Munich City Library
| Munich City Library | |
|---|---|
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The Gasteig - seat of the Munich city library
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| founding | 1843 |
| Duration | 2.63 million books, magazines and new media |
| Library type | library |
| place |
Munich 
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| ISIL | DE-M36 |
| operator | State capital Munich |
| management | Arne Ackermann |
| Website | www.muenchner-stadtbibliothek.de/ |
The Munich City Library is the library system of the public libraries of the City of Munich . This consists of over 30 libraries, making it the largest municipal library system in Germany today. The inventory includes around 3 million books , magazines and new media . In addition, there is the Monacensia literature and manuscript archive , the music library , the children's and youth library on Gasteig , the special philatelic library and the legal library. This makes it one of the largest libraries in Bavaria . Arne Ackermann has been the director since January 1, 2013.
The central library in Gasteig and various district libraries share the same buildings with the Munich Adult Education Center as e.g. B. the Gasteig, the houses at Harras , at the Arabellapark , the Neuhauser Trafo etc. This joint use of the buildings results in a variety of points of contact and cooperation between the two institutions, which are reflected in a wide-ranging, low-threshold and high-quality educational program.
offer
The library has the central library with several independent specialist departments, 22 district libraries, two specialist libraries under the roof of the city library, 7 hospital libraries in some of the hospitals of the Munich Municipal Clinic and offers of the book buses .
The central library has been housed in the Gasteig cultural center since 1984. By far the largest open access area is located here on six mezzanine floors plus the service floor at the entrance. There is also a reading room with reference and standard works. The music library and the philatelic library are integrated into the central library and work as independent departments. Adjacent but separate is the children's and youth library with two floors. Under the building is the storage of the city library, whose holdings can be ordered in the central library or a district library for lending. The central library and the 22 district libraries have been designed for self-booking since 2009.
The Monacensia emerged from the literature archive of the city of Munich. It collects bequests from Munich authors and its own stock of publications on the subject of Munich and the surrounding area. The historic Hildebrandhaus was completely renovated from 2011 to 2016.
The legal library in the New Town Hall was set up as a specialist library for city administration employees , but is now open to the public. It is especially famous for the reading room over three floors with elaborate decoration in the neo-renaissance style with elements of Art Nouveau .
The Munich City Library has had book buses since 1951. There are currently five book buses, four buses are aimed primarily at school children. From 1928 to 1970 a tram of books from the Munich City Library drove in Munich. The mobile library was located in railcar No. 495 (type D1.6) and was rebuilt in 1958.
There is also a mobile library service.
history
In the middle of the 19th century, the first steps towards the creation of the Munich City Library took place. Two different ways can be identified: On the one hand, a government library developed into a large public central library that also has historical collections. On the other hand, the popular library movement created a modern, communal library system.
The beginnings (1843–1906)
In 1843 the magistrate of the royal capital and residence city of Munich commissioned the later city chronicler Ulrich von Destouches to “collect, stamp, list and catalog all the books belonging to the magistrate and the institutions under magistrate administration”. 23 years later, the first catalog of the city colleges' book collection was published in 1866, comprising 2,375 numbers.
In 1873 the first public library of the city of Munich was finally opened in the Heilig-Geist-Schule in Frauenstrasse with a stock of 1,400 volumes. Initially, however, this was only accessible to municipal employees. It was timidly opened to all citizens only in 1879: now, with the approval of the mayor, other people could also use the municipal library.
The holdings of the municipal library increased significantly at the turn of the century - thanks to the foundation of the scholarly libraries of the lawyer Karl Gramm and the pathologist Theodor von Heßling . In addition, there were other smaller bequests and donations that enriched the holdings with valuable first editions and with humanities, natural sciences and historical holdings.
In 1906 the library already contained around 30,000 volumes and was able to move into the lavishly designed library hall of the new town hall . Unfortunately, not all of the volumes had space when the company moved. Today the legal library of the Munich City Library is located here.
Weimar Republic: Golden Years (1920–1933)
In 1920 the position for the management of the public library (now in the Rosental school building ) and the municipal library in the town hall was created and a general library program was also decided. At the beginning of the following year - on January 3, 1921 - Hans Ludwig Held was able to take up this management position. At the same time, the book collection of the municipal colleges was renamed the City Council Library, thereby reinforcing the legal situation as a non-public library. But Held soon disregarded it. First, in 1922, he combined the Monacensian books in the Monacensia library into a separate collection.
An important step in the history of the Munich city library was when Held presented the plan in 1923 to expand the city library. The number of public libraries was to be expanded to five and supplemented by newspaper reading rooms for adults and children's reading rooms. At that time, Held was largely able to assert himself with his ideas: the library in the town hall was reorganized, the construction of a scientific city library was tackled, which was designed as a study and educational library and is now in the form of the central library Am Gasteig in Haidhausen . In addition, the Monacensia collection was also expanded. Only the desired student library was not approved for Held.
A year later, in 1924, Held was able to set up a manuscript department as a counterpart to the Monacensia library, which to this day collects manuscripts , letters and other autographs by Munich personalities of the 19th century and the following years.
In 1925, the Schwabing public library was founded.
In 1926 the "Musical People's Library" (today: the music library of the central library) was incorporated into the municipal libraries. It had its origins in the private collection of the cultural philosopher and music writer Paul Marsop , who had already made it accessible to the public in 1902.
In 1928 a tram car was converted into the first urban " traveling library" in order to be able to supply the outskirts with libraries. The then poorer districts in particular benefited from this. With this, Held ushered in a future-oriented form of outreach library work that comes directly to people and is continued today with five mobile library buses.
At the end of the 1920s, Held suggested the construction of a central library building on Jakobsplatz . Finished construction plans were developed for a three-storey building that was to house the city library and the city archive - supplemented by a seven-story storage tower. But the plans never came to fruition.
The Sendling public library was founded in 1929 and the Borstei public library in 1930 .
When the Munich Postage Stamp Club transferred its literature to the city library in 1931, the basis for a special philatelic library was created together with other private donations, which today is the largest in Europe with around 43,000 volumes in the central library in Am Gasteig .
In 1932 the spatial situation of the library in the town hall worsened drastically. The walls of overcrowded emergency stacks were cracked and shelves collapsed from the heavy load of books. But the move to the former police building at Weinstrasse 13 could only be carried out in the following year. At that time the city library had over 170,000 volumes - many of them were endowments and gifts. The book stocks that were particularly important for the city administration remained in the town hall.
The city library under the National Socialists (1933–1945)
Hans Ludwig Held was hindered in his work by the National Socialists from the start and finally dismissed from the city service on October 27, 1933 due to the law to restore the civil service. In 1934 the Ramersdorf public library was founded, which had been prepared by Held.
Only in 1936 did the municipal libraries have a new head: Hermann Sauter . Under his leadership, important collections were incorporated into the Scientific City Library - e.g. B. those of the Old Catholic Congregation, the libraries of the teachers' association, the city interpreter Lex and a Jean-Paul collection.
The Giesing public library was founded in 1937, the Englschalking public library in 1939 and the Pasing public library in 1941 .
In 1943, parts of the library holdings were relocated to alternative quarters - mostly to Lower Bavaria .
Many volumes of "forbidden and undesirable literature" came from the public libraries to the city library. Here they could be spared the ordered extermination. However, they were largely destroyed in the air raids on Munich in 1944 and 1945 : The bombings severely damage the central library building at Weinstrasse 13 for the first time on March 18, 1944. Further bombings on December 17, 1944 and January 7, 1945 destroyed the holdings there. Five public libraries also fell victim to the bombing. The remaining public libraries were more or less damaged by the air raids.
During the Second World War , all children's reading rooms and newspaper reading rooms had to be closed because the staff was withdrawn for "war-important" work. Nevertheless, the larger libraries and the municipal music library - at that time on Salvatorplatz - could be saved relatively well from the war, thanks to the high level of commitment of the few remaining employees. The record archive as well as parts of the sheet music and books in the music library fell victim to the destruction.
End of war, post-war period and reconstruction
Immediately after the end of National Socialism , the reconstruction of the city libraries began under the most difficult of circumstances. Due to war losses, the holdings of the city's scientific library had shrunk by around 100,000 volumes (approx. 40 percent). Hans Ludwig Held took over the post of library director in May 1945 and shortly afterwards became cultural representative of the city of Munich. First, on the instructions of the American military government, all Nazi and military writings had to be removed from the inventory. Finally, in October 1945 the tram library and seven public libraries were able to reopen.
On January 2, 1946, the legal library was able to resume operations as the first department (official library) in the New Town Hall. The repatriation and integration of the outsourced book collections took place in September 1946. The music library was able to start emergency operations in November 1946 without a permanent roof.
An important step was the reopening of the central library (Infanteriestraße), the Monacensia collection (Möhlstraße) and the manuscript collection in 1950, after the holdings had passed through many emergency quarters in the previous years. Public libraries were founded in Haidhausen, Berg am Laim , Harlaching , Moosach , Kirchtrudering , Waldtrudering and in Westend .
In 1954 Hans Schmeer became library director and Hans Ludwig Held died after he had only retired in 1953. He left his private library with 25,000 volumes to the city library. Schmeer reorganized the library headquarters so that it could meet the requirements of the constantly growing library system. The acquisition and cataloging of new titles was carried out here.
The 1960s: reorganization and real utopia
During the educational reforms of the 1960s, the writer Carl Amery was appointed the new library director in 1967. At Amery's suggestion, the Munich city council decided on a new library development plan, which, according to Amery's will, should be a combination of expertise, “real utopia” and imagination.
In 1969, the Munich City Council gave the order to create a functional and spatial program for the Munich City Library, the administration and management as well as the central services of all city libraries - this brought an important step closer to the long-awaited large Munich educational center.
The 1970s: IT, Gasteig decision, new district libraries
The next big step was the introduction of electronic data processing for loan bookings in the district libraries, which took place in 1976 under library director Alfons Ott . Also in 1976 the establishment of the Gasteig cultural center was decided by the Munich city council. In the 1980s, the Munich City Library, the Munich Adult Education Center , the Richard Strauss Conservatory (today integrated into the Munich University of Music and Theater ) and the Munich Philharmonic in the Haidhausen district of “Am Gasteig” were brought together in one house.
After Ott's unexpected death in 1977, Peter Thannabaur became library director. In the same year the manuscript department and the library of the Monacensia moved to the listed Hildebrandhaus in Bogenhausen .
Since 1978 a was to set up open-access library for general scientific public library started.
Last but not least, important new city libraries were founded during the 1970s and 1980s.
The 1980s: move into the Gasteig, new district libraries
At the end of May 1984, the city library was the first institution to move into the Gasteig cultural center in the Haidhausen district of Munich . Several libraries have now been brought together under one roof: the general scientific city library with its now large open access library, the philatelic department, the music library and the children's and youth library, which was previously housed in the Wörthschule in Haidhausen. Most of the Haidhausen district library's holdings were incorporated into the open access holdings. In addition, the management and administration also moved into their offices here and the city library system also found its new home here. Two years later, in September 1986, the millionth visitor was counted. At that time it was possible to choose from 852,000 books, sheet music, sound carriers and videos.
The 1990s: review, new library concept, new media
In 1993 the Munich City Library celebrated its 150th anniversary. At this point in time, the Am Gasteig Central Library had 1,047,000 media, 2,400,000 loans took place, 616,000 visitors were counted and 63,000 Munich residents had library cards.
In 1994, under the direction of the new director Werner Schneider (1992–2012), acquisition and cataloging were converted to EDP . From now on, users had the opportunity to research the entire inventory of the library via an electronic catalog. User fees for adults were also introduced in 1994, which led to a significant decrease in the number of registered users as well as in loans.
In 1995 the spectrum of the Munich City Library included a library system with a central library, 27 district libraries, mobile and special libraries, Monacensia, legal library, administration and management.
In 1997 the Munich city council decided on a future-oriented library concept: With a new graphic concept and a new model, services and offers were made known to an even broader public with the help of targeted advertising measures . Also new media were increasingly integrated into the offer: So were CD-ROMs , PC -Arbeitskabinen, Internet workstations and multimedia -Studio introduced. At the same time, the library in Munich's old town was closed due to the financial crisis in Munich.
In 1999 the opening times were extended to a total of 46 hours per week by introducing a new working time model.
The 2000s: online catalog and expansion of new media
To speed up the processing of the media, the cataloging and acquisition departments were merged in 2000. Internet kiosks have also been set up in the district libraries and Internet training courses have been offered to familiarize users with the new offer.
In 2002 and 2003, preparations began to set up an online catalog. At the same time, the closure of library locations due to Munich's financial crisis was discussed. Ultimately, however, the changeover to the new IT system and the provision of the online catalog as well as a new website and further modernization contributed to an expansion of the services of the Munich City Library.
Since the beginning of 2006 the library has been using the BiblioChip RFID system for media booking and security. The open access holdings of all 24 city libraries were equipped with the new technology by 2009. All open access media can be borrowed by the library user at self-service terminals and returned to RFID machines at most locations outside of opening hours. The first city library equipped with this technology was the central library on Gasteig.
Around 2012, as part of a consolidation, a number of smaller district libraries were closed and central libraries opened instead; for example, the library in Harthof was given up in favor of the new culture center 2411 . From March 2012, the libraries were gradually equipped with public WiFi . Since April 2012 it has also been possible to borrow electronic media (e.g. e-books ) outside of opening hours via the online loan .
In 2017, opening on Saturdays was tested in several district libraries (previously only the headquarters at Gasteig was open on Saturdays) in order to make it easier for people in particular to borrow media. According to positive results, around two thirds of the libraries are now open on Saturdays, but these branches (with the exception of the head office) are closed on Mondays. From 2020 this model will be transferred to all locations.
Mediation offers and event program
The program of events includes around 1,900 events annually. The Munich City Library has a lecture hall in the Gasteig cultural center. But there is also a program of events and exhibitions in many district libraries.
Bilingual film series and readings promote cultural understanding and integration of people with a migration background who live in Munich. Many events for children, young people and adults are also offered in the district libraries - again and again with the Munich Adult Education Center : from readings, concerts to cabaret . In addition, many district libraries exhibit works by regional artists as part of their regular exhibition program .
The children's and youth library Am Gasteig offers readings and book discussions as well as theater and themed weeks.
The library regularly hosts major literary exhibitions - e.g. B. to Thomas Bernhard , Carl Amery , Erich Kästner , Annette Kolb , Wolfgang Koeppen , Klaus and Erika Mann , Stefan Zweig or Kurt Tucholsky , who found nationwide recognition.
Exhibitions, some of which were conceived and realized jointly with Monacensia, are each complemented by a diverse accompanying program with readings, films, lectures and discussions. Most exhibition catalogs can also be bought in bookstores.
District libraries
- Allach-Untermenzing: Pfarrer-Grimm-Straße 1
- Berg am Laim: Schlüsselbergstrasse 4
- Bogenhausen: Rosenkavalierplatz 16
- Fürstenried: Forstenrieder Allee 61
- Giesing: Deisenhofener Straße 20 (since April 5, 2016), formerly St.-Martin-Straße 2 (Giesing) and Schlierseestraße 47 (Obergiesing)
- Hadern: Guardinistraße 90
- Hasenbergl: Blodigstrasse 4
- Isarvorstadt: Kapuzinerstraße 28
- Laim: Fürstenrieder Strasse 53
- Maxvorstadt: Augustenstrasse 92
- Milbertshofen: Schleissheimer Strasse 340
- Moosach: Hanauer Strasse 61a
- Neuaubing: Radolfzeller Strasse 15
- Neuhausen: Nymphenburger Strasse 171a
- Neuperlach: Charles-de-Gaulle-Straße 2a
- Pasing: Bäckerstraße 9
- Ramersdorf: Führichstrasse 43
- Schwabing: Hohenzollernstrasse 16
- Sendling: Albert-Roßhaupter-Straße 8
- Waldtrudering: Wasserburger Landstrasse 241
- Westend: Schießstättstraße 20c
Partners and Cooperations
- History workshop Neuhausen e. V.
- Cultural Department of the City of Munich
- Munich Adult Education Center
- Cultural center of the Jewish community in Munich and Upper Bavaria
- Culture in Hadern e. V.
literature
- The focus is on the Munich City Library: at the opening in the Haus am Gasteig on May 29, 1984, publisher: Direktion der Städtische Bibliotheken München, Editor: Peter J. Thannabaur, Städtische Bibliotheken, München, 1984
- Eva Schubert (Ed.): 150 Years Munich City Library: Sept. 21, 1993 Am Gasteig (exhibition catalog), Munich City Library, Munich, 1994
- Wolfgang Gartzke, among others: mobile libraries, special libraries, cultural and public relations work, new media - the information library of the future, Munich City Library, Munich, 1996
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Annual Report 2017 Facts and Figures 2017, p. 47, 1st column (PDF)
- ↑ About us , at muenchner-stadtbibliothek.de
- ↑ Press release of the City of Munich from August 6, 2012 ( Memento from February 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ hospital libraries , on muenchner-stadtbibliothek.de
- ↑ Munich City Library - Hildebrandhaus. Retrieved January 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Munich City Library: Welcome to the book buses. Retrieved May 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Wanderbüchereiwagen at www.tramreport.de accessed on December 13, 2017
- ^ The Traveling Library 1932 at www.britishpathe.com.Retrieved December 13, 2017
- ↑ Munich City Library, Medienmobil
- ↑ Harthof: Long way to read. In: www.sueddeutsche.de. October 14, 2019, accessed March 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Munich City Library will be open everywhere on Saturdays from 2020. November 8, 2019, accessed November 9, 2019 .
- ↑ branch libraries on muenchner-stadtbibliothek.de