Diepoldinger Rapotonen

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The Diepoldinger and Rapotonen , known today mainly as the Margraves of Cham-Vohburg , were two closely related noble families who are often represented in the specialist literature as a cohesive sex, the Diepoldinger-Rapotonen . The Diepoldinger were once counts in the Swabian Augstgau and Durigau and in the Bavarian Nordgau . The Rapotonen were counts in Traungau and Nordgau. The entire family was related to numerous noble families in southeast Germany, the Staufers , the Guelphs and the Zähringers . It was one of the most powerful and influential families in the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the middle of the 12th century. It owed its rise above all to the Salier emperors . With the transfer of imperial dignity to the Staufer, the power of the Diepoldinger Rapotonen began to wane. Between 1256 and 1258, the last members died in the wake of the Hohenstaufen in Italian captivity, with which the sex finally died out.

history

The oldest known member of the Diepoldinger family was Diepold I , who died in 955 at the battle of the Lechfeld . He was Count in Augstgau and had extensive possessions around Dillingen on the Danube and Giengen on the Brenz . His granddaughter married the Traungaugrafen Rapoto II. , Son of the eldest Rapoton Rapoto I , and thus established the inseparable connection between the Diepoldinger and the Rapoton.

In 1059 King Heinrich IV curtailed the power of the Diepoldinger Rapotonen as far as possible in Augstgau by donating the forest ban to Bishop Heinrich II of Augsburg .

Around the middle of the 11th century, the Margraviate Cham was owned by Heinrich III. founded. Due to the Bohemian threat, his successor Heinrich IV expanded it with the help of ministerial castles as a bulwark around the central Imperial Castle of Cham. In 1050 Sizzo appeared there, son of the Chiemgaugrafen Sighard . His sister was with the Diepoldsberg Inger married Augstgrafen Diepoldsberg I.. The possession of Sizzo then fell to the Diepoldinger , which gave them fiefdoms in the Nordgau. With the rich legacy, Diepold I managed to compensate for the loss of the county in Augstgau. In 1077 his son Diepold II appears as Margrave of Nabburg . The Rapotons appeared in the Margraviate of Cham as early as 1073 .

Together, the families name themselves as the Margraves of Cham and Nabburg and became loyal followers of the Salians . Your closest competitors at that time were the Counts of Sulzbach . They developed a coherent aristocratic rule in the Nordgau through clearing, castle building and ministerial administration.

In the investiture dispute between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII , the Rapotons were close followers of the emperor. As a result, Diepold II fell in 1078 at the battle of Mellrichstadt , two years later his brother Rapoto III. at the Battle of Hohenmölsen an der Grune. However, the conflict also led to a significant increase in power. Ulrich von Passau received extensive possessions in Eastern Bavaria on the Danube and Inn, in the Upper Palatinate and in the Rottachgau and became Burgrave of Passau . His brother Rapoto V. von Cham took over the office of Count Palatine from the late Kuno von Rott in 1082 . He held it until his death in April 1099.

Due to Henry IV's alliance with the Přemyslids , the Cham and Nabburg brands lost their importance and became imperial fiefs of the Diepoldinger Rapotons.

Diepold III. acquired, among other things, the Mark Cham and the lordship of Vohburg an der Donau as well as possessions in Chiemgau, Swabia and Austria (Rohrau, Petronell) from his cousin Count Palatine Rapoto V of Bavaria, who died in 1099, and he also extended his rule through regional development in Egerland clearly. He was unable to secure the former possessions of Ulrich in Rottachgau and in southern Bavaria. These were lost to the Spanheimers with the marriage of Ulrich's daughter Uta to Engelbert II .

During the conflict between Henry IV and his son Heinrich V , the Rapotons were on the side of the emperor's son. Diepold III. was significantly involved in the uprising of the Nordgau aristocracy against the emperor in 1105. In the following years he played an important role in Henry V's imperial policy. It was through its promotion that the sex reached its peak.

In 1118 Diepold founded the house monastery, the Reichenbach Abbey , and in 1133 the Waldsassen Abbey . Diepold's power is clearly evident in the marriage of his daughter Adela to Friedrich Barbarossa . However, this marriage also sealed the decline of the Diepoldinger Rapotonen. Diepold died in 1148. In the same year, the Egerland was by King Konrad III. separated from the Mark Nabburg and the power of the Diepolding margraves significantly restricted. At the same time, the development of the Staufer empire began. The sex now concentrated its sphere of influence on the Cham basin.

The Diepoldinger Rapotonen divided after Diepold III. in two lines. The Cham line died out in 1204 with Margrave Berthold II. His possessions around Cham and Vohburg an der Donau fell to his brother-in-law, Duke Ludwig I of Bavaria. The Diepoldinger died out in 1238; last they were Margraves of Nabburg.

The younger line went out in 1256 and 1258 as followers of the Hohenstaufen. Berthold III. von Vohburg was the regent of Sicily for the minor Konradin von Hohenstaufen . He and his two brothers Otto and Ludwig, the last Rapotons, were thrown into prison by the new Sicilian King Manfred on February 2, 1256 and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. They died there over the next two years. As a result, the remaining possessions in the Mark Nabburg, in the central and northern Upper Palatinate, fell to the Wittelsbach family .

The formation of territories in the northern part of the Diepoldinger Rapotonen got stuck in the beginning. The Margraviate of Cham always remained the focus of their sphere of influence. The main achievement of the family was the colonization and development of the Bavarian northern forest (Upper Palatinate Forest) up to the Egerland.

Significant personalities of the entire gender were:

Tribe list

  1. Rapoto I. , count in the upper Traungau , * before 956 , died after 984
    1. Ratpoto II. , Count in the upper Traungau 1006, attested around 1020, ⚭ NN, daughter of Count Riwin I in Oberdillingen , descendant of Count Diepold († 955), a brother of Saint Ulrich
      1. Rapoto (Razo) III. († June 19, 1050 ), Count von Dießen , Count in the Bavarian and Swabian Augstgau, either married to Hemma, daughter of Luitpold , Margrave of the Bavarian Ostmark ( Babenberger ), or married to Beatrix, either daughter of Friedrich I. von Andechs or daughter Bertholds I. on the upper Isar
      2. Ulrich I († March 5?) (After Wilhelm Wegener ), count around the mouth of the Salzach 1027–1051
        1. Ulrich II. († January 19 around 1096), count around the mouth of the Salzach; the county then fell to the Sieghardinger
      3. Dietpold (Diepold) I. († May 18, probably 1060), Count 1020/59, Count in Augstgau and Keltenstein , either married to Adela, daughter of Count Sigehard, or with NN von Schweinfurt, daughter of Count Heinrich
        1. Rapoto IV. (X October 15, 1080 in the Battle of Hohenmölsen ), Count, 1070/94 Count of Cham, 1059 Vogt of St. Emmeram , ⚭ I before 1065 Mathilde, daughter of Count Siegfried VII. In Chiemgau ( Sieghardinger ) or ⚭ I Mathilde von Wels-Lambach , daughter of Count Arnold II, ⚭ II NN
          1. Rapoto V. (I.) († April 14, 1099 in Regensburg ), 1083 Count, 1082 / 86-1099 Count Palatine of Bavaria, Vogt of St. Emmeram, Mittelmünster and St. Paul in Regensburg and Münchsmünster , ⚭ Elisabeth from Lorraine, Tested in 1086/99, widow of Kuno II von Rott and Vohburg (X 1081 Höchstädt an der Donau ), Vogt of St. Paul in Regensburg
          2. Ulrich († February 24, 1099 ), Count of Finningen , Count of Passau , ⚭ Adelheid von Frontenhausen († between 1105 and no later than 1111/1112), daughter of Kuno von Lechsgemünd and Mechtild von Achalm , widow of Count Marquart von Marquartstein , married Count Berengar I von Sulzbach († 1125), founder of Baumburg Abbey , in his third marriage
            1. Uta (* around 1085; † February 9, probably 1150), ⚭ Engelbert II. Von Sponheim († 1141 ), Duke of Carinthia , Margrave of Istria , Vogt of St. Paul
          3. Mathilde († probably 1125), ⚭ Ulrich III. († 1097), Count von Ratelnberg-Windberg from the House of Formbach , 1083 Vogt of Göttweig Abbey
          4. Hermann († March 18, 1133 ), around 1095 Pater zu Cham, 1096 Elekt and 1099–1133 Bishop of Augsburg , was bribed to the bishop's seat, but in 1122 this was legitimized by the Worms Concordat .
          5. Hedwig, ⚭ Wolfram II., Count of Abenberg
          6. Ita (after Wegener), ⚭ Leopold II (* around 1051 - † October 12, 1095), Margrave of Austria
        2. Mathilde († September 30 ...), 1092 spiritual, ⚭ Friedrich I († July 17, 1071 ), Count of Tengling ( Sieghardinger )
        3. Diepold II. Von Giengen an der Brenz (X August 7, 1078 in the Battle of Mellrichstadt ), Margrave in Nordgau , ⚭ Luitgarde von Zähringen († probably 1119), daughter of Duke Berthold II. Of Carinthia ( Zähringer )
          1. Berthold I († April 7th ...), Margrave of Giengen
          2. Diepold III. (* 1075 ; † 1146 ), Margrave of Nabburg , Vohburg and Cham, ⚭ I before 1118 Adelajda of Poland (* 1090/91, † 1127 ), daughter of Prince Władysław I. Herman , ⚭ II Kunigunde von Beichlingen from the House of Northeim , Daughter of Count Kuno, widow after Wiprecht III. , Count von Groitzsch , III ⚭ Sofie, sister of the Hungarian Count Stefan
            1. Diepold IV. († 1128 ), Margrave of Vohburg, ⚭ Mathilde von Bayern († February 16, 1183 ), daughter of Duke Heinrich the Black ( Welfen )
              1. Diepold V. the Younger (* before 1128; † November 13, probably 1158 in the field in Italy), Margrave of Vohburg and Cham 1147–1158
              2. Daughter , ⚭ Gebhard I († probably 1168), Count von Leuchtenberg , buried in Endorf
            2. Liutgard († September 25 ...), ⚭ Volkrat († before 1160), Count von Lechsgemünd from 1135 to around 1145
            3. Euphemia, ⚭ Heinrich III. von Windberg from the House of Formbach , Count of Assel (* 1146 after August 3)
            4. Judith (Jutta) († February 20, probably 1175), ⚭ around 1134 Friedrich III. († April 11, probably 1148), from the Bogen house , Domvogt of Regensburg, buried in Jerusalem
            5. Adela , heiress of the Egerland , ⚭ I before March 2, 1147 in Eger , divorced in March 1153 in Konstanz , Friedrich I. Barbarossa († 1190 ) 1147 Duke of Swabia , 1152 German King, 1155 Emperor, ⚭ II Dieto von Ravensburg , Welf Ministerial, 1152–1180 attested
            6. Berthold II. († September 15, 1182 ), 1154 Margrave of Cham, 1157 Margrave of Vohburg , around 1160 Vogt of Reichenbach , 1174 Vogt of Seeon , Vogt of St. Paul in Regensburg, ⚭ NN (Adelheid?) Daughter of Count Albrecht from Ballenstedt
              1. Berthold III. († May 25, 1204 ), 1189 Margrave of Vohburg, after his death Vohburg and Cham fell to Duke Ludwig I of Bavaria, ⚭ Elisabeth von Wittelsbach († probably 1189/90 in the Bitburg Monastery ), daughter of Duke Otto I of Bavaria ( Wittelsbacher )
            7. Kunigunde († November 22, 1184 as a spiritual widow (from 1180) to Admont ), ⚭ before 1146 Otakar III. († December 31, 1164 ), 1129–1164 Margrave of Steyr
            8. Adelheid, ⚭ Poppo III. († before 1181), Count von Laufen 1139–1176
            9. Sophia († March 12, 1176 ), ⚭ I Herrand II. Von Falkenstein and Hernstein († April 13, probably 1155), ⚭ II around 1155 Conrad II († September 12, probably 1195), Count von Peilstein
            10. Diepold VI. († October 21, 1193 ), 1172 Count von Vohburg, ⚭ NN (Adelheid?) Daughter of Count Albrecht von Ballenstedt
              1. Diepold VII. († December 26, 1225 ), 1205 Margrave of Vohburg, buried in Kastl , ⚭ Mechtild von Wasserburg 1192–1238 attested, daughter of Count Dietrich von Wasserburg-Viechtenstein, Hallgraf, widow of Friedrich II., Count von Hohenburg im Nordgau
                1. Berthold IV († in prison between February 2, 1256 and September 1257), Margrave von Hohenburg , 1251 Conte d ' Ascoli , Grand Marshal of the Kingdom of Sicily , 1254 Regent of Sicily, ⚭ Isolda von Lancia, daughter of Margrave Manfred von Lancia
                2. Diepold VIII., 1243 Margrave of Hohenburg , 1247 Imperial Vicar General in Northern Italy, attested from 1232–1247, ⚭ Tommasina, daughter of Count Walter von Manupello
                  1. Berthold V.
                  2. Januarius
                3. Otto († in prison between February 2, 1256 and March 21, 1258), 1249 Margrave of Hohenburg , 1254 Conte di Chieti
                4. Ludwig († between February 2, 1256 and March 21, 1258), attested in 1232, 1254 Conte de Cotrone
                5. Richiza († August 10, 1266 ), attested in 1237, prioress of the Holy Cross in Regensburg in 1260 , ⚭ probably April 13, 1237 Heinrich I († February 15, 1241 ), Count of Ortenberg
                6. Hedwig († June 8, 1265 ), buried in Kastl , ⚭ Markwart I. von Arnsberg and Heideck 1253–1263 († before June 9, 1278)
          3. Konrad, around 1110
          4. ? Adelheid von Mochental († spiritually December 1, probably 1127), ⚭ Heinrich I († September 24, before 1116 as a monk in Zwiefalten ), Count von Berg , buried in Zwiefalten
        4. Heinrich I (after Wegener) († September 24 before 1116), Count von Berg in Schaben, ⚭ Adelheid von Mochental († December 1, 1125), daughter of Diepold II von Giengen and Liutgard von Zähringen
          1. Heinrich II. († February 24 before 1127)
          2. Diepold II († May 19, 1160/1165)
          3. Rapoto († June 25)
          4. Salome (* before 1101; † July 27, 1144), ⚭ 1115 Boleslaw III. († October 28, 1138), Duke of Poland
          5. Richinza († September 27, 1125), around 1110 ⚭ Vladislav I († September 27, 1125), Duke of Bohemia
          6. Sophia († May 31, 1126), ⚭ Otto II († February 28, 1126), Duke of Moravia
        5. Ulrich von Gosham (after Wegener) († 1083), ancestor of the Counts of Raabs , Burgraves of Nuremberg, lords and counts of Deggendorf and Pernegg

literature

  • Tobias Küss: The older Diepoldinger as margraves in Bavaria (1077−1204) - noble rulership formation in the high Middle Ages (Munich Contributions to History 8), Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-8316-4261-8 .
  • Lioba Throner: The Diepoldinger and their ministries. A contribution to the history of aristocratic rule formation in the 11th and 12th centuries. Dissertation Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 1944.
  • Richard Loibl : The rulership of the Counts of Vornbach and their successors (Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Altbayern Series II, Issue 5), Munich 1997, pp. 149–164.
  • Wolfgang Rappel: Diepoldinger, Margrave. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 138 ( digitized version ).
  • Wolfgang Rappel: Rapotones. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 613 ( digitized version ).
  • Michael Doeberl : Regesta and documents on the history of the Dipoldinger margraves on the Nordgau , Buchner Verlag, Bamberg 1893.
  • Kamillo Trotter: Die Grafen von Vohburg , in: Genealogisches Handbuch zur Baierisch-Austrian history, ed. by Otto Dungern, Graz 1931.
  • Detlev Schwennicke: European Family Tables , Volume XVI, 1995.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k History of the Diepoldinger family on GenMa
  2. ↑ a b History of the Mark Cham
  3. ↑ a b c d e Wolfgang Rappel: Diepoldinger, Markgrafen. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 138 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Loibl: Vornbacher , p. 154 ff
  5. ^ Adelheid, von Lechsgemünd in Deutsche Biographie, online at deutsche-biographie.de
  6. ^ Jürgen Dendorfer : The Counts of Sulzbach. P. 185 and footnote 50 on p. 187; PDF file p. 8, 10 of 35 pages ( digitized version )
  7. ↑ Loibl: Vornbacher , p. 161