Falkenstein (Bavarian noble family)

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Falkenstein coat of arms in Codex Falkensteinensis from 1166

The Counts of Falkenstein (from 1125 Counts of Falkenstein-Neuburg ) were a Bavarian noble family that represented one of the more important dynasties during the Staufer period .

Domination and possession

Ownership of the Counts of Neuburg-Falkenstein and the Weyarn Monastery in the Inn and Mangfall valleys around 1200

The Falkensteiners, who had their oldest possessions in the valley of the Große Vils and in the Inn valley in the south of today's district of Rosenheim , ruled over vast lands in their heyday as far as Tyrol , the Mangfall valley , Lower Austria and the Chiemgau .

The Codex Falkensteinensis compiled in 1166 offers an unusually detailed snapshot of the rule and property of the count family . At that time, the Count's House under Siboto IV owned the four castles Falkenstein over the Inn , Neuburg an der Mangfall, Hartmannsberg near Hemhof am Chiemsee and Hernstein near Baden in Lower Austria. Around each of these castles was a lordship with various possessions (e.g. land) and rights (e.g. bailiwick and court), which was administered by an administrator ( procurator or praepositus ) on behalf of the family.

The Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Staufer , areas of the Neuburg-Falkensteiner, which was already in decline at that time (red hatched on a yellow background), are located southeast of Munich and east of Kufstein .

Altenburg , Herantstein in Upper Austria , Antwurt (today's answer) near Endorf were added later . Other administrative locations included Aibling and Prien .

history

The Falkensteiners probably go back to Patto von Dilching, who lived at the beginning of the 11th century . Reginolt de Valchensteine is the first Falkensteiner mentioned in a document in 1115.

The allodial property of the Falkensteiner, to which the family traced their aristocratic origin and which was not acquired through passive loan , was near Geislbach (today part of the municipality of Taufkirchen an der Vils ) in the valley of the Große Vils. The goods on the Inn are said to be property acquired later, which was alienated from the original owner when he was abandoned after the Hungarian invasions .

By marriage in 1125 it was merged with the Weyarn-Neuburg count line. Shortly afterwards, the Falkensteiners founded the Weyarn Monastery (1133).

The 12th century was the heyday of the noble family. At that time, the Neuburg-Falkensteiners had vast possessions that included castles, towns and lands in Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , Tyrol , Upper Austria and Lower Austria . In addition, they performed administrative tasks on behalf of the Archdiocese of Salzburg . The Archbishop of Salzburg, Eberhard I , had entrusted Siboto von Neuburg-Falkenstein with the administration of the Chiemsee Provost , over the archbishopric lands of this region and the administration of the Weyarn Monastery. Due to the close connection with the Weyarn Monastery, there were also numerous Bavarian monasteries and church estates in the indirect sphere of influence of the Falkensteiners.

When after the dismissal of the Lion Henry the Bavarian duke the Wittelsbach Otto I was awarded, the Falkensteiner particular allied with the opponents of the Wittelsbach family, Andechs-Meraniern . However, this set in the violent decline of the noble house.

The Falkensteiner family died out with Siboto IV in 1272 , after his father Siboto III. in a feud between Emperor Friedrich II. and Pope Innocent IV. had lost all possessions. According to other available sources, the Neuburg-Falkensteiner are said to have died out when Sigebothus VI. was stabbed to death in the bathroom in 1272. The Bavarian writer and doctor Julius Mayr dealt with this event in the 1930s in the tragedy "Sigbot von Falkenstein", alluding to the murderous acts of the National Socialists .

  • Hofberg in Aibling , castle and administrative seat of the Falkensteiners, on an engraving by Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. from 1644

  • Ruins of Unter-Falkenstein Castle in the Inn Valley

  • Rachelwand and castle stable of Rachelburg on Petersberg near Flintsbach.

  • Hartmannsberg Castle after a copper engraving by Michael Wening from (1721)

Falkensteiner Codex

In 1166, the canons of the Herrenchiemsee Abbey commissioned Count Sibotos IV. The well-known Codex Falkensteinensis , now kept in Munich, was created as a land register and fiefdom index , but also as a family memorial book. The illustrated directory is the only surviving book of traditions of secular rule in Central Europe from the High Middle Ages.

Root list of the Counts of Weyarn and Counts of Falkenstein

The inadequate, often faulty, source situation affects the entire period of all branches of the family. Secured data are mentioned in a document, dates of birth and death o. G. However, periods of time are often unsecured and, with the greatest possible likelihood of the often divergent data sources, to be viewed with reservations. Genealogical details, even the assignment of members of the house, remain unclear.

The first known representative of the house was Patto von Dilching , Lord von Dilching (1012-1020), Count von Weyarn, Vogt von Kloster Tegernsee (around 1010–), (⚔ (1040)); ∞ () N. N. They had the following offspring:

A1. Sigiboto I , Count an der Mangfall (1067-1068), Vogt of Tegernsee Monastery (1048-1068), Count von Weyarn (1078-1084); ∞ () Liutgard N. N. , (▭ in the Tegernsee Monastery)
B1. Sigiboto II , Count of Weyarn (around 1080-1085), Vogt of Tegernsee Monastery (1113-1121), Vogt of Seeon Monastery and Baumburg Monastery , donates Weyarn Monastery , monk in Weyarn Monastery (1133), († February 10, 1136 in Weyarn Monastery); ∞ () Adelheid ( von Sulzbach ), († July 9 (before 1133)), daughter of (Count Gebhard II. Von Sulzbach (1043-1085) and Irmgard von Rott , Pilgrimiden , (-1101))
C1. Sigiboto III. , († before July 9, 1133)
C2. Gertrud , († December 25 (1132)); ∞ (around 1125) Rudolf von Falkenstein († after July 9, 1133 in the Seeon Abbey as a monk)
C3. ( illegitimate with N. N. ) Berthold , Count von Mörmoosen , documented before 1133 and around 1135), († around 1147); ∞ () Benedicta N. N. , nobilis (around 1135–1150), († after 1150)
D1. Sigiboto von Mörmoosen, Ministerial of Margrave Engelbert von Kraiburg (1168–1169 / around 1189), († around 1190); ∞ () Liutgard von Braunau, (around 1190), sister of Konrad von Braunau
E1. Gerolt , (around 1189)
E2. Heinrich , (around 1189-1215)
E3. Adelheid , nun in Ranshofen Abbey (around 1189), († July 25th ...)
C4. ( illegitimate with N. N. ) Gerolt , (around 1150)
B2. Friderun ; ∞ () Hugo from Austria
A2. Herrand I. von Falkenstein, Herr von Griggingen, documented in 1099 and around 1105
B1. Rudolf von Falkenstein, Lord of Griggingen (1099), Count (1121–1126), Vogt of Seeon Abbey , († after July 9, 1133 in Seeon Abbey as a monk); ∞ (around 1125) Gertrud von Weyarn († December 25 (1132)), daughter of Count Sigiboto II. Von Weyarn (–1136) and Adelheid N. N. (-)
Si (gi) boto IV. With Hildegard von Mödling and his two sons, illustration in Codex Falkensteinensis from 1166
C1. Sigiboto IV. , Count of Neuchâtel-Falkenstein-Hartmannsberg, Vogt of Herrenchimsee Monastery (1158), documented mention 1196, (* (1126); † (1200)); ∞ () Hildegard von Mödling († March 29, 1196), daughter of Kuno III. von Mödling (- (1182/1183)) and Sophie N. N. (–1170)
D1. Kuno von Falkenstein-Neuchâtel, (around 1155), († (1190), Third Crusade )
D2. Sigiboto V. , Count of Falkenstein-Neuchâtel-Hartmannsberg-Hernstein, Vogt of Herrenchimsee Monastery, documented around 1155/1222 to 1226, († before 1231); ∞ (around 1196) Adelheid von Valley , daughter of Count Konrad II. Von Valley (- (1198/1200)) and Mathilde von Ortenburg (-after 1198)
E1. Sigiboto VI. , Count of Falkenstein-Neuenburg-Hartmannsberg-Hernstein, Vogt of Herrenchimsee Monastery, documented in 1231, (⚔ before February 1, 1245)
E2. Konrad , Count of Falkenstein-Neuenburg-Hartmannsberg-Hernstein, Vogt of Herrenchimsee Monastery (1257–1258), documented from 1231 to 1257, (†† before October 30, 1260)
→ Gender extinguished in the male line
E3. Adelheid , first documented mention 1222 to 1226, († after 1226); ∞ I: () Berthold von Pottenstein; ∞ II: () Heinrich I. von Kuenring , Marshal of Austria, documented from 1204 to 1232, (* before 1204; † before 1233; ▭ in Zwettl Abbey ), son of Hadmar II. Von Kuenring (before 1156–1217 / 1218) and Offemia von Mistelbach (- after 1175 / August 1214)
D3. Daughter ; ∞ () Engelschalk from Wasen
D4. Daughters
C2. Herrand II. , Herr von Hernstein (1142), Herr von Falkenstein (around 1145), Herr von Antwort (around 1150), Vogt of Seeon Abbey , († April 13 (1155)); ∞ () Sophie von Vohburg († March 12, 1176), (∞ II: (around 1155) Count Konrad II of Peilstein (* around 1135/1140; † November 12 (1195)), son of Conrad I of Peilstein (around 1116–1168) and Adela von Orlamünde (–1155)), daughter of Margrave Diepold III. von Vohburg, Rapotonen , (1075–1146) and Kunigunde von Beichlingen (-)
D1. Sigiboto , Lord of Answer (around 1170)
D2. Herrand III. , Lord of Answer (around 1170)
D3. Judith , first documented mention 1182; ∞ I: (before 1176) Nizo von Raitenbuch , Ministerialer of the Burgraves of Regensburg, documented 1180/1182, († after 1182); ∞ II: (before June 13, 1190) Albero IV. Wolf von Bocksberg – Lengenfeld – Gögglbach, nobilis homo (1190/1206), († (1210), son of Rupert IV. Wolf von Gögglbach (– around 1176) and N. N. (-)
C3. Mathilde ; ∞ () Konrad II of Dachau, Vogt of St. Andreas in Freising (1150), Count of Dachau (1152–1159), Duke of Meranien (1153–1159), (⚔ February 18, 1159 near Bergamo ; ▭ in Scheyern ), (∞ I: (before March 19, 1140) Adelheid von Limburg († February 6 (1144/1146); ▭ in the Michelsberg Monastery in Bamberg ), daughter of Count Heinrich I of Limburg , Duke of Lower Lorraine , (- 1119) and Adelheid von Pottenstein (–1106)), son of Konrad I von Scheyern-Dachau (–1130) and Willibirg vom Lurngau (adH of the Counts of Grögling-Hirschberg ) (-)
B2. Reginold von Weyarn, Lord of Hernstein (1120–1130)
B3. Wolfker von Weyarn, Lord of Griggingen (1120–1130), Lord of Falkenstein (around 1143), documented in 1099, († after September 12, 1158)
C1. ( illegitimate with N. N. or a marriage with an unfree) Otto von Hernstein (1176), documented from 1175 to 1180
C2. ( illegitimate with N. N. or a marriage with an unfree) Lazarius von Hernstein, Ministerialer of the Counts of Wolfratshausen (1153-1156)
B4. Adelheid von Weyarn, (around 1140); ∞ () Poto von Pottenstein, first documented mention 1133

coat of arms

The talking coat of arms of the Counts of Neuburg-Falkenstein showed a golden armored silver falcon with rising wings on a black three-mountain on a red background. This coat of arms is still used today in an almost unchanged form by several Bavarian towns and communities.

Another version shows a red armed golden falcon with a red collar on a blue background. This version, which goes back to the representation in the Codex Falkensteinensis , can be found today in the coat of arms of the municipality of Oberaudorf .

Numerous other places and regional authorities have a falcon in their coat of arms as a sign of their historical connection with the County of Falkenstein:

literature

  • Elisabeth Noichl: Codex Falkensteinensis. The legal records of the Counts of Falkenstein . Beck, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-406-10388-X , ( sources and discussions on Bavarian history NF 29).
  • Werner Rösener : Codex Falkensteinensis. On the culture of remembrance of a noble family in the High Middle Ages . In: Werner Rösener: (Ed.): Noble and bourgeois cultures of remembrance of the late Middle Ages and early modern times . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35427-4 , ( forms of memory 8), pp. 35–55.
  • John B. Freed: The Counts of Falkenstein. Noble Self-Consciousness in Twelfth-Century Germany , Vol. 74, Philadelphia 1984.
  • Werner Rösener: Observations on the rulership of the nobility in the high Middle Ages , in: Rösener, Werner (ed.): Grundherrschaft und Peasant Society in the High Middle Ages, Göttingen 1995, pp. 116–161.
  • Karl Ramp: Studies on the basic rule Neuburg-Falkenstein on the basis of the “Codex diplomaticus Falkensteinensis” , Munich 1925.

Web links

Commons : Falkenstein (Bavarian noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Rösener: Observations on the manorial rule of the nobility in the high Middle Ages. In: Werner Rösener (Ed.): Manorial rule and rural society in the high Middle Ages. Göttingen 1995, pp. 116-161.
  2. ^ JB Freed, The Counts of Falkenstein: Noble Self-Consciousness in Twelfth-Century Germany. The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia 1984, ISBN 0-87169-746-7
  3. ^ K. Weidemann, Hof, Burg und Stadt in eastern Upper Bavaria during the early and high Middle Ages. In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Ed.), Guide to Prehistoric and Early Historical Monuments, Volume 18: Miesbach, Tegernsee, Bad Tölz, Wolfratshausen, Bad Aibling. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1971
  4. ↑ Historical and topographical representation of the parishes, monasteries, monasteries, charitable foundations and monuments in the Herzogthume Oesterreich , Volume 1, Vienna 1826, p. 38.
  5. ↑ Historical and topographical representation of the parish, pens, monasteries, charitable institutions and monuments in the Duchy of Austria , Volume 5, Vienna 1826, p 179. .
  6. ↑ JH Marbach, The Foundation of the Weyarner Canon Monastery and the Role of the Neuburg-Falkensteiner ( Memento of August 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 116 kB), lecture as part of the Weyarner Monastery Week, December 13, 2002 (PDF; 161 kB )
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables, new series, volume XVI., Plate 48, publisher: Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1995, ISBN 3-465-02741-8
  8. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Patto , accessed November 23, 2014
  9. ^ Graf von Weyarn , accessed on November 23, 2014.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f This article contains special genealogical characters . If you cannot see these ( squares ), it could be helpful to use a modern Internet browser such as Firefox and to additionally install missing character sets such as DejaVu Sans (TTF) - DejaVu Sans Condensed (TTF) - unifont (Pixel, GNU).
  11. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Sigiboto I. , accessed November 23, 2014
  12. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Sigiboto II. , Accessed November 23, 2014
  13. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Gertrud von Weyarn , accessed November 23, 2014
  14. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Berthold , accessed November 23, 2014
  15. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Sigiboto , accessed November 23, 2014
  16. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Herrand I. , accessed November 23, 2014
  17. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Grafen von Falkenstein-Hernstein , accessed November 23, 2014
  18. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Rudolf , accessed November 23, 2014
  19. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Sigiboto IV. , Accessed November 23, 2014
  20. ↑ manfred-hiebl.de Sigiboto V. , accessed November 23, 2014
  21. ↑ Not in Detlev Schwennicke : European family tables, New Series, Volume XVI., Plate 48, listed
  22. ↑ MedLands GRAFEN von DACHAU , accessed November 23, 2014, engl.