Neustadt an der Waldnaab district

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′  N , 12 ° 6 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Palatinate
Administrative headquarters :	Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Area :	1,427.67 km 2
Residents:	94,450 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	66 inhabitants per km 2
License plate :	NEW, ESB , VOH
Circle key :	09 3 74
Circle structure:	38 parishes
Address of the district administration:	Stadtplatz 38 92660 Neustadt adWaldnaab
Website :	www.neustadt.de
District Administrator :	Andreas Meier ( CSU )
Location of the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab in Bavaria

The district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab (officially: district of Neustadt adWaldnaab ) is located in the north of the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Palatinate . The district town of the district is Neustadt an der Waldnaab . The independent city of Weiden in the Upper Palatinate is completely surrounded by the district of Neustadt. The districts of Neustadt an der Waldnaab and Tirschenreuth as well as the city of Weiden in the Upper Palatinate form the Northern Upper Palatinate region . The district is a member of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region .

geography

location

The district has a share in the Upper Palatinate Forest and the Upper Palatinate hill country . The 901  m above sea level. The highest elevation in the district is the Entenbühl near the border with the Czech Republic . The largest rivers in the district are the Waldnaab , Haidenaab , Fichtelnaab and Pfreimd, all of which are headwaters or tributaries of the Naab , which are created by the union of the Waldnaab and Haidenaab in the southern district.

Neighboring areas

The district borders counterclockwise in the north, beginning with the districts of Tirschenreuth , Bayreuth , Amberg-Sulzbach and Schwandorf .

In the east it borders on the Czech Plzeňský kraj (German: Pilsener Region).

history

District town Neustadt an der Waldnaab

Landscape near Pleystein

Regional courts

The area of ​​today's Neustadt an der Waldnaab district was formerly part of the Nordgau , which later became Upper Palatinate, and since 1628 it was part of the Electorate of Bavaria . It was affected by numerous restructuring and political changes. In 1803, in the post-Napoleonic period, the district courts of Neustadt an der Waldnaab , Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate , Kemnath and Vohenstrauss were established. They belonged to the Naabkreis , from 1810 to the Mainkreis, from 1817 Obermainkreis ; Vohenstrauss came to the Regenkreis . In 1838 all of these places in the Regenkreis came under the administration of the Upper Palatinate. At the same time, a separate regional court was formed in Weiden in the Upper Palatinate . In 1841 the Auerbach Regional Court in Upper Palatinate was created by separating it from the Eschenbach Regional Court and in 1849 the Erbendorf Regional Court from parts of the previous Kemnath, Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Waldsassen and Tirschenreuth regional courts , parts of the Stiftland .

District Offices

The district office Neustadt an der Waldnaab was formed in 1862 through the merger of the regional courts of the older order Neustadt an der Waldnaab and Weiden in the Upper Palatinate. Likewise, the district courts of Auerbach and Eschenbach were merged to form the district office of Eschenbach and the district courts of Erbendorf and Kemnath to form the district office of Kemnath, while the district office of Vohenstrauß followed the district court of Vohenstrauss.

From 1883 to 1898 Sigmund Hieronymus Castner was district administrator in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district office.

On the occasion of the reform of the layout of the Bavarian district offices, the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district office received municipalities from the Kemnath district office on January 1, 1880.

On January 1, 1919, after the First World War (1914–1918), the city of Weiden in the Upper Palatinate retired from the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district office and became a city ​​in the immediate vicinity . On January 1, 1931, the communities Altenstadt b. Erbendorf, Bernstein , Burggrub , Erbendorf , Grötschenreuth , Hauxdorf, Krummennaab , Naabdemenreuth , Neuenreuth, Pfaben , Reuth bei Erbendorf , Röthenbach , Siegritz, Thumsenreuth , Trautenberg , Wetzldorf and Wildenreuth from the Kemnath district office to the Neustadt district office since it was dissolved of the district court of Erbendorf in 1929 belonged to the judicial district of Neustadt.

Counties

On January 1, 1939, as everywhere in the German Reich, the designation district was introduced. The district offices became the districts of Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate, Kemnath, Neustadt an der Waldnaab and Vohenstrauss. Due to the dissolution of some communities to enlarge the Grafenwöhr military training area , the number of communities in the district decreased.

In 1946 the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab was enlarged by the municipality of Schadenreuth in the district of Kemnath, which was incorporated into Erbendorf .

Neustadt an der Waldnaab district

As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab was redefined on July 1, 1972:

• Most of the dissolved district of Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate came to the district.
• All municipalities of the dissolved Vohenstrauß district were newly added to the district.
• The municipality of Mockersdorf joined the district from the disbanded Kemnath district.
• The municipality of Holzhammer moved from the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab to the district of Amberg-Sulzbach.
• The communities of Erbendorf, Grötschenreuth , Hauxdorf, Krummennaab, Reuth bei Erbendorf, Röthenbach, Thumsenreuth, Wetzldorf and Wildenreuth moved from the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab to the district of Tirschenreuth.
• From the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, the municipalities of Frauenricht , Muglhof and Neunkirchen bei Weiden were incorporated into the independent city of Weiden.

Population development

From 1988 to 2008 the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab grew by around 6,000 inhabitants or around 7%. Since 2003 the trend towards a high of approx. 101,500 inhabitants.

Between 1988 and 2018 the district grew from 92,402 to 94,352 by 1,950 inhabitants or 2.1%. The strongest increases are in the vicinity of the regional center of Weiden and in the western district, the most significant population losses are in the communities in the east along the border with the Czech Republic.

The following figures refer to the territorial status on May 25, 1987.

Population development
year	1840	1900	1939	1950	1961	1970	1987	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018
Residents	58,312	60,983	69,880	90.904	87,776	92,397	91,792	97.101	99,620	101.011	100,081	97.211	95,078	94,352

politics

District administrators

• 1946-24. October 1949: Hans Bodensteiner , CSU . After being elected to the first German Bundestag , he resigned his mandate as district administrator in the district assembly on October 24, 1949 .
• October 24, 1949-30. April 1984: Christian Kreuzer , CSU
• May 1, 1984-30. April 1996: Anton Binner, CSU
• May 1, 1996-30. April 2014: Simon Wittmann , CSU
• since May 1, 2014: Andreas Meier , CSU

In the local elections on March 15, 2020 , Andreas Meier was re-elected district administrator with 62.6% of the vote.

District council

Local election 2014

 %

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

47.29%

26.45%

12.92%

5.05%

4.93%

3.36%

CSU

SPD

FW

ÖDP

Green

FDP / UW

District elections of March 3, 2002, March 2, 2008, March 16, 2014 and March 15, 2020

	2002	2008	2014	2020
CSU	30th	28	28	24
SPD	18th	17th	16	11
Free and independent voter communities	6th	-	-	-
Free voters	-	7th	8th	9
FDP / Free Voters	3	-	-	-
FDP / Independent voters	-	3	2	2
ÖDP	3	3	3	2
GREEN	-	2	3	4th
AfD	-	-	-	3
JU Bavaria	-	-	-	5
total	60	60	60	60

District election May 1, 1948:

• CSU: 51.3%, 25 seats
• SPD: 36.8%, 17 seats
• FDP: 3.9%, 1 seat
• KPD : 3.3%, 1 seat
• DBl: 2.9%, 1 seat
• KRJ: 1.5%
• Pal: 0.3%

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the district was awarded by a resolution of the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior of December 22, 1954 on application and confirmed by a letter from the government of the Upper Palatinate of March 22, 1977 in Regensburg .

Blazon : “Split and split behind; in front in black a red crowned and red armored golden lion; in the back above in blue three, two to one, gold stars, below in silver a blue bar. "

Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms shows heraldic symbols of three formerly important rulers in the district: The golden lion on a black background of the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach family ; the three golden stars in blue of the princes of Lobkowitz in the former royal county of Störnstein and the rule of Waldthurn and the blue bar of the landgraves of Leuchtenberg and keeps the memory of these three noble families alive. This coat of arms was retained after the last municipal area reform , as the district area should feel represented by the (Upper) Palatinate lion, which was also included in the coats of arms of the old districts of Eschenbach and Vohenstrauss , and the Leuchtenberger bar from the Vohenstrauss district coat of arms .

Economy and Infrastructure

At the end of the 19th century the glass industry was established in the district. Six out of nine lead glass factories still existed in 1985. The economic situation of the district in comparison to the whole of West Germany - close to the border with Czechoslovakia in the east, an American military training area in the west and without notable tourism - developed negatively until the 1980s; Among the 237 German districts, he was one of the 22 with a gross domestic product below 10,000 DM per capita. Above-average emigration tendencies and unemployment as well as well below-average incomes were also recorded.

In the 2016 Future Atlas , the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district was ranked 308 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with “future risks”. According to the study, it offers the third worst future prospects of all districts in Bavaria.

traffic

railroad

The main stream of rail traffic follows the Naab Valley from north to south; Here the AG of the Bavarian East Railways built a railway from Regensburg to Weiden in 1863 , which was soon extended to Bayreuth via Pressath .

In the following year 1864 the line from Weiden via Neustadt (Waldnaab) to Eger was added. The railway, completed in 1875 from Weiden via Weiherhammer in the direction of Neukirchen – Nürnberg, was also a plant of the Eastern Railway .

The Bavarian State Railways took over the further expansion of the network : Since 1878, the Nuremberg – Marktredwitz line has crossed the district in the far northwest near Vorbach. The 50-kilometer-long Neustadt – Floß – Eslarn local railway began operating as far as Vohenstrauss in 1886, reached the border town of Waidhaus in 1900 and was completed in 1908. The junction from Floß to Flossenbürg was only added in 1913. At first it was only used for goods traffic, from 1938 onwards it linked the concentration camp located in the district to the Reich. After the Second World War, hardly used any more, the line was finally dismantled.

In 1904 the old district of Eschenbach got its railway connection through the Pressath – Grafenwöhr – Kirchenthumbach line . Soon afterwards, in 1910, a branch line to the camp station was built in Grafenwöhr, which for a long time only served military traffic to the military training area.

Passenger traffic on the local railways has been shut down as follows:

• 1959: Floß – Flossenbürg (6 km)
• 1962: Grafenwöhr (Bf) –Kirchenthumbach (15 km)
• 1966/76: Pressath – Grafenwöhr (Bf) –Grafenwöhr Lager (8 km)
• 1975: Floß – Vohenstrauß – Waidhaus – Eslarn (40 km)
• 1992: Neustadt – Floß (10 km)

This means that the passenger transport network now only covers 89 kilometers, compared to the high of 168 kilometers.

Street

The federal motorway 6 runs through the district in a west-east direction ( Nuremberg –Waidhaus / state border with the Czech Republic) and in a north-south direction the federal motorway 93 ( Hochfranken- Regensburg motorway triangle ). In addition, the federal highways 15 , 22 , 299 and 470 serve regional traffic.

→ Main article : List of district roads in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district

energy

Etzenricht is the location of a 380 kV substation, from which a 380 kV line to the Czech Republic goes out. From 1992 to 1995, this substation housed the only HVDC short coupling in Germany. There is a hydropower plant in Tanzmühle that feeds into the 110 kV network.

Communities

(Area in km² on December 31, 2001, population as of December 31, 2019)

Cities Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate (4189) Grafenwohr (6383) Neustadt am Kulm (1113) Neustadt an der Waldnaab (5685) Pleystein (2337) Pressath (4271) Vohenstrauss (7407) Windischeschenbach (4975) Markets Eslarn (2686) Raft (3408) Kirchenthumbach (3231) Kohlberg (1199) Leuchtenberg (1127) Luhe-Wildenau (3397) Coat (2730) Moosbach (2354) Park Stone (2318) Tännesberg (1483) Waidhaus (2180) Waldthurn (1916)

Other communities Altenstadt an der Waldnaab (4795) Bechtsrieth (1089) Etzenricht (1555) Flossenburg (1485) Georgenberg (1318) Irchenrieth (1519) Kirchendemenreuth (858) Pirk (1878) Puchersreuth (1640) Umbrella seat (1980) Schlammersdorf (862) Schwarzenbach (1152) Super Hard (1101) Störnstein (1510) Theisseil (1188) Trabitz (1302) Vorbach (998) Weiherhammer (3831) Unregulated areas (53.61 km²) Heinersreuther Forst (5.89 km²) Manteler Forest (36.47 km²) Speinsharter Forest (11.25 km²)

Administrative communities Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate (cities of Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate and Neustadt am Kulm and the municipality of Speinshart) Kirchenthumbach (Markt Kirchenthumbach and communities Schlammersdorf and Vorbach) Neustadt an der Waldnaab (based in Neustadt adWaldnaab; member communities: Markt Parkstein and communities Kirchendemenreuth, Püchersreuth, Störnstein and Theisseil) Pleystein (city of Pleystein and municipality of Georgenberg) Pressath (City of Pressath and communities of Schwarzenbach and Trabitz) Schirmitz (municipalities Bechtsrieth, Irchenrieth, Pirk and Schirmitz) Tännesberg (Leuchtenberg and Tännesberg markets) Weiherhammer (Markt Kohlberg and communities Etzenricht and Weiherhammer)

Altkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab

Before the start of the Bavarian regional reform, the old district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab comprised 63 communities in the 1960s:

Altenparkstein Altenstadt an der Waldnaab Bechtsrieth Bergnetsreuth Amber Noble village Engleshof Enzenrieth Eppenreuth Erbendorf , city Etzenricht Raft , market Flossenbürg Women's direction Gailertsreuth Gosen

Grafenreuth Grötschenreuth Hammerles Hannersgrün Hauxdorf Mallet Huts Ilsenbach Irchenrieth Kaltenbrunn , market Kirchendemenreuth Klobenreuth Kohlberg Krummennaab Lanz Letzau

Luhe , market Mallersricht Coat , market Meerbodenreuth Muglhof Naabdemenreuth Neudorf near Luhe Neuhaus , market Neunkirchen near Weiden Neustadt an der Waldnaab , city Oberwildenau Parkstein , market Pirk Puchersreuth Reuth near Erbendorf Roshau

Roethenbach Rothenstadt Umbrella seat Schlattein Schönbrunn Disappearance Schwarzenbach Störnstein Thumsenreuth Weiherhammer Wendersreuth Wetzldorf Wildenreuth Windischeschenbach Root

The following communities were incorporated during the existence of the district:

• Altenstadt near Erbendorf , in 1938 to Erbendorf
• Burggrub , 1939 in Krummennaab
• Diepoltsreuth , on April 1, 1949 in Gailertsreuth
• Dietersdorf , on January 1, 1946 in Naabdemenreuth
• Matzlesrieth , 1928 to Muglhof
• Moosbürg , to Weiden on January 1st, 1914
• Neuenreuth , on January 1, 1946 in Wildenreuth
• Oed , to Schwand on January 1, 1946
• Pfaben , 1938 to Wetzldorf
• Rupprechtsreuth , on January 1, 1946 to Mantel
• Siegritz , on January 1, 1946 in Wetzldorf
• Trautenberg , on January 1, 1946 in Krummennaab
• Unterwildenau , on April 1, 1928 in Oberwildenau

Protected areas

There are 13 nature reserves , seven landscape protection areas , 13 FFH areas and at least 72 geotopes designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (as of August 2016) in the district.

See also

• List of nature reserves in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district
• List of landscape protection areas in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district
• List of FFH areas in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district
• List of geotopes in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign NEW when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It is still issued today.

Until the 1990s, vehicles from the old districts were given special identification numbers:

area	Letters	numbers
Altkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab	A to Z	1 to 999
	AA to DZ	1 to 99
	PA to PZ
	AA to AZ	100 to 999
Altkreis Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate	EA to NZ	1 to 99
	EA to EZ	100 to 999
Altkreis Vohenstrauss	RA to ZZ	1 to 99
	RA to RZ	100 to 999

Since July 10, 2013, the distinguishing marks ESB (Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz) and VOH (Vohenstrauß) have been available in connection with the license plate liberalization .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website
• Entry on the coat of arms of the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Parkstein: Historical Search for Traces - The Young Palatinate in Bavaria (House of Bavarian History)
• Literature from and about Neustadt an der Waldnaab district in the catalog of the German National Library
• District Neustadt an der Waldnaab: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 537 .
3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 97 .
4. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of Bavaria into rural districts and independent cities of December 27, 1971
5. ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 5, 2017 .
6. ↑ Michael Wolf, Klaus Imbeck: Neustadt: Inventory of a circle. In: GEO Magazin , March 1985, pp. 112-130
7. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . 
8. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
9. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria 1964