Roland Daniels

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Roland Daniels

Roland Daniels (born June 19, 1819 in Angelsdorf near Cologne ; † August 29, 1855 in Angelsdorf) was a German doctor and a member of the Communist League .

Life

Roland Daniels, son of the Prussian judge Adam Joseph Daniels († 1820) and his wife Maria Christina Frentz († 1842), attended the Catholic high school at Marzellen in Cologne with Heinrich Bürgers and Johann Jakob Klein from 1828 to 1838 . After the public exams of September 14th and 15th, 1838, he received his Abitur . From November 3, 1838 to the summer semester of 1842, he studied first philosophy and then medicine in Bonn , where he became a member of Corps Hansea I in 1839 .

He attended the anthropology lectures given by Christian Friedrich Nasse , among others . For the next two semesters he studied medicine in Berlin and lived there at Marienstraße 1 c . After taking the faculty examination in the summer semester of 1842, he received his doctorate on August 24, 1842. med. In Berlin he had also heard Johannes Peter Müller and read his book “Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen”. On August 11, 1843, he passed his medical state examination before the Ministry of Clergy, Education and Medicinal Affairs .

When Daniels was in Paris in 1844 , he met Karl Marx and his wife Jenny . Back in Cologne, Joseph Weydemeyer asked him to found a Communist Correspondence Committee . Only Heinrich Bürgers and Carl d'Ester and he belonged to it. After Daniels had passed an additional exam as an obstetrician in Koblenz in September 1847 , he was able to practice as a poor doctor. During the great cholera epidemic from July to November 1849 he worked tirelessly for the sick.

Roland Daniels was married to Amalie Müller (* January 22, 1820 - October 3, 1895) since May 10, 1848, the daughter of Franz Joseph Müller (* 1786; † 1859), President of the Cologne court. The sons Franz Georg Hubert Roland (* December 25, 1849, † 1875) and Roland jr. (* May 25, 1851; † 1900).

In July 1847, Marx dedicated his book Misère de la philosophie to Daniels . Response a la philosophy de la misère de M. Proudhon . As a member of the League of Communists , he supported Marx in distributing the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1848/49 . Daniels was also one of "the electors of the city of Cologne for the election of the members of the second chamber" for the "45th District". After Marx was expelled from Prussia , Daniels secured the library of Karl Marx by hiding it in the wine cellar of his brother Franz Joseph Daniels (* 1816; † 1865). He was one of those Cologne communists who carried out the reorganization of the federal government in 1849. As Marx the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politico-Economic Review published in 1850, Daniels supported him. In September 1850 Daniels became a member of the central authority of the League of Communists, which had moved to Cologne. Daniels was arrested on June 13, 1851 and imprisoned under unworthy conditions until the end of the trial. He was one of the main defendants in the Cologne Communist Trial , which lasted from October 4 to November 12, 1852. Daniels was acquitted. Severely weakened in his health by his imprisonment, Daniels died on August 29, 1855 in his birthplace.

Marx kept lifelong contact with the widow and her son. For example, Marx sent his photograph of Friedrich Karl Wunder to Amalie Daniels with the dedication: “Dr. Daniels from her old friend Karl Marx London. Jan. 25, 1870 " and to Roland Daniels junior, Marx, already very ill, sent his photograph of John Mayall with the dedication: " Mr. Roland Daniels with friendly greetings. Karl Marx, December 31, 1881. Ventnor ( Isle of Wight ) ”.

The Communist Trial in Cologne 1852

Cologne Communist Trial of 1852. On the left the eleven defendants with their defense counsel (including Roland Daniels), in the middle the court with the assistant president Göbel, the regional court chamber president Oedenkoven and Dr. Kehrmann, the chief procurator Dr. von Seckendorff (standing?), the state procurator Otto Saedt and on the right the seven jurors. From: Leipziger Illustrirte Zeitung No. 19, 1852, p. 32.

On May 10, 1851, the tailor Peter Nothjung was arrested as emmisary of the Communist League in Leipzig during the Leipzig trade fair . Based on the papers found at Notjung's, Daniels's house was searched on June 16, 1851 and he was arrested. The preliminary investigation ended on November 8th and the council chamber of the Royal Regional Court of Cologne sued ten people, including in sixth place: Roland Daniels, 31 years old, born in Angelsdorf, Dr. medicinae, residing in Cologne, tall 5 feet, 9 inches, with black-brown hair, high forehead, brown eyes, ordinary nose and mouth, brown beard, oval chin and slim stature according to Articles 87 and 89 of the Rhenish Penal Code and Section 61 No. 2 and 63 of the Criminal Code of the Prussian states . On July 27, 1852, the Kölnische Zeitung reported that the trial was being postponed. Finally, on October 4th, the trial will open. All defendants are accused of having founded a plot in Cologne in the course of 1848, 1849, 1850 and 1851, the purpose of which was to overturn the state constitution and to arm the citizens and residents against the royal power and against each other to stir up civil war. Daniels will be interrogated at the ninth session on October 14th. He also denies having been a member of the federal government. In 1843 or 1844 he stayed in Paris for a while to complete his studies, where he had dealings with Marx (...). On the other hand, when he was occasionally requested by Roeser, he had declared himself ready to give lectures on physiology in his apartment to those who wished it. (...) He wrote the fragment of the March address at the request of Roeser, who brought it to him. In the address he recognized the style of Marx and his way of representing political relationships. Wilhelm Stieber reports on statements by Hermann Wilhelm Haupt , who was a member of Daniels Bund. On October 26th, during the 17th session, a letter from Jenny and Karl Marx to Amalie Daniels is read out; it was found during a house search on February 5th, 1852. During the 19th session on October 28th, Daniels was exonerated as a "protective witness" by his former Bonn professor Otto Fischer , but Amalie Daniels was prevented from giving an exonerating statement. Daniels is defended by the lawyer Esser I, who represents him and Albert Erhard . Daniels was found not guilty and released in the November 12, 1852 judgment .

Quotes

“ My dear wife Daniels, It is impossible for me to describe the pain with which the news of the passing of the dear, unforgettable Roland has filled me. (…) It was a delicate, finely organized, thoroughly noble nature - character, talent and aesthetic appearance in rare acclaim. Daniels in the midst of the Cologne people always seemed to me like a Greek statue of a god that a humorous accident had thrown among a heap of Hottentots. His early passing is not only an irreplaceable loss for his family and friends, but also for science, to which he promised the most beautiful achievements, and for the great suffering mass of humanity, who had in him a loyal champion. (…) Hopefully the circumstances will one day allow the guilty, who have shortened his career, to take revenge more seriously than that of a necrologist . "

- quoted from Karl Marx to Amalie Daniels September 6, 1855.

" The 18 months imprisonment is, according to all doctors, the real cause of his early death. Nothing is more favorable to consumption than prisons, and it has been established that out of ten prisoners nine have tubercles in their lungs. Should Roland be spared? For six months he sat in a cell that was so damp that everything was covered with mold; plus the lack of air, he who could only endure a few hours in the room. Plus the treatment. (...) Our oldest had been lost; I found it on Roland's grave, which he had completely devastated. I dig out my papa, I want him, was his answer . "

- quoted from Amalie Daniels to Karl Marx September 27, 1855.

Works

  • De epilepsiae symptomatibus, causis et diagnosi . Berlin 1842. (Med. Diss. August 24, 1842)
  • Preface. In: François Villegardelle : Association of interests in the Association with application to the needs of community life . Cologne 1850
  • Roland Daniels: Microcosm. Draft of a physiological anthropology. (= Philosophy and History of Science. Volume 1). Edited by Helmut Elsner. With annotations and Contributions by Johanna Bleker , Helmut Elsner, Reinhard Mocek and Hans Jörg Sandkühler . Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Paris 1988, ISBN 3-8204-5525-6 , p. 183.

estate

The estate is located in the RGASPI , Moscow, the IISG , Amsterdam and in the Karl-Marx-Haus, Trier. The Trier estate was founded in 1971 by Dr. Leave Marianne Daniels to the Karl Marx House.

  • twenty letters from Roland Daniels to Karl Marx and five letters from Karl Marx to Roland Daniels
  • three letters from Amalie Daniels to Karl Marx and four letters from Karl Marx to Amalie Daniels
  • two letters from Amalie Daniels to Jenny Marx
  • three letters by Roland Daniels jun. to Karl Marx and two letters from Karl Marx to Roland Daniels jun.
  • a letter from Jenny and Karl Marx to Amalie Daniels
  • a letter from Heinrich Bürger to Roland Daniels
  • three letters from Roland Daniel and Heinrich Bürger to Karl Marx
  • a letter from Roland Daniels to Wilhelm Wolff
  • (Roland Daniels with the participation of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels): Valentin Hansen: Record-based presentation of wonderful healings which were at the exhibition of the h. Rockes zu Trier in 1844. According to authentic documents, some of which were recorded by the author himself on the spot, some were sent to him directly by the pastors, doctors, etc., but mostly to the Rev. Bishops Dr. Arnoldi , and handed over to the author for use for the purpose of editing, arranged and compiled, also accompanied by medical remarks . Gall, Trier 1845
  • Microcosm. Draft of a physiological anthropology
  • (Catalog from Karl Marx's Library 1850)

literature

  • Wermuth- Stieber: The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. In the official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states on the basis of the relevant judicial and police acts . 2 parts. AW Hayn, Berlin 1852–1854 (Reprint: Klaus Guhl, Berlin 1976)
  • Daniels, Roland. In: Dr. jur. Wermuth and Dr. jur. Stieber: The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. In the official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states on the basis of the relevant judicial and police acts . Berlin, AW Hayn 1854, p. 39 (digitized version)
  • Karl Bittel : The Communist Trial in Cologne 1852 in the mirror of the contemporary press. Edited and introduced . Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1955
  • Georgi Bagaturija: Roland Daniels. In: Marx and Engels and the first proletarian revolutionaries. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965, pp. 209-260 and pp. 518-524.
  • Martin Hundt : Daniels, Roland. In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 81-82.
  • Dr. Roland Daniels. In: Helmut Dressler: Doctors around Karl Marx . Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin 1970, pp. 47–64.
  • Helmut Elsner: On the first publication of Roland Daniels “Mikrokosmos”. In: Yearbook of the Institute for Marxist Studies and Research 12/1987. Frankfurt am Main 1987, pp. 105-110.
  • Helmut Elsner: Roland Daniels (1819–1855) and his work “Mikrokosmos”, draft of a physiological anthropology . Documentation for the special exhibition in the study center Karl-Marx-Haus, Trier, February 1 to 24, 1988, Trier 1988.
  • Erhard Kiehnbaum: Comments on the intellectual environment of the young Roland Daniels. In: Marx-Engels. Research reports 6. Karl Marx University Leipzig, Leipzig 1990, pp. 165–180.
  • François Melis: On the founding history of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. New documents and facts. In: MEGA studies. 1/1998, pp. 3-63.
  • Helmut Elsner: Roland Daniels and his trip to Belgium in August 1847. The poem "Ostend". In: Marx et autres exilés, études en l'honneur de Jacques Grandjonc. réunies par Karl Heinz Götze . Aix-en-Provence 2002, pp. 169–176 (Cahiers d'études germaniques 42)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Birth certificate 7/1819 Elsdorf municipal archive .
  2. ↑ Erhard Kiehnbaum, p. 166.
  3. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 26 , 4
  4. ^ Directory of staff and students.
  5. ↑ He dedicated his dissertation to Heinrich Bürgers and Peter Joseph Belke .
  6. ^ Third improved edition. 2 volumes. J. Hölscher, Coblenz 1837-1840.
  7. ^ Johanna Blecker: Roland Daniels and the medicine of his time. In: microcosm. Pp. 241–260, here p. 249.
  8. ↑ Copy of the dedication RGASI F. 1. op. 1. D. 219.
  9. ↑ Neue Rheinische Zeitung . Extra supplement No. 204 from January 25, 1849.
  10. ↑ The house where he was born and died, an estate building, is still preserved in 1988.
  11. ^ Original in the Karl-Marx-Haus , Trier.
  12. ↑ ibid.
  13. ↑ Section II. Des crimes contre la sûreté intérieure de l'état. § 1 he. Des Attentats et Complots dirigés contre l'Empereur et sa famille. Article 86. L'attentat ou le complot contre la vie ou contre la personne de l'Empereur, est crime de lèse-majesté; ce crime est puni comme parricide, et emporte de plus la confiscation des biens. Article 89. Il ya complot dès que la résolution d'agir est concertée et arrêtée entre deux conspirateurs ou un plus grand nombre, quoiqu'il n'y ait pas eu d'attentat.
  14. ↑ Karl Bittel, p. 20 f.
  15. ↑ Karl Bittel, p. 48.
  16. ↑ Karl Bittel, p. 81.
  17. ↑ Karl Bittel, p. 127 f.
  18. ↑ Karl Bittel, p. 142 f.
  19. ↑ Theodor Esser. In: Marx-Engels works. Volume 28, p. 782 mistakenly confused with Johann Heinrich Theodor Esser II. There was also a Ferdinand Joseph Esser in Cologne . († March 5, 1872) at the age of 63. He was a privy councilor and lawyer at the Court of Appeal in Cologne, as well as President of the Dombauverein board in Cologne.
  20. ↑ Karl Bittel, pp. 238–244.
  21. ^ Karl Bittel, p. 297.
  22. ↑ MEGA Abt. I Volume 7, p. 205 (Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 28, pp. 432-433).
  23. ↑ MEGA Abt. I Volume 7, pp. 486 and 490.
  24. ^ François Villegardelle: Accord des intérêts dans l'association et besoins des communnes, avec notice sur Charles Fourier . Paris 1844.
  25. ↑ Printed in: The League of Communists. Documents and materials. 1849-1851 . Volume 2. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982, p. 675.
  26. ↑ MEGA Division III Volume 1, pp. 500 and 513-515.
  27. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 2, p. 232; 240; 246-247; 343 and 403-404.
  28. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 3, p. 571; 599-600 and 693.
  29. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 4, pp. 308-309; 320; 336-341; 345-346; 355-357; 365; 385-387 and 391-396.
  30. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 7, p. 427.
  31. ↑ MEGA Division III Volume 2, p. 84; 232; 240 and 246-247.
  32. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 7, pp. 486-490.
  33. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 7, pp. 205–206 and 227.
  34. ↑ RGASPI dedication to Mr. Vogt
  35. ↑ Photo Karl Marx House
  36. ↑ MEW Volume 35, p. 261.
  37. ↑ IISG F 82.
  38. ↑ IISG D 967; D 968; D 969.
  39. ^ Photo and letter from the Karl Marx House
  40. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 4, p. 227.
  41. ↑ RGASPI
  42. ↑ MEGA Abt. III Volume 2, pp. 199-20; 212-214 and 281-283.
  43. ↑ Kurt Koszyk; Karl Obermann (ed.): Contemporaries of Marx and Engels. selected letters from the years 1844 to 1852 . Assen 1975, pp. 374-377.
  44. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department I. Volume 5. Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: German Ideology. Manuscripts and prints. Edited by Ulrich Pagel, Gerald Hubmann and Christine Weckwerth . Published by the International Marx-Engels Foundation (IMES) Amsterdam. De Gruyter Academy Research, Berlin / Boston 2017. ISBN 978-3-11-048577-6 , pp. 671–709.
  45. ↑ Karl Marx House
  46. ^ Ex libris. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Fate and Directory of a Library . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1967, pp. 211-228.
personal data
SURNAME Daniels, Roland
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, member of the Communist League
DATE OF BIRTH June 19, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Angelsdorf near Cologne
DATE OF DEATH August 29, 1855
Place of death Angelsdorf