 , pp. 85-91.

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Blos  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ From September 22nd to 24th, 1874, Marx was in Leipzig with his daughter Eleanor Marx , after having been to a cure in Karlsbad . See: R. Willecke: A memory of Karl Marx . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . 2. Supplement to No. 37 of February 1, 1928 and Wilhelm Blos: Memories of a Social Democrat. First volume . Pp. 163-166.
  2. ↑ Dieter Fricke, p. 93.
  3. ^ Dieter Fricke, pp. 556 and 557.
  4. ↑ Hamburg-Altonaer Volksblatt . October 3, 1875 to no. 131 October 31, 1878, (See also Angela Graf: JHW Dietz . JHW Dietz Successor, Bonn 1998, p. 35 ff.)
  5. ^ Judgment newspaper. Daily newspaper for Hamburg-Altona and the surrounding area . November 10, 1878 to March 31, 1881.
  6. ↑ On December 15, 1929, in the Horn district of Hamburg, Blosweg was named after him. The Audorfring and the Auerszeile are also in the vicinity . After being renamed between 1934 and 1945, the path got its old name back on October 25, 1945. At the same time, an adjacent street was named Blostwiete .
  7. ↑ “Only the 'revisions' of the New Age will not be read again.” (Johann Wilhelm Heinrich Dietz to Friedrich Engels . April 7, 1890. Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe . Department III. Volume 30. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2013, p. 241.)
  8. ^ WB: Politische Rundschau . In: The new time . 2 (1884), No. 1, pp. 33-40; Issue 2, pp. 86-91; Volume 3, pp. 135-142; No. 4, pp. 182-188; No. 5, pp. 230-236; No. 6, pp. 279-283; No. 7, pp. 324-329; . No. 8, pp. 375-379; Volume 9, pp. 422-428; Book 10, pp. 470-474; Issue 11, pp. 518-522 and Issue 12, pp. 565-569.
  9. ↑ Memories of a Social Democrat. Second volume. G. Birk & Co., Munich 1919. Chapter: The steamship subsidy dispute .
  10. ^ In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to July 1885 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977.
  11. ^ Eduard Bernstein to Karl Kautsky April 1, 1885, ( In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to July 1885. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 126.)
  12. ↑ "You have understood: there is only one social democracy". In: To our party comrades and friends abroad . (Signed “Die Partyvertrretung Auer, Bebel Blos […]”.) In: Der Sozialdemokrat from January 22, 1885. Facsimile in: Das Sozialistengesetz. 1878 1890. Illustrated history of the struggle of the working class against the exceptional law . Berlin 1980, p. 179.
  13. ^ Protocols to the Reichstag , 1881 / 82.1. 14th meeting of December 10, 1881 , p. 316.
  14. ^ W. Krieter: The secret organization of the social democratic party . Rathke Magdeburg 1887, p. 49 .
  15. ^ History of the revolutionary Berlin workers' movement . Volume 1. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-320-00825-0 , p. 340.
  16. ↑ Dieter Fricke, pp. 557-562.
  17. ↑ Horst Krause, p. 9.
  18. ↑ "I was of the opinion that under the existing circumstances the rejection of war credits would be a crime against the people and the fatherland". (Wilhelm Blos: From the monarchy to the people's state . Part 1, p. 8.)
  19. ↑ Ulrich Maier: The "True Jacob" as Prime Minister? Wilhelm Blos and the November Revolution of 1918 in Württemberg . In: Swabian homeland . No. 2018/1 , p. 17 - 24 .
  20. ↑ Horst Krause, p. 128.
  21. ^ Wilhelm Keil: Experiences of a social democrat . 2nd volumes, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1947/48.
  22. ↑ From the monarchy to the people's state .
  23. ^ Eberhard Kolb (Ed.): Regional and local council organizations in Württemberg . Droste, Düsseldorf 1976, ISBN 3-7700-5084-3 , p. 14.
  24. ^ Wilhelm Blos: From the monarchy to the people's state. On the history of the revolution in Germany, especially in Württemberg . Volume 1, p. 9.
  25. ↑ Horst Kruse, p. 15 Note 2.
  26. ↑ Hans-Joachim Mann, p. 29 column 4.
  27. ↑ Philipp Buonarroti, Babeuf and the conspiracy for equality with the process initiated by them and the pieces of evidence. Translated and introduced by Anna and Wilhelm Blos. Published by JHW Dietz Nachf., Stuttgart. (International Library) 336 pages. Brooch 2 Mark, born 2.50 marks . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 28.1909-1910, 1st volume. (1910), No. 10, pp. 347-348. Digitized
  28. ↑ Wilhelm Blos, The Rider of Principles. A story from 1848. Second edition, Berlin. Forward publishing. 200 pages. Born 1 mark . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 31.1912-1913, Volume 2 (1913), No. 63, p 230. Digitalisat
  29. ^ Wilhelm Blos, Father Ambrosius. Character image from the Franconian Peasants' War. A historical study. Munich, G. Birk & Comp. 61 pages . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 26.1907-1908, Volume 1 (1908), No. 16, p 570. Digitalisat
  30. ^ Wilhelm Blos, Badische Revolutionsgeschichten from the years 1848 and 1849. Mannheim 1910, Verlag der Parteibuchhandlung. 168 pages . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 28.1909-1910, Volume 2 (1910), No. 31, p 854. Digitalisat
  31. ↑ Marx or Bakunin ? Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Democracy or Dictatorship? Up-to-date new edition of the reports to the Socialist International on Michael Bakunin . Edited by Wilhelm Blos, In: Die neue Zeit. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 38 (1920), p. 405.
  32. ↑ Printed in: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe . Department I. Volume 25. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1985, pp. 464-465.
  33. ↑ Joseph Alexander von Helfert : The Vienna Parnassus in 1848 . Manz, Vienna 1882.
  34. ^ Karl Frenzel : Dunst. Roman , Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart and Leipzig 1887.
  35. ↑ Hermann Sevin (1841–1906).
  36. ↑ Here Blos defends Franz Sigel against Friedrich Engels. It was not known at the time that Engels was the author of revolution and counterrevolution in Germany and not Karl Marx. Karl Kautsky disagreed with Blos' views on this issue. (See the note from the editorial staff of Neue Zeit, p. 439.)
  37. ↑ August Röckel : From the grave of a forty-eight revolutionary , Gohlke, Leipzig 1914.
predecessor Office successor
Theodor Liesching Württemberg Foreign Minister
1918–1920 		The ministry was dissolved in 1920
personal data
SURNAME Just, Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Blos, Wilhelm Josef (full name); Titus, A. (pseudonym); Flux, Hans (pseudonym); WB (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German journalist and politician, MdR, President of Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH October 5, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Wertheim
DATE OF DEATH July 6, 1927
Place of death Stuttgart-Cannstatt