Tirschenreuth district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Tirschenreuth district Map of Germany, position of the Tirschenreuth district highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 54 '  N , 12 ° 12'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
Administrative headquarters : Tirschenreuth
Area : 1,084.23 km 2
Residents: 72,046 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 66 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : TIR, KEM
Circle key : 09 3 77
NUTS : DE23A
Circle structure: 26 municipalities
Address of the
district administration: 		Mähringer Strasse 7
95643 Tirschenreuth
Website : www.kreis-tir.de
District Administrator : Roland Grillmeier ( CSU )
Location of the Tirschenreuth district in Bavaria
Weiden in der Oberpfalz Straubing Würzburg Schwabach Schweinfurt Regensburg Rosenheim Nürnberg Nürnberg Passau Landshut Memmingen Kaufbeuren Kempten (Allgäu) Ingolstadt Fürth Hof Erlangen Coburg Bayreuth Bamberg Augsburg München Aschaffenburg Amberg Ansbach Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Landkreis Unterallgäu Landkreis Traunstein Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Landkreis Starnberg Landkreis Schweinfurt Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Rottal-Inn Landkreis Roth Landkreis Rosenheim Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Landkreis Regen Landkreis Passau Landkreis Ostallgäu Landkreis Oberallgäu Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neu-Ulm Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen Landkreis München Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn Landkreis Miltenberg Landkreis Miesbach Landkreis Main-Spessart Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee) Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Landshut Landkreis Landsberg am Lech Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Kelheim Landkreis Hof Landkreis Haßberge Landkreis Günzburg Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau Landkreis Freising Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Erding Landkreis Eichstätt Landkreis Ebersberg Landkreis Donau-Ries Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau Landkreis Deggendorf Landkreis Dachau Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Cham Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Bad Kissingen Landkreis Augsburg Landkreis Aschaffenburg Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Landkreis Altötting Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg Bodensee Schweiz Österreich Baden-Württemberg Hessen Tschechien Sachsen Thüringenmap
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Falkenberg Castle
Konnersreuth

The district of Tirschenreuth is the northernmost district of the administrative district of Upper Palatinate in Eastern Bavaria . The county seat is the city of the same name Tirschenreuth . The district is a member of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region .

geography

location

The landscape of the Tirschenreuth district is determined by numerous fish ponds in the valleys and depressions as well as by spruce forests on the heights. Almost half of the area is covered with forest. In the west and north of the district, the mountain ranges of the stone forest and cabbage forest belonging to the Fichtel Mountains rise up. In the southwest is the Hessenreuther Wald , in the east and southeast of the Upper Palatinate Forest .

The highest elevations in the Steinwald are the Platte (946 m) and the Plößberg (820 m) and in the Upper Palatinate Forest the Entenbühl (901 m) and the Steinberg (802 m).

The largest rivers are the Waldnaab and the Fichtelnaab . There are also several streams, such as the Wondreb , the Muglbach , the Seibertsbach , the Sauerbach and the Kössein .

Neighboring areas

The district borders counterclockwise in the north, beginning with the districts of Wunsiedel in the Fichtelgebirge , Bayreuth and Neustadt an der Waldnaab . In the east it borders on the Czech administrative districts of Pilsen ( Plzeňský kraj ) and Karlsbad ( Karlovarský kraj ).

history

Regional courts

Most of the area in the Tirschenreuth district belonged to the Waldsassen monastery before 1800 and became part of Bavaria in 1803. In 1803 the regional courts of Waldsassen and Kemnath , and in 1804 the regional court of Tirschenreuth, were established. They belonged to the Naabkreis until 1810, then to the Mainkreis, which was renamed Obermainkreis in 1817 . In 1838 they came to the Regenkreis , which was then renamed Upper Palatinate and Regensburg (later only Upper Palatinate ). In 1849 the municipalities of the Kemnath, Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Waldsassen and Tirschenreuth regional courts formed the new Erbendorf regional court.

District Offices

The District Office Tirschenreuth was formed in 1862 through the merger of the district courts of the older order Tirschenreuth and Waldsassen. The district courts of Erbendorf and Kemnath were also merged to form the Kemnath district office.

On March 22, 1871, the Kemnath District Office ceded the Voithenthan community to the Tirschenreuth District Office.

On the occasion of the reform of the layout of the Bavarian district offices, the Tirschenreuth district office received municipalities from the Kemnath district office on January 1, 1880.

On January 1st, 1931 there were some border changes. The Kemnath district office transferred some communities to the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district office and the Bärnhöhe , Friedenfels , Helmbrechts, Hohenhard and Poppenreuth districts to the Tirschenreuth district office.

Counties

On January 1, 1939, as everywhere in the German Reich, the designation district was introduced. So the district offices became the districts of Kemnath and Tirschenreuth.

Tirschenreuth district

As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , the Tirschenreuth district was enlarged on July 1, 1972. Most of the disbanded Kemnath district and the communities of Erbendorf , Grötschenreuth , Hauxdorf, Krummennaab , Reuth bei Erbendorf , Röthenbach , Thumsenreuth , Wetzldorf and Wildenreuth from the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district were new to the district . The remaining area of ​​the district of Kemnath came to the district of Bayreuth in Upper Franconia and the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab.

On July 1, 1976, the Tirschenreuth district ceded the Manzenberg, Pfaffenreuth and Reutlas parts of the Lengenfeld community near Groschlattengrün to the Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel in the Fichtelgebirge. The three places were incorporated into the town of Marktredwitz . On January 1, 1978, the community of Hessenreuth moved to the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab and was incorporated into Pressath .

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tirschenreuth district with the relatively highest number of cases (infections and deaths) in Germany has appeared as part of the global COVID-19 pandemic . A strong beer festival that took place on March 7th in Mitterteich is believed to be the main cause .

Population development

From 1988 to 2008, the number of inhabitants in the Tirschenreuth district fell by around 1,600 or around 2%. Since the end of the 1990s, a high of 80,000 inhabitants was again reached, the trend has been falling again.

Between 1988 and 2018 the population decreased from 77,582 to 72,504 by 5,078 inhabitants or by 6.6%. 19 of 26 rural districts recorded a negative population balance of up to 16% in the period mentioned. The Kemnath area in the western district had the highest population growth.

The following figures refer to the territorial status on May 25, 1987.

Population development
year 1840 1900 1939 1950 1961 1970 1987 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Residents 47,465 52,147 62,535 86.032 80.964 83,757 77,865 79,689 80,524 79.993 77,729 74,802 73.314

Economy and Infrastructure

In the Future Atlas 2016, the Tirschenreuth district was ranked 233 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with a “balanced risk-opportunity mix” for the future.

The district was and is known for its porcelain and glass industries , which were located in Mitterteich, Tirschenreuth, Erbendorf, Waldershof and Krummennaab. Two of the last remaining porcelain manufacturers are Falkenporzellan in Bärnau and Tirschenreuth Porzellan. The glass industry only exists in Waldsassen and Mitterteich. The Waldsassener Glashütte Lamberts is the only manufacturer of hand-blown flat glass in Germany and delivers it all over the world. The Schott AG in Mitterteich is a major manufacturer of glass tubes for solar thermal and largest company in the district.

There is also the brickworks Waldsassen AG Hart Keramik in Waldsassen; the textile industry is represented in Wiesau and with Hatico Mode GmbH in Tirschenreuth. The button industry developed in Bärnau at the beginning of the last century , but has almost completely disappeared since the 1990s. One of the most famous companies in the district is Hamm AG in Tirschenreuth. It is the oldest still producing manufacturer of road rollers in Germany. There are plastics processing in Wiesau with Wiesauplast , in Waldsassen, Tirschenreuth, Plößberg and Immenreuth, metal industry in the cities of Waldershof and Kemnath ( Siemens Sector Healthcare ). With Ziegler Holzindustrie and the Liebensteiner cardboard box factory, other companies from other branches of the economy have settled in Plößberg.

Fish farming and the fishing industry are of major importance. 900 fishing companies manage a total of more than 4,000 ponds. Most of them are hobby pond owners who together manage around three to four hectares of pond area. About 2800 hectares are shared by 50 larger farms; ten of them exclusively farm carp and trout.

traffic

The hub of rail traffic is the Wiesau station, which is located on the Weiden-Mitterteich main line, opened in 1864 by the AG der Bayerische Ostbahnen , which reached Eger in 1865 and continued to Central Germany. A year earlier , the Ostbahn had already created a connection to Bayreuth from Weiden , which served the station in the former district town of Kemnath. The second train station with a Regional Express stop is Waldershof in the north of the district with connections to Nuremberg , Bayreuth and the neighboring town of Marktredwitz .

In 1872 the Wiesau - Tirschenreuth line was added. This was extended in 1903 by the Bavarian State Railways to Bärnau. The main line Schnabelwaid - Marktredwitz, also opened by this company in 1878, touched the stations Waldershof and Neusorg in the northwest of the district; From there there was a branch line from 1890 to Fichtelberg .

Wiesau's importance grew when, in 1882, a line from Marktredwitz joined the Eastern Railway. This made it possible to travel from Saxony to Bavaria without crossing Austrian territory near Eger. South of Wiesau, in Reuth train station, a local train to the city of Erbendorf branched off from 1909; there was also a freight railway to Friedenfels .

In the years 1972 to 1976 and 1986 to 1989 the local railways with a length of 58 kilometers ceased passenger traffic. The main route Weiden – Oberkotzau remained , on which the alex connects Wiesau with Munich, Regensburg and Hof. The Oberpfalzbahn also serves the small train stations in Reuth near Erbendorf and Pechbrunn.

The federal motorway 93 ( Hof  - Weiden  - Schwandorf  - Regensburg ) runs through the Tirschenreuth district ; there are four connection points. The federal roads 15 (Neustadt / Waldnaab - Tirschenreuth  - Mitterteich to Hof), 22 (Altenstadt / Waldnaab - Erbendorf  - Kemnath to Bayreuth ), 299 ( Waldsassen  - Mitterteich - Falkenberg - Erbendorf to Pressath ) cross the district. There are 269 km of state roads in the district and the district road network is 268 km long.

politics

District administrators

Until 1938 the designation was district administrator , from 1939 then district administrator. In 1946 the district administrator was elected for the first time by the district council and in 1952 direct election of the district administrator was introduced.

  • Adolf Hezner (1909–1914) (1931–1936 Senate President at the Bavarian Administrative Court )
  • Karl Durst (June 1923-April 1928) (1935–1939 President of the State Labor Office Bavaria)
  • Adam Vogl (June 1933 – August 1942) (NSdAP since 1935, deposed in 1942)
  • Max Kuttenfelder (May 1945 – May 1946) (SPD)
  • Hans Fridrich (May 1946 – July 1946) (CSU) (election was not confirmed by the American occupation forces)
  • Max Kuttenfelder (July 1946) (SPD)
  • Otto Freundl (August 1946 – July 1948) (CSU)
  • Franz Sproß (July 1948 – March 1964) (CSU)
  • Otto Freundl (March 1964–1972) (CSU)
  • Franz Weigl (1972–1991) (CSU) first district administrator after the regional reform
  • Karl Haberkorn (1991–2008) (Free Voters)
  • Wolfgang Lippert (2008-2020) (Free Voters)
  • Roland Grillmeier (since May 1, 2020) (CSU)

District council

District election 2020
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
42.0%
13.3%
21.0%
9.0%
2.4%
10.2%
2.1%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
-0.6  % p
-5.7  % p
-0.5  % p
+ 2.8  % p
+ 0.5  % p
+1.4  % p
+ 2.1  % p.p.

Result of the district election on March 15, 2020 :

Political party Seats
CSU 21st
SPD 7th
Free voters 11
GREEN 4th
FDP 1
Future Tirschenreuth 5
ÖDP 1

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Tirschenreuth district
 Blazon : “Split by black and silver; in front a red crowned and red armored lion turned to the left, behind a red dragon's body over a lowered blue bar. "
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms was newly created in 1974. The golden lion on a black background indicates on the one hand the Rhineland Palatinate electors and the state in Bavaria that they own , the Upper Palatinate . On the other hand, the lion also shows the development of the Waldsassen monastery , which led from the independent imperial abbey to the Electoral Palatinate and to the Tirschenreuth district office.

The body of the dragon , which as a whole was part of the coat of arms of the Waldsassen monastery , indicates the margraves of the Diepoldinger family . According to an officious interpretation, the cut dragon is also supposed to express that essential rights were curtailed in the Stiftland when it was degraded by the Reichsstift to an Upper Palatinate resident. In fact, the dragon has only been in this "reduced" form in the coat of arms of what is now the greater district since 1974, when the "Leuchtenberger bar" was included in the national emblem (see following paragraph). Previously it was "unabated" (completely) included in the district coat of arms. Finally, the red-silver color combination of this rear coat of arms also reminds of the imperial position of the Waldsassen monastery during the Hohenstaufen rule.

The blue bar in the white field indicates the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg . Some parts of the territory that were formerly owned by them (until 1283), namely the former Waldeck with Kemnath, became part of the new district of Tirschenreuth during the territorial reform in 1972. But at that time the Leuchtenbergers also had several fiefdoms in the Waldsassen area. Thus, the "Leuchtenberger Bar" stands for the parts of what is now the greater district of Tirschenreuth, which formerly belonged to the Kemnath district , but is also an integrating symbol for the enlarged circle.

Culture and sights

Museums

The most important museums in the district are the Stiftland Museum in Waldsassen , the Oberpfälzer Fischereimuseum in Tirschenreuth and the German Button Museum in Bärnau .

The mining and local history museum in Erbendorf shows exhibits from the history of regional mining as well as from the geological and economic past of the city of Erbendorf . Since January 2010, the Mitterteich Museum - Porcelain, Glass, Crafts - has been providing an insight into the history of porcelain in the region.

Other museums include the Mineral Museum in Mähring , the Glass Melting Furnace Construction and Glass Museum in Plößberg , the Local History and Handgun Museum in Kemnath and the Tirschenreuth Museum Quarter .

The Bärnau-Tachov History Park has also been open since August 1, 2011 , where you can learn about the history of the settlement and everyday life in the 9th to 14th centuries.

Attractions

  • Sights in the district

  • The blacksmith from Mitterteich

  • Egerland half-timbered house in Neualbenreuth ⊙

  • Waldsassen Collegiate Basilica

  • Great Kappl near Waldsassen

  • The town hall of Tirschenreuth

  • Falkenberg Castle

natural beauties

Communities

(Area in km² on December 31, 2001, population as of December 31, 2019)

Cities

  1. Bärnau (3105)
  2. Erbendorf (5033)
  3. Kemnath (5494)
  4. Mitterteich (6580)
  5. Tirschenreuth (8712)
  6. Waldershof (4261)
  7. Waldsassen (6668)

Markets

  1. Bad Neualbenreuth (1348)
  2. Falkenberg (934)
  3. Fuchsmuehl (1527)
  4. Konnersreuth (1729)
  5. Mahring (1751)
  6. Plößberg (3220)
  7. Wiesau (4012)
Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Erbendorf Pullenreuth Kastl (bei Kemnath) Waldershof Kemnath Wiesau Waldsassen Tirschenreuth Reuth bei Erbendorf Plößberg Pechbrunn Neusorg Neualbenreuth Mitterteich Mähring Leonberg (Oberpfalz) Kulmain Krummennaab Konnersreuth Fuchsmühl Friedenfels Falkenberg (Oberpfalz) Ebnath Brand (Oberpfalz) Bärnau Immenreuth TschechienMunicipalities in TIR.svg
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Other communities

  1. Fire (1138)
  2. Ebnath (1269)
  3. Friedenfels (1223)
  4. Immenreuth (1858)
  5. Kastl (1410)
  6. Krummennaab (1457)
  7. Kulmain (2241)
  8. Leonberg (1022)
  9. Neusorg (1919)
  10. Pechbrunn (1354)
  11. Pullenreuth (1663)
  12. Reuth near Erbendorf (1118)

Administrative communities

  1. Kemnath
    (town of Kemnath and municipality of Kastl)
  2. Krummennaab
    (municipalities of Krummennaab and Reuth near Erbendorf)
  3. Mitterteich
    (City of Mitterteich and the communities of Leonberg and Pechbrunn)
  4. Neusorg
    (municipalities of Brand, Ebnath, Neusorg and Pullenreuth)
  5. Wiesau
    (Markt Falkenberg and Markt Wiesau)
Former parishes

The following communities lost their independence while they belonged to the Tirschenreuth district:

1 Until 1972 in the Kemnath district

Protected areas

In the Tirschenreuth district there are seven nature reserves , six landscape protection areas , 20 FFH areas and at least 77 geotopes designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (as of August 2016).

See also

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive TIR sign when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It is still issued today.

Until the 1990s, vehicles from the old district of Kemnath received license plates with the letter pairs KA to UZ and the numbers from 1 to 99.

The distinguishing mark KEM (Kemnath) has also been available since July 10, 2013 .

Others

  • The Frais , an area of ​​mixed jurisdiction until the 19th century

See also

literature

  • Our district of Tirschenreuth / Bavarian Publishing House Bamberg.
  • Tirschenreuth district , Hof 1980.
  • Hiking in the Tirschenreuth district , Walter Pilsak, publisher: Tirschenreuth district 1984.
  • Ingild Janda-Busl : Jews in the Tirschenreuth district, Volume 1: Erbendorf and Kemnath . Erich Weiß Verlag, Bamberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-940821-13-3 .
  • Ingild Janda-Busl: Jews in the Tirschenreuth district, Volume 2: Bärnau and Mitterteich . Erich Weiß Verlag, Bamberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-940821-14-0 .
  • Ingild Janda-Busl: Jews in the Tirschenreuth district, Volume 3: Waldsassen . Erich Weiß Verlag, Bamberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-940821-27-0 .
  • Bernhard Setzwein et al .: Land of a thousand ponds (illustrated book), Buch & Kunstverlag Oberpfalz, 1999, ISBN 3-924350-74-4 .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Tirschenreuth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b sheet "Data 2", Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 579 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 97 .
  4. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of Bavaria into rural districts and independent cities of December 27, 1971
  5. ^ District office of the Tirschenreuth district: Coronavirus: First case in the Tirschenreuth district . March 11, 2020. Online at www.kreis-tir.de. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  6. ↑ ONetz: Söder announces corona study for the Tirschenreuth district . April 4, 2020. Online at www.onetz.de. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  7. ↑ Katarina Amtmann, Bayerischer Landkreis is a coronavirus hotspot - and even dwarfs New York , merkur.de, April 8, 2020
  8. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prognos.com
  9. ↑ Everything revolves around the fish, in Nordbayerischer Kurier of May 3, 2012, p. 31
  10. ↑ https://www.historikerkommission-reichsarbeitsministerium.de/Biografien/Karl-Durst
  11. ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of the Tirschenreuth district  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 5, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Information from the district on the coat of arms
  13. ↑ Heraldry of the World (English)
  14. ↑ The New Day ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Edition of June 29, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oberpfalznetz.de