District of Munich
| coat of arms | Germany map |
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Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ' N , 11 ° 38' E |
| Basic data | |
| State : | Bavaria |
| Administrative region : | Upper Bavaria |
| Administrative headquarters : | Munich |
| Area : | 664.25 km 2 |
| Residents: | 350,473 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 528 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | M , AIB , WOR |
| Circle key : | 09 1 84 |
| NUTS : | DE21H |
| Circle structure: | 29 municipalities |
| Address of the district administration: |
Mariahilfplatz 17 81541 Munich |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Christoph Göbel ( CSU ) |
| Location of the district of Munich in Bavaria | |
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The District of Munich , with around 350,000 inhabitants, the most populous county in the state of Bavaria . It is located in the middle of the administrative district of Upper Bavaria and encloses the city of Munich to the north, east and south . The largest municipality in the district is Unterschleißheim .
The administrative seat is the state capital Munich, which is independent and therefore not part of the district.
geography
location
The district lies essentially in the Munich gravel plain , which is cut through in the south by the high bank of the Isar .
Neighboring areas
The district borders in a clockwise direction in the northwest on the districts of Dachau , Freising , Erding , Ebersberg , Rosenheim , Miesbach , Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen , Starnberg and Fürstenfeldbruck .
history
City and regional courts
In 1803, the Munich Regional Court was formed in the area of today's Munich district . It was responsible for the Munich area. The Munich City Court was in place for the urban area from 1804, and from 1809 Munich became a city in the immediate vicinity with its own police director. The Munich city and regional court belonged to the Isarkkreis , which was renamed Upper Bavaria in 1838 . The Munich Regional Court was split up as early as 1831. The new district court Au was created. After the incorporation of Au , Giesing and Haidhausen into the city of Munich on October 1, 1854, the city court “Munich right of the Isar” was created for the new parts of the city. At the same time, the regional courts in the surrounding area were reorganized: the Munich regional court became the “Munich regional court on the left of the Isar” and the remaining municipalities of the previous Au regional court became the “Munich right der Isar regional court”.
District Offices
The district offices of the same name emerged from these two regional courts in 1862 when administration and justice were separated. The District Office of Munich on the left of the Isar was also assigned the Starnberg District Court and the District Office of Munich on the right of the Isar was assigned the District Court of Wolfratshausen. Ramersdorf was incorporated into Munich on January 1, 1864, and Sendling on January 1, 1877 .
The district offices of Munich on the left of the Isar and Munich on the right of the Isar were dissolved on January 1, 1880 and two new district offices were established: Munich I comprised the jurisdiction of the District Court of Munich II and Munich II comprised the jurisdiction of the District Courts of Starnberg and Wolfratshausen. In the period that followed, the District Office of Munich I gave further communities to the City of Munich; on January 1, 1890 Neuhausen , on November 20, 1890 the city of Schwabing , on January 1, 1892 Bogenhausen , on January 1, 1899 Nymphenburg and on January 1, 1900 Laim and Thalkirchen .
On October 1, 1902, the Munich II district office was dissolved and divided into the two new district offices of Starnberg and Wolfratshausen . At the same time the District Office Munich I was renamed District Office Munich.
On January 1, 1912, the municipality of Forstenried , which had previously been part of the Munich District Office, was incorporated into the city of Munich. Milbertshofen was added on April 1, 1913 . Berg am Laim , Moosach and Oberföhring followed on July 1, 1913. On January 1, 1930, Daglfing and Perlach were incorporated into the state capital. On October 1, 1931, the Freimann community was added, and Trudering on April 1, 1932 . On April 1, 1938, Feldmoching , Großhadern and the city of Pasing were awarded the state capital and on December 1, 1938 Allach , Ludwigsfeld , Obermenzing , Solln and Untermenzing followed .
Counties
On January 1, 1939, the term district was uniformly introduced in the German Reich . So the district office of Munich became the district of Munich.
On April 1, 1942, the communities of Aubing and Langwied were separated from the district of Munich and incorporated into the city of Munich.
District of Munich
As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , the district was enlarged on July 1, 1972. From the dissolved Wolfratshausen district came the eight communities Arget (now part of the community Sauerlach ), Baierbrunn , Dingharting (1978 part of Straßlach ), Eichenhausen (now part of Sauerlach), Oberbiberg (now part of Oberhaching ), Sauerlach, Schäftlarn and Straßlach (today Straßlach-Dingharting ) as well as the community-free area Deisenhofener Forst-Süd (today to Oberhaching) to the district and from the disbanded district of Bad Aibling the community of Helfendorf (today to Aying ) and the community-free area Hofoldinger Forst -Süd. The district thus reached its current size.
Population development
From 1987 to 2016, the Munich district gained over 90,000 residents or grew by around 37%. The number of inhabitants has more than doubled since 1970.
The following figures refer to the territorial status on May 25, 1987.
| Population development | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1840 | 1900 | 1939 | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2016 | 2019 |
| Residents | 12,393 | 20,521 | 59,377 | 96,475 | 123.369 | 168,336 | 249,784 | 271,615 | 279.007 | 295,247 | 309.080 | 323.015 | 343,405 | 350,473 |
Denomination statistics
While in the past the residents were predominantly Catholic, the proportion of Catholics fell due to the influx of people of different faiths and withdrawals. According to the 2011 census , 16.5% of the population were Protestant , 42.7% Roman Catholic and 40.8% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then and with 47% the people who do not belong to a legally or corporately constituted religious community are a majority of the population. In 2017, of the around 345,000 inhabitants, 135,708 (39%) were Catholic, 49,347 (14%) were Protestant and 47% were non-denominational or belonged to other religions and denominations.
Economy, science, infrastructure
In the Future Atlas 2016 , the district of Munich took first place out of 402 districts and urban districts in Germany, making it one of the districts with “top future opportunities”.
Economic focus
Unterföhring, near the television studios of Bavarian Radio in Munich-Freimann, is a center of the media industry. The Max Planck Institutes for Biochemistry and Neurobiology in Martinsried have attracted numerous biotech and pharmaceutical companies to relocate and start up in Planegg. In the large industrial area Garching-Hochbrück there are so far only a few, small spin-offs from the Garching research campus; so far, the automotive industry has predominated in Hochbrück.
Listed companies (based in the district)
DAX
- Allianz , Unterföhring (world's largest Allianz location in Unterföhring; headquarters still in the state capital Munich)
- Infineon , Neubiberg
- ProSiebenSat.1 Media , Unterföhring
- Wirecard , Aschheim (Dornach)
TecDAX
- Adva Optical Networking , Planegg (Martinsried)
- MorphoSys , Planegg (Martinsried)
SDAX
- Sixt , Pullach
CDAX
- Dr. Hönle AG, Graefelfing
- Sport1 Medien AG, Ismaning
- Sanacorp Pharmahandel , Planegg
- SFC Energy AG, Brunnthal
- Süss Microtec , Garching
- Telegate , Planegg
- Softing , Haar (near Munich)
science
The Garching University and Research Center is the largest campus of the Technical University of Munich and the seat of many university and non-university research institutions.
Traffic history
railroad
The independent city of Munich, which the district partially encloses, is the largest railway junction in Bavaria. The development began in 1839 with the opening of the Munich-Augsburg Railway , which was soon connected to the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn .
From 1854 the state-run Bavarian Maximiliansbahn established the connection via Holzkirchen to Rosenheim in the foothills of the Alps. The Pasing-Starnberg Railway also ran south to Lake Starnberg in 1854 . The AG der Bayerischen Ostbahnen started operations in 1858 from Munich to Freising – Landshut – Regensburg . The connection to Ingolstadt came about through a route operated by the Bavarian State Railways in 1867. Then in 1871 the direct train to Rosenheim via Grafing and the line via Mühldorf to Simbach followed .
The last main line from Munich was built in 1873 in the direction of Geltendorf – Buchloe . In the following years the network was consolidated and supplemented by branch lines, for example. B. 1909 to Ismaning . The Lokalbahn AG Munich opened the 1891/92 Isartalbahnhof from the electric train to Wolfratshausen-Bichl that already from 1900 until Hollriegelskreuth has been operated electrically -Grünwald. Numerous ring and connecting railways were built in the city for freight traffic. From around 1970 the S-Bahn lines were expanded , the core of which is the tunnel between the main train station and the Ostbahnhof through the city center.
Road network
Sections of the federal motorways A 8 (Munich– Salzburg ), A 9 (Munich– Nuremberg ), A 92 (Munich– Deggendorf ), A 94 (Munich– Passau ), A 95 (Munich– Garmisch-Partenkirchen ), A run through the district 96 (Munich- Lindau ), A 995 (Munich- Giesing to the Munich-South motorway junction) and the Munich ring road ( A 99 ). The supra-local transport network is completed by several federal highways and state roads.
politics
District administrators
Christoph Göbel (CSU) has been the district administrator of the Munich district since May 1, 2014. He prevailed in 2020 with 64.1% against the candidate of the Greens, Christoph Nadler, in the runoff election.
District council
The district council consists of 70 district councilors and the district administrator. The local elections on March 15, 2020 resulted in the following result:
| Political party | Voting share | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| CSU | 36.6% | 26 plus district administrator |
| GREEN | 26.1% | 19th |
| SPD | 13.2% | 9 |
| FW | 10.4% | 7th |
| AfD | 4.6% | 3 |
| FDP | 4.3% | 3 |
| ÖDP | 3.0% | 2 |
| The left | 1.8% | 1 |
Member of the Landtag and Bundestag
Parliament
The district of Munich is divided into two constituencies.
The directly elected member of the state parliament in the district of Munich-Land-Nord is Ernst Weidenbusch (CSU). The directly elected member of the state parliament in the district of Munich-Land-Süd is Kerstin Schreyer (CSU).
In addition, the following were elected to the state parliament from the district of Munich:
- Markus Büchler for Alliance 90 / The Greens
- Claudia Köhler for Alliance 90 / The Greens
- Nikolaus Kraus for the free voters
- Natascha Kohnen for the SPD
- Helmut Markwort for the FDP
Bundestag
Bundestag constituency Munich-Land
(since 2017 congruent with the Munich district)
The directly elected member of the Bundestag is Florian Hahn (CSU). Jimmy Schulz ( FDP ), Anton Hofreiter ( Greens ), Gerold Otten (AfD) and Eva Schreiber ( Die Linke ) entered the Bundestag via the state list . Jimmy Schulz passed away on November 25, 2019. Bela Bach (SPD) is due to move up to the Bundestag on January 1, 2020.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the district of Munich shows a split shield, in front the Bavarian diamonds in silver and blue, in the back divided by black and gold; covered with a silver wave bar. The coat of arms has been used since the ministerial approval of April 3, 1957.
The diamonds stand for the Wittelsbachers and for Bavaria , gold and black for the city of Munich. The wave bar symbolizes the Isar river , which runs through the district.
Communities
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
No administrative
Former unincorporated areas
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Other communities
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Municipalities of the district before the territorial reform 1971/78
Before the regional reform in 1972, the Munich district had 30 municipalities. In 1900 there were 47 parishes. 19 of these congregations were incorporated into Munich in the first half of the 20th century , and two new congregations were founded. The churches that still exist today are in bold .
The District of Munich marginalized before the municipal reform at the county-level city of Munich and the following counties (clockwise) the district of Freising , County Erding , Ebersberg , district of Bad Aibling , district Wolfratshausen , Starnberg , Fürstenfeldbruck district and district Dachau .
| Parishes in 1900 | Parishes before 1972 | today's parish | today's district |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allach | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Aschheim | Aschheim | Aschheim | District of Munich |
| Aubing | Munich (incorporated in 1942) | Munich | Munich |
| Berg am Laim | Munich (incorporated in 1913) | Munich | Munich |
| Brunnthal | Brunnthal | Brunnthal | District of Munich |
| Daglfing | Munich (incorporated in 1930) | Munich | Munich |
| Dornach | Dornach | Aschheim | District of Munich |
| Feldkirchen | Feldkirchen | Feldkirchen | District of Munich |
| Feldmoching | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Forstenried | Munich (incorporated in 1912) | Munich | Munich |
| Freimann | Munich (incorporated in 1931) | Munich | Munich |
| Garching near Munich | Garching near Munich | Garching near Munich | District of Munich |
| Graefelfing | Graefelfing | Graefelfing | District of Munich |
| Grasbrunn | Grasbrunn | Grasbrunn | District of Munich |
| Großhadern | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Grünwald | Grünwald | Grünwald | District of Munich |
| Salmdorf | Haar (renamed 1924) | hair | District of Munich |
|
Harthausen (reorganization of the community from parts of Grasbrunn in 1907) |
Grasbrunn | District of Munich | |
| Heimstetten | Heimstetten | Kirchheim near Munich | District of Munich |
| Hofolding | Hofolding | Brunnthal | District of Munich |
| Hohenbrunn | Hohenbrunn | Hohenbrunn | District of Munich |
| Höhenkirchen | Höhenkirchen | Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn | District of Munich |
| Ismaning | Ismaning | Ismaning | District of Munich |
| Kirchheim near Munich | Kirchheim near Munich | Kirchheim near Munich | District of Munich |
| Langwied | Munich (incorporated in 1942) | Munich | Munich |
| Ludwigsfeld | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Milbertshofen | Munich (incorporated in 1913) | Munich | Munich |
| Moosach | Munich (incorporated in 1913) | Munich | Munich |
| Neuried | Neuried | Neuried | District of Munich |
| Oberföhring | Munich (incorporated in 1913) | Munich | Munich |
| Oberhaching | Oberhaching | Oberhaching | District of Munich |
| Obermenzing | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Oberschleissheim | Oberschleissheim | Oberschleissheim | District of Munich |
|
Ottobrunn (reorganization of the community from parts of Unterhaching in 1955) |
Ottobrunn | District of Munich | |
| Pasing (town since 1905) | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Piss | Piss | Aying | District of Munich |
| Perlach | Munich (incorporated in 1930) | Munich | Munich |
| Planegg | Planegg | Planegg | District of Munich |
| Pullach i.Isar Valley | Pullach i.Isar Valley | Pullach i.Isar Valley | District of Munich |
| Cleaning well | Cleaning well | Cleaning well | District of Munich |
| Siegertsbrunn | Siegertsbrunn | Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn | District of Munich |
| Should | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Taufkirchen | Taufkirchen | Taufkirchen | District of Munich |
| Trudering | Munich (incorporated in 1932) | Munich | Munich |
| Unterbiberg | Unterbiberg | Neubiberg | District of Munich |
| Unterföhring | Unterföhring | Unterföhring | District of Munich |
| Unterhaching | Unterhaching | Unterhaching | District of Munich |
| Untermenzing | Munich (incorporated in 1938) | Munich | Munich |
| Unterschleissheim | Unterschleissheim | Unterschleissheim | District of Munich |
District authority
District authority is the District Office of Munich .
Protected areas
In the district and the city there are seven nature reserves , 13 landscape protection areas , ten FFH areas and at least six geotopes designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (as of August 2016).
See also:
- List of nature reserves in the district and in the city of Munich
- List of landscape protection areas in Munich
- List of FFH areas in the city of Munich
- List of landscape protection areas in the Munich district
- List of FFH areas in the Munich district
- List of geotopes in the Munich district
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive M sign when the license plates that are still valid today were introduced . It is still issued today. Since July 10, 2013, the license plate liberalization has also made the distinguishing marks AIB (Bad Aibling) from AIB-Q10 to AIB-Q9999 and WOR (Wolfratshausen) from WOR-F10 to WOR-F9999 and from WOR-O10 to WOR-O9999 available.
literature
- Living space in the district of Munich: Diversity in the district of Munich . By Manfred Bialucha (author) and District Office Munich (editor), Stephan Heller Verlag. Munich 2004, ISBN 3-88863-022-3 .
- Living space in the district of Munich . By Heiner Janik (foreword), Frank Becker (author), Manfred u. a. Bialucha (author), District Office Munich (editor), Isabella Validiviso (illustrator), Stephan Heller Verlag. Munich 19998, ISBN 3-88863-016-9 .
- Living space in the district of Munich . By Joachim Gillessen (foreword), Manfred Bialucha (author), Fritz Lutz (author), Peter Weinzierl (author), Stefan Winghart (author), District of Munich (editor), Helmut Heigl (illustrator), Stephan Heller Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-88863-009-6 .
- Science, education and research in the Munich district . By Manfred Bialucha (author), Stephan Heller Verlag, Munich 2003 ISBN 3-88863-021-5 .
- Collectors and collections in the Munich district . By Manfred Bialucha (author), District Office Munich (editor), Stephan Heller Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-88863-023-1 .
Web links
- Official website of the district of Munich
- Literature from and about the district of Munich in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on the coat of arms of the district of Munich in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 97 .
- ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of Bavaria into rural districts and independent cities of December 27, 1971
- ↑ District of Munich Religion , 2011 census
- ↑ Believer shrinkage in the Munich district , accessed on July 16, 2019
- ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Results of the district council of Bavaria 2020
- ^ Election results on the district office's website
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Page about the Munich district office on gemeindeververzeichnis.de (accessed on November 21, 2010)
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Munich. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ District Office Munich - Citizen Service / Desired license plate. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
Districts:
Aichach-Friedberg |
Altötting |
Amberg-Sulzbach |
Ansbach |
Aschaffenburg |
Augsburg |
Bad Kissingen |
Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen |
Bamberg |
Bayreuth |
Berchtesgadener Land |
Cham |
Coburg |
Dachau |
Deggendorf |
Dillingen on the Danube |
Dingolfing-Landau |
Danube Ries |
Ebersberg |
Eichstätt |
Erding |
Erlangen-Höchstadt |
Forchheim |
Freising |
Freyung-Grafenau |
Fürstenfeldbruck |
Fürth |
Garmisch-Partenkirchen |
Gunzburg |
Hatred Mountains |
Yard |
Kelheim |
Kitzingen |
Kronach |
Kulmbach |
Landsberg am Lech |
Landshut |
Lichtenfels |
Lindau (Lake Constance) |
Main-Spessart |
Miesbach |
Miltenberg |
Mühldorf am Inn |
Munich |
Neuburg-Schrobenhausen |
Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate |
Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim |
Neustadt an der Waldnaab |
Neu-Ulm |
Nuremberg Country |
Oberallgäu |
Ostallgäu |
Passau |
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm |
Rain |
Regensburg |
Rhön-Grabfeld |
Rosenheim |
Roth |
Rottal-Inn |
Schwandorf |
Schweinfurt |
Starnberg |
Straubing Arch |
Tirschenreuth |
Traunstein |
Unterallgäu |
Weilheim-Schongau |
Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen |
Wunsiedel in the Fichtel Mountains |
Wurzburg
Independent cities:
Amberg |
Ansbach |
Aschaffenburg |
Augsburg |
Bamberg |
Bayreuth |
Coburg |
Erlangen |
Fürth |
Hof (Saale) |
Ingolstadt |
Kaufbeuren |
Kempten (Allgäu) |
Landshut |
Memmingen |
Munich |
Nuremberg |
Passau |
Regensburg |
Rosenheim |
Schwabach |
Schweinfurt |
Straubing |
Willows in the Upper Palatinate |
Wurzburg