Schönkirch

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Schönkirch
Plößberg market
Coordinates: 49 ° 47 ′ 35 ″  N , 12 ° 17 ′ 24 ″  E
Residents : 522  (2017) https://ploessberg.de/
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 95703
Area code : 09636

The village of Schönkirch in the northern Upper Palatinate is a district of the Plößberg market in the Tirschenreuth district .

history

Schönkirch was, together with Plößberg and Wildenau, one of the Bohemian fiefdoms in the Bavarian northern district . The mentioned court stamps were registered in the Bavarian or Palatinate-Neuburgische Landtafel , but they received the manorial rights from the Crown of Bohemia. This situation was not ended until the Peace of Pressburg in 1805.

Schönkirch had been populated to a significant extent at least since the 12th century, the period when the church was first built, but it was only documented as a noble residence from 1343 on the occasion of the documentary mention of a local resident named "Gottfried der Gleißenthaler zu Schönkirch". In the following centuries the seat was pledged or sold again and again. In the year 1397 the Kagrer owners were, followed in the 15th century by the Redwitzer , Parsberger and Wildenfelser , in the 16th century the Sparnecker (1546), the Petzensteiner (1577) and in the 17th century the Reitzensteiner (1607). Presumably the buildings of the first manor house had long been demolished by this time, because the oldest picture of Schönkirch from 1600 shows nothing of it.

Schönkirch had been a fiefdom of the Freiherr von Reitzenstein since 1615 and remained as a knightly man's fiefdom with this family, which in 1803 was enfeoffed again by the crown of Bohemia. In the 18th century a simple baroque palace was built under the Reitz Steinem at some distance to the old church with two bullets in the 19th century, this how that went Reuth Castle at Heritage Village by marriage to the family of Podewils over, but fell slowly and was in 20 Century converted into a parish church after being used as a button factory.

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent community of Schönkirch was incorporated into the Plößberg market.

Churches in Schönkirch

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates of the churches in Schönkirch: OSM

Evangelical Church of St. Michael

Evangelical Church of St. Michael

Building fabric

The former Simultankirche St. Michael, formerly St. Jakobus, is a Romanesque choir tower church . Its ashlar substructure dates from the second half of the 12th century. The church is plastered inside and out. Smoothly hewn granite ashlars at a height of approx. 30–35 cm are visible under the plaster of the basement of the nave and tower. The tall and slender steeple is the former castle keep , where the small nave, possibly the former Palas followed.

A slightly recessed square choir with a smooth groin vault is separated from the double groin vaulted nave with a central belt arch by a girdle arch on wall pillars with spars made of plate and throat between bulges. Towards the choir, a round, deeply tiered triumphal arch with batters made of plate and bulge is continued as a cranked cornice to the longitudinal walls.

The original round portal in the south is walled up. Only a small Romanesque arched window has been preserved on the east wall, all other windows were enlarged in the Baroque era . The west entrance with porch dates from the 18th century.

Steinstadel in Schönkirch

The wooden gallery was once reached from an external entrance on the west side, which is now walled up, from the inside probably only through a wooden staircase or not at all. A ladder led up from there to an upper floor with narrow niches, little windows and a round arched door to the tower.

This profane upper floor was probably built and plastered from rubble stones in a second construction phase, its actual function is unclear. From it two arched entrances lead into the upper part of the tower with additional corner blocks, everything was probably created in the late Gothic period. According to the floor plan, a second, habitable upper floor and a much higher tower should have existed, which were demolished in the first half of the 18th century due to dilapidation.

The tower has a somewhat domed pyramid roof, which ended around 1600 with a gable roof and stepped gables. On the nave there is a gable roof hewn to the west.

The church is surrounded by barns that still show clear traces of the castle.

Furnishing

The main altar is adorned with a carved crucifixion group from around 1720 with a lush arcanthus frame, with a figure of St. Michael at the top , and figures of the apostles Peter and Paul above the side passages. The chair cheeks with frame and fittings date from the end of the 17th century and are similar to those in St. Peter's Church in Tirschenreuth . There is also an old herringbone brick pavement in the church.

function

It is assumed that there was once a brick mansion right next to the church, the main building of which was connected to the upper entrance of the gallery and the secular upper floor via a wooden bridge construction. There are similar constellations in some other Romanesque country churches with profane upper floors in the Upper Palatinate and Lower Bavaria. The purpose of the profane upper rooms has not been conclusively clarified; it may have been asylum or refuge sites that were created during the time of the Crusades.

Location & sources

Catholic branch church St. Michael

Catholic branch church St. Michael

The modern church is of lesser importance in terms of art history, it was only built between 1929 and 1933, including the palace from the 18th century. It is unusual that the chancel is designed as a transverse structure to the nave. The south tower has an upper floor built from rough blocks and an oversized tail helmet. In the church there are stained glass windows with Saints Michael and Johannes Baptista from 1932.

location

literature

  • G. Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments, Bavaria V, Regensburg and Upper Palatinate. Munich 2008.
  • Heribert Sturm: Tirschenreuth (pp. 225–233). (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern issue 21). Commission for Bavarian State History, Michael Lassleben Verlag, Munich 1970.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 580 .

Web links

Commons : Schönkirch  - Collection of Images