Counties in Bavaria
The Free State of Bavaria , the largest state in the Federal Republic of Germany, is now divided into 71 districts and 25 independent cities , which are equal to the districts in terms of their rights and tasks.
Organs of the district
The council is made by law from directly elected district administrator and up to 70 county councils, which are also elected for a term of six years by the citizens of the district.
The district office is in Bavaria by the execution by both county and from state functions in the same office a "dual authority". This commonality between state administration and local self-government is taken into account by the fact that the directly elected district administrator is also head of the state district office by law.
Tasks of the district
According to the Landkreisordnung for the Free State of Bavaria , a district is a “local authority” with the right to regulate and manage supra-local matters, the importance of which does not go beyond the district area, within the framework of the law. The district is responsible for all public tasks that exceed the capabilities of the municipalities belonging to the district.
In the district regulations for the Free State of Bavaria it is stipulated that the districts should create the public facilities that are necessary for the economic, social and cultural well-being of their residents.
In this context, the districts are obliged to take necessary measures in the areas
- the road administration,
- fire safety,
- of health care,
- of waste disposal
- as well as public welfare and welfare
to meet or to use the necessary services for such measures.
At the same time, the District Office is responsible as the lower state administrative authority (State District Office) z. B. for
- Official medical reports
- Building permits
- Driver's license and vehicle registration
- Restaurant permits
- Food control
- Cadastral
- Legal supervision of municipalities
- Environmental protection and pollution control
In the area of the lower state administrative authority, the district council has no say. Here the district administrator bears the sole responsibility prescribed by law.
History of the districts in Bavaria
Through the administrative reforms by Count Montgelas , Bavaria (with the exception of the Palatinate (Bavaria) areas on the left bank of the Rhine ) was restructured. From 1802 regional courts emerged , which as an administrative unit of the lower level were responsible for both administration and jurisdiction. The smaller cities and markets were subordinated to the regional courts, and in the larger cities sovereign city courts and police departments were established.
In 1862, administration and jurisdiction were separated, and district offices serving administration were set up , which were under the direction of a district administrator and which, from an administrative point of view, often included several district courts.
With the peace treaty of August 22, 1866, the Gersfeld district office was ceded to Prussia . From 1920 the former ducal district office of Coburg was continued as the Bavarian district office of Coburg after the unification of the Free State of Coburg with the Free State of Bavaria, which was created in 1918 .
In 1939, the districts were renamed districts and the district offices were renamed district offices .
After the Second World War , the Palatinate was detached from Bavaria. The term of the district was now used for the regions of Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , Upper Palatinate , Swabia , Lower Franconia , Middle Franconia and Upper Franconia .
Major changes in the structure of the districts resulted from the regional reform in Bavaria in 1972. As part of the reorganization of Bavaria into districts and independent cities, which came into force on July 1, 1972, a total of 71 new districts were made from 143 districts. 23 formerly independent cities lost their freedom from a circle; As a consolation they were given the title of " large district town " and limited additional rights compared to normal communities.