Laim
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Laim
State capital Munich
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 25 ″ N , 11 ° 29 ′ 50 ″ E
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| Area : | 5.29 km² |
| Residents : | 57,111 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 10,804 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1900 |
| Postal code : | 80686, 80687, 80689 |
| Area code : | 089 |
 Location of the 25 Laim district in Munich
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Laim ( ) is the city district 25 of the Bavarian capital Munich .
Laim has existed as a town longer than Munich itself, but only experienced its population growth with the opening of the marshalling yard and the subsequent incorporation into Munich. Today Laim is used almost exclusively as a residential area. Laim is not identical to the Munich district 14 Berg am Laim, ten kilometers further east .
geography
location
Laim is a district in the west of Munich. The northern border is formed by the tracks north of Landsberger Straße , the eastern border is initially a short section of the railway tracks of Munich's Südring and then Westendstraße to the A 96 , the southern border is formed by the A 96 and Senftenauer Straße to Willibaldstraße and the western border finally Willibaldstrasse. In the north, Laim borders on Neuhausen-Nymphenburg , in the east on the Schwanthalerhöhe , in the south-east on Sendling-Westpark , in the south-west on Hadern and in the west on Pasing-Obermenzing .
Traffic routes
Roads : Important roads in Laim are Landsberger Strasse in the far north, the A 96 in the far south with the Munich-Laim motorway exit, and Fürstenrieder Strasse , which connects Landsberger Strasse with the motorway. Other important roads are Westendstrasse in the east of Laim and the two streets parallel to Landsberger Strasse, Agnes-Bernauer-Strasse and Zschokkestrasse and Gotthardstrasse.
public transport :
- Laim can be reached with the underground lines U4 to the Westendstraße underground station and the U5 to the Laimer Platz underground station and so far has three underground stations. If the plans to extend the line to Pasing are realized, Laim would have another underground station on Willibaldstrasse.
- At the corner of Landsberger Strasse and Fürstenrieder Strasse is the Laim S-Bahn station , which is on the main line of the Munich S-Bahn . Since December 2009 there is also the Hirschgarten stop , which is also on the main line of the S-Bahn at the Friedenheimer Bridge.
- Tram 19 and 18 have several stations in Laim.
- The Metrobus routes 51, 57 and 62 as well as the city bus routes 130, 131, 132 and 151 and 168 have stops in Laim.
Freight traffic : Between the 1890s and the 1990s, there was a large marshalling yard and freight yard in Laim, which for a long time was considered the largest freight yard in Europe and, as a major employer, made a significant contribution to Laim's growth. Today freight traffic plays a subordinate role in Laim.
Land use
Laim is 5.29 square kilometers. 66.1 percent of this is used as living space (with associated open space). 28.3 percent are traffic areas. Only 0.1 percent are operating areas. The remaining 5.5 percent are recreational areas, around a third of which is used for sports areas (7.45 hectares). Laim has no forest or water areas. Compared to Munich as a whole, Laim has an above-average proportion of residential and traffic areas, as well as a low proportion of business areas: Laim is mainly a residential area. The few operating areas are mainly along the railway axis between the main train station and Pasing, the so-called DB main discharge route.
population
Demographics
(As of December 31, residents with main residence)
| year | Residents | including foreigners | Inhabitants per km² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 48,539 | 9,582 (19.7%) | 9,181 |
| 2001 | 48,739 | 9,787 (20.1%) | 9.219 |
| 2002 | 48,606 | 9,784 (20.1%) | 9,194 |
| 2003 | 48,708 | 10,026 (20.6%) | 9.214 |
| 2004 | 48,841 | 10,294 (21.1%) | 9,239 |
| 2005 | 48,927 | 10,560 (21.6%) | 9,255 |
| 2006 | 50,028 | 10,715 (21.4%) | 9,469 |
| 2007 | 50,600 | 11,010 (21.8%) | 9,576 |
| 2008 | 51,329 | 11,209 (21.8%) | 9,714 |
| 2009 | 51,338 | 11,059 (21.5%) | 9,712 |
| 2010 | 51,805 | 11,356 (21.9%) | 9,801 |
| 2011 | 52,733 | 12,009 (22.8%) | 9,976 |
| 2012 | 53,359 | 12,675 (23.8%) | 10,095 |
| 2013 | 54.030 | 13,392 (24.8%) | 10,222 |
| 2014 | 54,714 | 14,049 (25.7%) | 10,351 |
| 2015 | 55,374 | 14,759 (26.7%) | 10,476 |
| 2016 | 56,335 | 15,506 (27.5%) | 10,658 |
| 2017 | 56,281 | 15,694 (27.9%) | 10,647 |
| 2018 | 56,546 | 16,100 (28.5%) | 10,698 |
| 2019 | 57.111 | 16,557 (29.0%) | 10,804 |
Source with further data
religion
Laim has four Catholic (St. Ulrich, To the Hl. Twelve Apostles, Name of Jesus, St. Philip) and one Protestant church ( Paul Gerhardt Church ). There is also a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses on Landsberger Strasse .
history
Foundation and early history
Originally an independent village, Laim has existed longer than Munich itself. Laim was first mentioned in a document between 1047 and 1053 as loco leima (= at / in the place Leim). The Church of St. Ulrich probably dates from this time, even if it was first mentioned in a document in 1315. The center at that time was the Laimer Anger . The name Laim comes from “glue” = clay, clay soil. However, since the clay deposits are significantly lower than z. B. were in Berg am Laim , no brick factories settled in Laim, but the economy was mainly characterized by agriculture until the second half of the 19th century.
The Laimer Schlössl is sometimes called Agnes-Bernauer-Schlössl, but Agnes Bernauer probably never lived in Laim, but only acquired a ducal fief in 1433 with the help of two Laim church priests.
During the Thirty Years War the village, which consisted of around twenty farms, and the noble estate of Laim were burned down. In 1715, Elector Max Emanuel acquired the Laim noble residence and raised it to a court mark. The village of Laim became its own municipality in 1818.
Opening of the freight yard: growth
Although Laim has been on the tracks of the Munich-Augsburg railway line since 1841, it remained untouched by rail traffic for many years. In 1890 Laim had only 290 inhabitants. Two years later, the marshalling yard was inaugurated in Laim, establishing Laim's rapid growth in the years that followed. Laim was an ideal location for the marshalling yard, as the reloading capacities of Munich's main train station had long been insufficient, but there was still a lot of undeveloped agricultural land available in Laim. The rapid economic and population growth was foreseen early on. In 1892, a city expansion office was founded, initially headed by Theodor Fischer , in order to prevent uncontrolled urban growth. By 1901 the population in Laim increased tenfold. The rapid growth finally leads to the incorporation of Laims in Munich on January 1, 1900. The increasing displacement of the Munich resident population from the Munich city center by up-and-coming service companies and the young industrial settlements on the tracks further increase the rapid growth. In 1908 the tram line was inaugurated, on which tram 19 operates today. Later on, some villas and multi-storey buildings were built around the old town center, some of which still characterize the townscape today. But because of the large Laim marshalling yard and the local industrial companies, Laim was primarily a workers' residential area.
Laim at the time of National Socialism
In 1938, Pasing and Großhadern were also incorporated. This meant that Laim was no longer an outskirts, and with around 50,000 inhabitants it had completely lost its rural character. Up until 1943, numerous South Tyrolean families were housed in the "South Tyrolean blocks" built by the non-profit building society of Bavaria. It is primarily due to the strong socialist working-class milieu and the conservative Catholic camp in Laim that there was below-average support for the National Socialists. Until the seizure of power , the National Socialists in Laim were always around five percent behind the election results at the Reich level. The resistance movement against the National Socialists was also deeply anchored in Laim. B. Margot and Ludwig Linsert's grocery store at Fürstenrieder Strasse 46, from where the International Socialist Combat League planned and carried out leaflet campaigns against the Nazis. The passive resistance of the Laim population finally led to a stronger commitment of the Nazis to carry out propaganda in Laim. Apart from that, several industrial companies that also produced armaments were located near the track. In addition, the marshalling yard was an important destination for the Allies . The areas close to the railway were therefore mainly affected by destruction - the other parts of Laim were largely spared. During the war there were considerations to relocate Munich Central Station to Laim. However , they were discarded in the post-war period . There are no reliable sources as to how the Laimer population felt about these plans at the time.
post war period
After the end of the war, the top priority was rebuilding living space. At that time, Laim, as an even more outer district of Munich, had a lot of undeveloped areas from the start and the buildings destroyed by the war did the rest. So many settlements were built very quickly, some of them prefabricated. The main problems with this rapid construction and the associated urbanization were the lack of schools and churches. A number of modern churches in Laim also bear witness to this time.
Laim in the present
In 1992, when the Munich boroughs were reorganized and their number was reduced, Laim was merged with the neighboring Schwanthalerhöhe to form the new city district 8 Schwanthalerhöhe-Laim. After sustained protests from the population, this union was dissolved again in 1996. Laim has been the independent city district 25 since then.
The marshalling yard was closed in the mid-1990s. Since then, Laim has been almost exclusively a residential area. In 2000 the Laimer Anger was inaugurated on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the incorporation.
politics
The Laim District Committee was last elected on March 15, 2020. The distribution of seats is as follows: Greens 10, SPD 7, CSU 6, FDP 1 and AfD 1. Of the 41,270 residents of Laims who are entitled to vote, 19,956 exercised their right to vote, which means that the turnout was 48.4 percent.
Munich City Council
City Councilor Verena Dietl (SPD) represents the Laim district in Munich City Hall.
State elections
Laim is divided into two constituencies of the Bavarian State Parliament:
- Munich-West district , represented by Otmar Bernhard , Member of the Bundestag (CSU) and Florian Ritter , Member of the Bundestag (SPD)
- District Munich-Northwest , represented by Joachim Unterländer , Member of the Bundestag (CSU) and Diana Stachowitz , Member of the Bundestag (SPD)
Bundestag elections
Laim is in the federal electoral district of Munich-West / Mitte, represented by Stephan Pilsinger (CSU).
Buildings, squares and sights
Laimer Anger
The historic center is the Laimer Anger , which was inaugurated on July 1st and 2nd, 2000 on the occasion of a redesign. The celebrations were combined with the 100-year incorporation of Laims into Munich.
Ortisei
Opposite the Anger is the old Bavarian village-like, Catholic St. Ulrich parish church with its traditional onion dome . It is named after St. Ulrich and was first mentioned in a document in 1315. However, it is presumably 200 years older and goes back to the time Laim was founded. Ortisei has been its own parish since 1918. St. Ulrich belongs to To the St. Twelve Apostles , Name of Jesus and St. Phillipus to the Parish Association of Laim .
Paul Gerhardt Church
The Evangelical Lutheran Paul Gerhardt Church was built by Johannes Ludwig in 1955/56 and is one of the most important church buildings of the post-war period in Germany. The entire complex has been a listed building since 2001.
To the holy Twelve Apostles
The Catholic parish church to the holy twelve apostles was built by Sep Ruf from 1952 to 1953 and was his first sacred building. The building is a characteristic simple church building from the 1950s and is a listed building.
Name of Jesus Church
This parish church replaced an older church building in Saherstrasse after 1972. The Namen-Jesu-Kirche belongs to the Parish Association of Laim.
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Laimer Schlössl
The Laimer Schlössl on Agnes-Bernauer-Straße was built under Max Emanuel as a farm building in the Laimer Schlossgut, a former hunting seat. In the 19th century it fell into disrepair and was only renovated when Theodor Fischer bought it .
Beck department store
The former Beck department store at Fürstenrieder Straße 21, operated from 1968 to 1989, stood out from the street scene with its clinker brick facade . From 1992 it stood empty for 15 years and was the subject of much political discussion. Plans to set up an amusement arcade in this building met with fierce opposition.
In February 2014, the ruins were foreclosed to the subsidiary of Raiffeisenlandesbank Oberösterreich. A year later, the Starnberg project developer office bought the former department store at the end of April 2015 in order to revitalize it. The building was rebuilt in the following years and Edeka was won as the main tenant. At the end of November 2018, the Edeka store opened on two floors. The rest of the building is rented to an online travel agency.
Laimer dice
The Laimer Würfel is a new eleven-story office building at the intersection of Landsberger Strasse and Fürstenrieder Strasse. It immediately catches the eye with its height and striking facade. The main user of the building is DAB Bank , which has its new headquarters here.
Other structures
- Villa Ballauf, Riegerhofweg 8, a picturesque half-timbered villa with a tower, built by Franz Rank in 1898
- Teacher-Angerer-Haus, Mathunistraße 32, Baroque style villa, built by M. Seidl in 1895
Architectural monuments
District culture
INTERIM theater
The Interim is a citizens' get-together on Agnes-Bernauer-Straße, where cultural events take place on a regular basis. Originally it was a Protestant church, the interim church, which was bought by the city of Munich in order to widen Agnes-Bernauer-Straße after a planned demolition. When this building project was rejected, however, the building was converted into a town house.
Munich City Library
A branch of the city library has been on Laimer Platz (Fürstenrieder Straße 53) since 1987. It was built by the architect Kurt Ackermann , Munich, in 1987 and has a library garden open in summer with a sculpture by Lothar Fischer . With a stock of 50,000 media (books, newspapers, magazines, games, AV media such as CD-ROMs, Wii games, DVDs), it is one of the major branches of the Munich City Library. Events for children as well as exhibitions, vernissages and taster courses of the Munich Adult Education Center take place regularly in their rooms .
Munich Adult Education Center
The Laim branch of the Munich Adult Education Center is located on Laimer Platz (Fürstenrieder Straße 53) and offers a wide range of educational programs.
New Rex cinema
The Rex cinema ("Neues Rex") on Agricolaplatz (in the former ballroom of the Bürgerbräu restaurant; today tavern - bar - beer garden "Laimers") is the only district cinema in Laim and one of the oldest cinematic theaters in Munich. The cinema also has the only beer garden in Laims, making it an important institution in the district.
Farmers market
The traditional farmers' market takes place every Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on Laimer Anger .
Red light district
For decades there has been a street with brothels west of the Friedenheimer Brücke . He also survived the radical redesign and reduction of the Munich restricted area under district administration officer Peter Gauweiler in the early 1980s.
Personalities
- Florian Karlheim , actor (grew up in Laim)
- Willy Schultes , folk actor (lived in Laim for a long time)
- Georg Blädel , folk actor (came from a Laimer family; "Blädelhof", Perhamerstraße)
- Thomas Gottschalk , actor (lived in Laim, Fürstenrieder Straße for a long time)
- Rüdiger Linhof, bassist for Sportfreunde Stiller (lived in Laim for a long time)
- Günther Sigl , front man and singer of the Spider Murphy Gang lived in Laim am Fröbelpark in the 1980s
literature
- Mathias L. Auer: Laimer Chronicle. A history of the origins and development of the Laim district from the beginning to the present . Volume 1: Chronological explanations from the beginnings to 1981. Self-published, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-9800896-0-6 . (Volume 2 has not appeared)
- Gernot Brauer: Munich Laim - A district in 24 hours. MünchenVerlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-937090-44-3 (192 pages, publisher information ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistical Pocket Book 2020 (PDF). Statistical Office of the State Capital Munich. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ↑ Planned U5 extension to Pasing takes the next hurdle . State capital Munich. Last accessed on January 2, 2017.
- ↑ Statistical Pocket Book Munich 2006 (PDF). State capital Munich.
- ↑ Statistical Pocket Book 2020 . State capital Munich. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .
- ↑ schwanthalerhoehe.eu: The Schwanthalerhöhe and the Westend introduce themselves
- ↑ a b c Election of the District Committee - District 25 - Laim . State capital Munich. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
- ^ Homepage of the Laim Parish Association accessed on September 25, 2016
- ↑ abendzeitung-muenchen.de: Former "Beck" - Munich's oldest ruin comes under the hammer
- ↑ Renovation: Former Beck department store in Munich-Laim - another good address. In: ehret-klein.de. Retrieved October 20, 2018 .
Web links
Allach-Untermenzing (23) | Altstadt-Lehel (1) | Au-Haidhausen (5) | Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (22) | Berg am Laim (14) | Bogenhausen (13) | Feldmoching-Hasenbergl (24) | Rags (20) | Laim (25) | Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt (2) | Maxvorstadt (3) | Milbertshofen-Am Hart (11) | Moosach (10) | Neuhausen-Nymphenburg (9) | Obergiesing pheasant garden (17) | Pasing-Obermenzing (21) | Ramersdorf-Perlach (16) | Schwabing-Freimann (12) | Schwabing-West (4) | Schwanthalerhöhe (8) | Sendling (6) | Sendling-Westpark (7) | Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln (19) | Trudering-Riem (15) | Untergiesing-Harlaching (18)