Heinrich Bürgers

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Heinrich Bürgers

Johann Heinrich Georg Bürgers (born June 21, 1820 in Cologne , † December 10, 1878 in Berlin ) was a German journalist and member of the Reichstag .

Life and work

The son of a bookbinder attended the Catholic grammar school at Marzellen in Cologne from 1828 to 1838 with Roland Daniels and Johann Jakob Klein . After the public exams of September 14th and 15th, 1838, he received his Abitur . From 1838 he studied philology at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , where he became a member of the Corps Hansea I in 1839 .

After graduating, he became a journalist. In the fall of 1844 he traveled to Paris , where he became better acquainted with Karl Marx . When Marx was expelled in early 1845, Bürgers accompanied him to Brussels . From 1846 to 1847 he worked in Cologne for the Communist Correspondence Committee founded by Marx and Friedrich Engels and in 1847 became a member of the Cologne community of the League of Communists . After the outbreak of the revolution in Germany in 1848 , he was a member of the preliminary parliament in Frankfurt am Main in March / April 1848 . From June 1848 he was a member of the editorial team of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung published by Marx and Engels, and was instrumental in founding it.

He continued to join the Cologne workers' association , but mainly worked in the Cologne Democratic Society , headed by Marx , which elected him vice-president at the end of July 1848. He took part in the first democratic congress from June 14 to 16, 1848 in Frankfurt am Main. During the September Revolution of 1848 , Bürgers was a member of the security committee in Cologne that was formed on the initiative of the communists. Bürger was also one of “the electors of the city of Cologne for the election of the members of the second chamber” for the “42nd District". After the defeat of the revolution, he took part in the reorganization of the Communist League. When the federal central authority moved its seat to Cologne in September 1850, Bürger became a member. In May 1851 he was arrested and sentenced to six years imprisonment as one of the main defendants in the Cologne Communist Trial (from October 4 to November 12, 1852). With the judgment of November 12, 1852, citizens were deprived of their civil rights for five years in accordance with Section 63 of the Prussian Criminal Code of 1851. In addition, lifelong police supervision and, together with all other convicts, the costs of the process. He initially served his sentence at the Cosel Fortress together with Carl Wunibald Otto . In March 1853 he was moved to the Glatz Fortress . It was not until November 12, 1858, that he had served his prison term.

In 1863 he took over the management of a Düsseldorf newspaper, the Niederrheinische Volkszeitung . Under the impression of the reaction period, Bürgers broke away from the labor movement and joined the German Progressive Party in the 1960s . As a member of the Reichstag for this party, he was a member of the Reichstag for the Wroclaw-West constituency from 1877 to 1878 . From 1877 to 1878 he was also a member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the constituency of Düsseldorf 1 (Lennep, Solingen) . Bürgers died of paralysis at the age of 58 . The following day his body was transferred from Berlin to Cologne. On December 13, 1878, he was buried in the presence of a large crowd in the Melaten cemetery . The tomb no longer exists.

Honors

Works (selection)

  • Pauperism and the proletariat in Belgium. First article . In: Society mirror . Organ of the dispossessed classes and to illuminate the social conditions of the present . Vol. 1, Elberfeld 1845, Book III, p. 97 ff.
  • Pauperism and the proletariat in Belgium. Second article . In: Society mirror. Organ of the dispossessed classes and to illuminate the social conditions of the present . Vol. 1, Elberfeld 1845, Book IV, p. 131 ff.
  • Pauperism and the proletariat in Belgium. Third article . In: Society mirror. Organ of the dispossessed classes and to illuminate the social conditions of the present . Vol. 2, Elberfeld 1846, Book VII, p. 2 ff.
  • The Democratic Party . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Organ of democracy . No. 2 of June 2, 1848, p. 1.
  • Explanation . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Organ of democracy . No. 86 of August 26, 1848, p. 4.
  • Mr. v. Ladenburg and the elementary school teachers . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Organ of democracy . December 30, 1848, p. 1 f.
  • Lassalle and Weyers trial . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Organ of democracy . May 4, 1849 (Appendix, p. 2)
  • Latest news: In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Organ of democracy . No. 290 of May 5, 1849, p. 4.
  • The logic in the Kinkel and Comrades process . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , Cologne April 30, 1850 and May 1, 1850
  • The acquittal of Kinkel . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , Cologne May 2, 1850
  • Bourgeoisie and proletariat . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , Cologne May 2, 1850
  • The workers' association and police director Geiger . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , Cologne May 5, 1850
  • The Democratic Party . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , Cologne June 21, 1850
  • Speech by Mr. H. Bürgers at the electoral meeting in Cologne on February 8, 1867 . In: Rheinische Zeitung . Düsseldorf, Cologne February 11, 1867
  • Memories of Ferdinand Freiligrath . In: Vossische Zeitung . November 26, December 10 and December 24, 1876 (Sunday supplement)

literature

  • Karl Wermuth , Wilhelm Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. In the official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states on the basis of the relevant judicial and police acts . 2 parts. AW Hayn, Berlin 1852–1854 (Reprint: Klaus Guhl, Berlin 1976)
  • Karl Bittel : The Communist Trial in Cologne 1852 in the mirror of the contemporary press. Edited and introduced . Rütten & Loening , Berlin 1955
  • Robert Steimel: Cologne heads. Steimel, Cologne-Zollstock 1958, No. 430.
  • Herwig Förder: Bürgers, Johann Heinrich Georg , in: History of the German workers' movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 74-75.
  • Herwig Förder: Bürgers, Johann Heinrich Georg , in: Biographisches Lexikon zur German history. From the beginning to 1945 , 2nd expanded edition. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften , Berlin 1971, p. 102 f.
  • The League of Communists. Documents and materials
1836–1849, Vol. 1, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970
1849-1851, Vol. 2, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982
1851-1852, Vol. 3, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1984
  • Jürgen Herres: The Cologne Communist Trial of 1852. In: History in Cologne. Magazine for town and regional history. 50 (2003) online version . (PDF file; 103 kB)
  • François Melis: Heinrich Bürgers (1820–1878). Protagonist of the democratic and communist movement. In: Helmut Bleiber, Walter Schmidt , Susanne Schötz (Hrsg.): Actors of upheaval. Men and women of the revolution of 1848/49. Fides, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931363-11-2 , pp. 139-222.
  • Bernhard Mann : Biographical Handbook for the Prussian House of Representatives 1867-1918 (= Handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 3). Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-7700-5146-7 , p. 91.
  • Klaus Körner: Kölner Komunnistenverfahren , in: Kurt Groenewold, Alexander Ignor, Arnd Koch (Hrsg.): Lexicon of Political Criminal Processes, online, as of January 2018

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erhard Kiehnbaum: Notes on the intellectual environment of the young Roland Daniels . In: Marx-Engels. Research reports 6. Karl Marx University Leipzig, Leipzig 1990, pp. 165–180
  2. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 22 , 4
  3. ↑ Neue Rheinische Zeitung . Extra supplement No. 204 from January 25, 1849
  4. ↑ § 63 pr. StG Online
  5. ↑ "Of the people convicted in the communist trial are (...) Bürgers and Otto in Kosel". Bavarian landlady . No. 11, January 13 , 1853.
  6. ^ Friedrich Engels to Karl Marx July 20, 1854; Peter Gerhard Roeser to Ferdinand Lassalle December 9, 1858; Melis, p. 186.
  7. ↑ Specht, Fritz / Schwabe, Paul: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives . 2nd Edition. Carl Heymanns Verlag , Berlin 1904, p. 70
  8. ↑ a b Melis, p. 192
  9. ^ Josef Abt, Johann Ralf Beines, Celia Körber-Leupold: Melaten - Cologne graves and history . Greven, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7743-0305-3 , p. 154


personal data
SURNAME Bürgers, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bürgers, Johann Heinrich Georg (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German journalist and politician (DFP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1820
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1878
Place of death Berlin