1099

Calendar overview 1099

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1099
The army of the First Crusade besieged and conquered the city of Jerusalem .	Godfrey of Bouillon becomes the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem .
In the battle of Askalon the crusaders defeat the Fatimids under al-Afdal Shahanshah .
1099 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	547/548 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1091/92
Buddhist calendar	1642/43 (southern Buddhism); 1641/42 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	63rd (64th) cycle Year of the Earth- Rabbit 己卯 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Tiger 戊寅)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	461/462 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	477/478 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	492/493 (November 16-17)
Jewish calendar	4859/60 (September 18-19)
Coptic calendar	815/816
Malayalam calendar	274/275
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1409/10 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1410/11 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1137
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1155/56 (turn of the year April)

Events

January: The army under Raymond IV moves on to Jerusalem . Bohemond of Taranto remains as lord of the new principality of Antioch . This second crusader state stretches from the Mediterranean in the west to near Aleppo in the east. In the north it borders on the county of Edessa , in the south it extends to the central Syrian highlands.
February to May: Raimund's crusaders besieged (unsuccessfully) the fortress Arqa near Tripoli . Meanwhile, the Egyptian caliph in Cairo , al-Musta'li , allows them to go to Jerusalem as peaceful pilgrims. The young ruler has not yet understood that the Christians want to conquer the city.
May: The First Crusade army conquers Jaffa .

The siege of Jerusalem by the crusaders in 1099, depiction around 1300

June 7th : The siege of Jerusalem by the army of the First Crusade begins.
July 15 : The First Crusade conquers Jerusalem. This is followed by a massacre of the city's Muslim and Jewish population. The exact number of victims is controversial and is between 3,000 and 30,000.
16 July : Godfrey of Bouillon is as advocate Sancti sepulchri ( "protector of the Holy Sepulcher") for the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem , but rejected the kingship off because he "did not want to wear a crown in the city where Jesus Christ the I wore a crown of thorns ”.
August 12 : The crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon win the battle of Askalon over a Fatimid army under al-Afdal Shahanshah , who is fleeing back to Egypt. The city of Askalon remains under Fatimid rule and becomes the base of operations for attacks on Jerusalem.

Transfer of power from Heinrich IV to his son Heinrich V, illustration from the Chronicle of Ekkehard von Aura

January 6th : Henry V becomes co-king in the Holy Roman Empire.
The Almoravids under Ali ibn al-Hajj continue to besiege Valencia . On July 10 dies El Cid in Valencia.

May 29th : Cáenchomrac Ua Baigill is consecrated Bishop of Armagh .
July 29th : Election of the Pope 1099 : After the death of Urban II , Paschal II is elected Pope and crowned on August 14th . In the investiture dispute , he followed the policy of his predecessor. Antipope Clement III. continues to maintain his claim to the throne of Peter.

20 / 24 February : Ulrich of Passau , Viscount of Passau
April 8 : Walter von Pontoise , Benedictine monk and saint (* around 1030 )
April 13th : Konrad , Bishop of Utrecht
April 14th : Rapoto V of Bavaria , Count Palatine of Bavaria
April 20 : Peter Bartholomew , French monk and mystic, participant in the first crusade

July 10 : Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (" El Cid "), Castilian knight and mercenary leader; Spanish national hero (* around 1043 )
July 29th : Urban II , Pope (* around 1035 )
August 21 : Erhard III. , Lord of Le Puiset and Vice-Count of Chartres, participant in the First Crusade

October 2 : Theodoros Gabras , Byzantine military commander
November 17th : Udalrich I , Bishop of Eichstätt
November 21 : Hermann III. von Hochstaden , Archbishop of Cologne (* around 1055 )
November: Elvira von Toro , Spanish Infanta
December 3 : Osmund von Sées , Bishop of Salisbury and Catholic Blessed

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