Agnes Bernauer

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Agnes Bernauer (disambiguation) .

Agnes Bernauer (painting by an unknown Augsburg painter of the 18th century based on a template from the 16th century)

Agnes Bernauer (* around 1410 probably in Augsburg ; † October 12, 1435 near Straubing ) was the lover and perhaps also the first wife of the Bavarian Duke Albrecht III. Due to this unrelated relationship, Albrecht came into conflict with his father Ernst , who had Agnes Bernauer drowned in the Danube in 1435 . Her life and death were processed in numerous literary works, among the most famous are Friedrich Hebbel's eponymous tragedy Agnes Bernauer and Die Bernauerin by Carl Orff . Every four years the Agnes Bernauer Festival takes place in Straubing , where the story of amateur actors is staged.

Life

Agnes Bernauer in Augsburg, drawn by R. A. Jaumann for Achleitners Bayern as it was and is

Agnes Bernauer was probably born around 1410; nothing is known about her childhood and youth. She is traditionally considered to be the daughter of the Augsburg Bader Kaspar Bernauer, whose existence has not yet been proven. Since the Bavarian duke's son Albrecht III. Participated in a tournament in Augsburg in February 1428 , it is often assumed that he met Agnes on this occasion and brought him to Munich shortly afterwards. In a Munich tax list dated 1428, a pernawin is already mentioned as a member of his court, who is probably Agnes Bernauer.

By the summer of 1432 at the latest, Agnes Bernauer was a fixture at the Munich court. She managed to arrest the robber baron Münnhauser, who had fled to the Alte Veste , and aroused the anger of Count Palatine Beatrix , Albrecht's sister , with her self-confident demeanor . It is possible that Agnes and Albrecht were already married at this point, but there is no concrete evidence of a marriage. Albrecht's frequent stays at Blutenburg Castle since the beginning of 1433 and the sale of two nearby farms to Agnes in January of this year suggest that the couple lived there together. There is no evidence of joint stays in Albrechts Grafschaft Vohburg , nor are any descendants known.

Duke Ernst, Albrecht's father, obviously could not accept the endangerment of the succession through the improper association of his only son. While Albrecht was on a hunting event of his relative Heinrich von Bayern-Landshut , the old Duke had Agnes arrested and drowned on October 12, 1435 near Straubing in the Danube . Albrecht first went to Duke Ludwig in Ingolstadt , but after a few months reconciled with his father and married Anna von Braunschweig in November 1436. The feared military conflict between father and son did not take place, perhaps Emperor Sigismund had a moderating effect on Albrecht.

souvenir

Gravestone in the Agnes-Bernauer-Chapel with Agnes actress from the Straubinger Festival from 2007

Colored wood engraving of the Agnes Bernauer Chapel (from Johann Sporschil's History of the Germans , 1850)

Albrecht founded Agnes Bernauer in December 1435 a perpetual mass and an anniversary in the Straubing Carmelite monastery . In 1447 he expanded this foundation again in honor of the "first women Agnesen der Pernauerin". As early as 1436, probably to appease him, his father had an Agnes Bernauer chapel built in the cemetery of St. Peter zu Straubing . It is uncertain whether Agnes was buried in the cloister of the Carmelite monastery, as she wished, or whether Albrecht arranged for the bones to be transferred to the chapel dedicated to her. In any case, a gravestone made of red marble was set in the floor of the chapel, on which Agnes Bernauer is depicted almost life-size. The relief shows the deceased lying with her head on a large pillow. With her right hand, adorned with two rings, she is holding a rosary , two small dogs at her feet are supposed to show her the way to the afterlife. Probably due to an oversight, October 12th, 143 6, is the date of her death on the stone .

For the next three centuries there is only scant information about the memorial foundation for Agnes Bernauer. In 1508 a Johannes Haberlander was responsible for the Bernauer Chapel as chaplain . For their maintenance and the daily reading of the mass, he received £ 17 Regensburg pfennigs from the Duke's cash register . By 1526 his office had passed to Leonhard Plattner, who received 48 guilders and 4 schillings Viennese pfennigs for his work. How long this chaplaincy was held is unclear. It is only known that the church administrator Franz von Paula Romayr had the tombstone affixed to the wall of the chapel in 1785 with the permission of the Bavarian Elector Karl Theodor in order to protect it from further damage "by the footsteps of people". The grave itself could not be found when the capstone was reburied.

The Agnes Bernauer Chapel nonetheless developed into a tourist destination at the beginning of the 19th century. The Bayerische National-Zeitung even saw it as the only reason to stop in Straubing. The locals willingly, but not always reliably, provide information to visitors. In 1813 a concerned reader wrote to the Königlich-Bairische Intellektivenblatt that the sacristan had informed him that Austrian troops had taken away the Bernauer woman's bones. When the poet August von Platen inspected the tombstone in 1822, he learned from the sacristan that Agnes and Albrecht had been exchanged after their birth and were therefore in reality the daughter of the duke and the son of a bath. French soldiers, however, had taken a book with them to prove this exchange. The English playwright James Planché relied on his visit to Straubing in 1827 rather to the handbook for travelers on the Danube by Josef August Schultes .

After the excavations in the chapel near St. Peter did not reveal any results, Bernauer biographer Felix Joseph Lipowsky had Agnes Bernauer's grave searched in the Carmelite monastery in 1807. He had discovered a note in the monastery archive that it was in the former St. Nicholas Chapel of the monastery church. The crypt under the chapel, which had been converted into a sacristy after 1692 , was buried, however, and Lipowsky could only speculate that the bones had been reburied in the course of the conversion. Despite further investigations, the grave remains undiscovered to this day. The Bavarian King Ludwig I , who himself had visited the Agnes-Bernauer-Chapel in 1812 as Crown Prince and later dedicated a poem to the Bernauerin, ensured in 1831 that at least the masses for Agnes and Albrecht were read again in the Carmelite Church. For financial reasons, only one anniversary has been celebrated since 1922, for which the Free State of Bavaria pays. The payments for 2006 amounted to EUR 7.67.

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Duke deeds

Among the contemporary sources on Agnes Bernauer, the German-language correspondence of the dukes Albrecht, Ernst and Heinrich should be mentioned. A hint from Ernst to his sick son, he should beware of women, from September 1433 is mostly related to the Bernau woman. Agnes was probably also one of the subjects Ernst wanted to speak to Albrecht about in May 1435. On October 6th, Heinrich von Bayern-Landshut invited Albrecht to hunt. Despite an imminent memorial service for his uncle Wilhelm, who had recently died, he accepted the invitation and was therefore not in Straubing on October 12, the day of his execution. A note on Heinrich's letter suggests that other letters existed, but were removed from the archives on the instructions of one of the dukes.

Duke Ernst with his councilors Aichstätter, Gundelfingen and Notthracht (drawing by RA Jaumann, created 1899)

Ernst's official justification for the execution of the Bernauerin can be found in the instructions with which he sent his confidante Friedrich Aichstetter to Emperor Sigismund on October 28, 1435. Agnes Bernauer was a "bad woman" and his son had been depressed about her for three or four years. Ernst finally became afraid for Albrecht's life, especially since he had heard that Agnes wanted to murder himself and his young nephew Adolf , the son of his brother Wilhelm. After there was no end in sight to the threat to his family from this woman, he had her drowned. Unfortunately, however, Ludwig von Bayern-Ingolstadt , whom the emperor already knew as a troublemaker, has now moved Ernst's son to his court. Sigismund should recommend Albrecht to return to his father and follow his instructions. Ernst only wanted to help his son, whose relationship with Agnes Bernauer had damaged the reputation of the Bavarian princes abroad.

It is not known how the emperor, in whose family Veronika Deseniška , the second wife of his brother-in-law Friedrich von Cilli , had already had a similar incident a few years earlier , reacted to this request. In any case, Ernst and Albrecht soon reconciled. On the deed of foundation dated December 12, 1435, the father expressly stated that the foundation had also taken place in his interest and with his knowledge. In a letter to Ernst, his cousin Heinrich was delighted with this development, but soon found out that Albrecht still resented the "story about the Pernawerin" himself. The relationship between Albrecht and Ernst improved noticeably: In January 1436 the old Duke asked his son to stay longer in Munich to go hunting with him, and when Ernst became seriously ill in April, Albrecht was genuinely concerned . After his recovery, Ernst donated the Agnes Bernauer Chapel near St. Peter along with an anniversary and a perpetual mass, but he did not live to see the expansion of the foundation among the Carmelites by Albrecht on Agnestag 1447.

Chamber accounts

The earliest known news about Agnes Bernauer does not come from the duke's deeds, but from a Munich tax list from 1428. Albrecht's servants were not exempt from the special tax to finance the Hussite Wars, to which Agnes apparently already belonged at that time. For the following years the chamber accounts of the Munich city clerk Hans Rosenbusch are the most important source. Rosenbusch, who, as a representative of the class-conscious patriciate Agnes Bernauer, was critical of the episode with the robber baron Münnhauser and the anger of the countess Palatine Beatrix against the Bernauerin. The arrest of two women is also known from the chamber accounts, who apparently created a mood for Agnes among the new citizens of the city in March 1434.

When Beatrix stayed in Munich again in December 1434, she complained, according to Rosenbusch, that her brother Albrecht did not have "a beautiful wife" like his uncle Wilhelm. In mid-October 1435, the later city treasurer Karl Ligsalz had his travel expenses reimbursed. He had traveled with Ernst to a meeting of the princes and lords in Kelheim , at which there was talk of Ludwig von Ingolstadt and the woman from Bernau. Which of the other dukes was also present is disputed. In view of the poor relationship between Albrecht and Heinrich after Agnes Bernauer's death, the historian Sigmund Riezler assumed that Duke Ernst in Kelheim would inform Heinrich von Landshut of the planned execution and that the joint hunt proposed by him was only an excuse to keep Albrecht away long enough Keep Straubing away.

Heinrich's role will probably not be finally clarified. On the other hand, the reaction of the Munich town clerk to the death of the Bernauerin was all the more clear: On October 22nd he reported that they had "made the Bernauerin to heaven" and had the news of her "sinking in the Danube" passed on. Six days later he financed the trip to Albrecht for the Munich patricians Peter Rudolf and Lorenz Schrenck , who were believed to be in Vohburg or Ingolstadt. You should ask him to return to his father. On December 10th, Ernst's chamberlain announced to a doubting Hans Rosenbusch that Ernst and Albrecht had reconciled. Shortly before Christmas, the people of Munich even had candles lighted to ask God for Albrecht's submission. The 32,000 Ave Maria , which were supposed to bring peace to the state of Bavaria at Easter 1436, were probably motivated by renewed arguments with Ludwig von Ingolstadt. The town clerk finally linked a list of the gifts for the wedding between Duke Albrecht and Anna of Braunschweig in November 1436 with a final tip against Agnes Bernauer: Everyone should be happy “that we have not won another Bernauer woman”.

Aubing deed of purchase

The first name Agnes was first mentioned in the deed of purchase from the parish of Aubing on January 7, 1433. The contract partners were the pastor of Aubing, the provost of the Ulrichskirche in Laim and the "honorable virgin Agnes the Bernauerin". Agnes bought a hat and a farm in Untermenzing for £ 25 Munich pfennigs . It was not disclosed where she got the money from, and Albrecht was not mentioned in the certificate either. The fact that Agnes was referred to as a virgin suggests that she was not married to Albrecht at least at that time. The purchase was probably financed by Albrecht, who probably wanted to secure it financially. He stayed in this area several times between 1433 and 1435 and also had the nearby Blutenburg expanded. If one also takes into account the news dated January 25, 1434 that the Hofmeister zu Menzing should hand over five Rhenish guilders to the Bernauerin, it seems reasonable to assume that Agnes and Albrecht lived there for a long time.

Reports from contemporary witnesses

Piccolomini as Pope Pius II (together with Emperor Friedrich III. In Schedel's world chronicle )

The first historian to mention Duke Albrecht and the Bernauerin was their contemporary Andreas von Regensburg in his Chronica de principibus terrae Bavarorum , which was written at Duke Ludwig's suggestion . According to Andreas, the prince attacked on November 23, 1434 at a tournament in Regensburg because of his mistress is probably Albrecht, at least in the additions added in 1469 and in more detailed reports from later chroniclers. Andreas' account of her execution is the basis of almost all later reports about Agnes Bernauer. He wrote that on October 12, 1435, on the orders of Duke Ernst, the beautiful lover of his son Albrecht, the daughter of an Augsburg barber, had been thrown from the Straubing Danube bridge. She still tried to swim to the bank, but was pushed back under the water by the executioner with a rod. The resulting conflict between father and son was finally settled through the foundation of a chapel and an eternal mass at the grave of the Bernauerin near St. Peter.

Only a few details were penned by later authors that cannot already be found in Andreas von Regensburg. He did not mention either the first name of the woman from Bernau, which was documented and inscribed, or the name of her father. Nor did he name her hair color. When asked whether Albrecht was married to her, Andreas did not commit himself. The second contemporary witness, the later Pope Enea Silvio de 'Piccolomini , who probably learned of the story at the Council of Basel (1431–1449), is different . Piccolomini said that Albrecht had only promised Agnes to marry her, but had not kept this promise. Proud Agnes thought she was better than her parents because of the young duke's love for her and was drowned near Straubing in the Danube when his father Ernst realized that Albrecht did not want to marry a noblewoman because of her. Piccolomini did not mention their place of origin or their name, perhaps they were not known to him. He simply referred to her as "a bath attendant's girl" without going into any further detail.

reception

"The lamentable fate of Agnes Bernauer of Augsburg is an object worthy of dramatic treatment or a novella."

- Christian Friedrich Schönbein (1855)

Chroniclers to Johannes Aventinus

The first authors who dealt with the Bernauerin after Andreas von Regensburg and Enea Silvio de 'Piccolomini were the Bavarian and Swabian chroniclers of the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Their reports were often very brief and deviated from Andreas' remarks in some details. For example, Johannes Frank from Augsburg dated the execution of “Engel Bernauerin” - “Engel” is a pet form of the first name Agnes - around 1467 to October 13, 1434, while an anonymous fellow citizen of Frank stated a little later that her father was “Leichtlin, ain barber ”. The Bavarian court chronicler Ulrich Füetrer did not go into more detail about Agnes Bernauer around 1480 and only spoke generally of Albrecht's preference for the "tender frawen", while his colleague Hans Ebran von Wildenberg reported ten years later that she was "a sleepy woman" of the boy Duke's been. Ernst's father offered her to marry someone else instead. But when the middle-class Agnes wanted a member of the powerful aristocratic family of the Degenbergs as her husband, he got so angry about this wish that he had her drowned.

Veit Arnpeck , who was writing about the same time as Ebran von Wildenberg, apparently did not know Ernst's marriage offer, but wrote that the old duke soon regretted Agnes' execution, which took place on October 12, 1436, and that she was also like a princess "Buried with a beautiful stain". During her lifetime, Agnes Bernauer was so beautiful that you could see from the outside how the red wine had flowed down her neck. An anonymous Regensburg chronicler described the execution around 1500 in detail and with the correct date, but his report corresponds almost literally to that of Andreas von Regensburg, whom he obviously had at his disposal. The chronicle of the Augsburg resident Hektor Mülich presented the case more succinctly, but in his own words: Duke Ernst had "Engla Bernauerin" drowned in Straubing on October 12, 1435 because his son loved her, gave her a princely court and she - " fil people “are of this opinion - even have taken to marriage.

The Ebersberg monk Vitus also relied on unspecified informants when he stated around 1505 that Albrecht had given Agnes the Straubing Ducal Palace as an apartment. Angelus Rumpler , on the other hand, relied on the depiction of Piccolomini, whom he briefly called Aeneas, for his Calamitates Bavariae , which was also created around 1505 . A few years later, the historian Ladislaus Sunthaym showed himself more imaginative in his Familia Ducum Bavariae , who wanted to know that Agnes came from Biberach , was very sensitive, had a well-formed figure and had her golden hair long. Ernst had her executed because she repeatedly referred to Albrecht as her husband and did not want to marry anyone else. The abbot Johannes Trithemius first expressed harsh criticism of the old duke's approach in 1514 . He called the execution "an act unworthy of a Christian prince". Trithemius could not see a crime in the fact that Ernst's son had fallen in love with a "country girl", Albrecht was not the first prince and will not be the last to place more value on beauty than on origins.

Johannes Aventinus (print by Hans Sebald Lautensack from an edition from 1554)

The Augsburg town clerk Konrad Peutinger, in his Chronica of many well-known stories , written around 1515, refrained from making a moral assessment of the events, but not pointing to the good looks of the Bernau woman . According to him, the beautiful daughter of the Augsburg barber Leichtlin offered to go to a monastery, but was drowned anyway. Peutinger seems to have felt sorry for her; he concluded with the request that God be gracious to her. Johannes Aventinus took a completely different approach in 1521 : he linked the sad story of Agnes Bernauer with a story he thought was funny of six (in a later version five) monks who fell into the Inn along with their arithmetic room and were finally rescued by fishermen . The happy rescue of the monks was followed by Aventine's portrayal of the downfall of the Bernauerin, which for the first time also included the trial before the ducal court, which was often portrayed later. After his son had promised to publicly marry his mistress and she planned to show herself as the Duchess of Bavaria, Ernst had summoned all the men who could advise and obtained Agnes' arrest. When she defended herself in court "too brazenly with female rash", she was sewn into a sack and drowned in the Danube.

Chronicler after Johannes Aventinus

The Augsburg Benedictine Clemens Sender described the death of Agnes Bernauer around 1536 somewhat differently . Ernst's executioner had offered her that she would be free if she only confessed that Albrecht was not her husband, and only threw her into the water when she replied that she was Albrecht's wife. When she was still alive when she was pulled out of the water for the third time, the executioner pushed her to the bottom of the river with a long pole, which drowned her. The Augsburg-born scholar Hieronymus Ziegler placed the focus of his presentation, for which he went back on several sources, less on the execution itself than on the background and the consequences of the crime. The characterization of the acting persons and the court scene he took largely from Aventine's Chronicle, in his description of the execution he paraphrased Andreas von Regensburg and for the assessment he consulted Enea Silvio de 'Piccolomini, but came to a different conclusion than this. Like Trithemius, whose work he probably also knew, Ziegler called the murder of the Bernauer woman “unworthy” and saw it as a confirmation of the thesis “law is the advantage of the powerful”.

The Regensburg chronicler Lorenz Hochwart did a less extensive study of literature than Ziegler and mainly relied on the information from Andreas von Regensburg, which he only added to the names of other participants in the Regensburg tournament of 1434 and the hair color of Agnes Bernauer. His Augsburg colleague Achilles Pirmin Gasser let her die sewn into a sack like Aventine and said that the people called her Angela. A Genealogia Ducum Bavariae compiled around 1580 stated that Agnes was “so hardened in Poshayt” that she “claimed to be Duchess herself” and that Duke Ernst was not prepared to recognize “Irish judge and lord”, which the Duke asked her "Drown". A few years later, an author from Straubing also took on the events. Georg Sigersreiter informed the readers of his Antiquitates Straubingenses in verse in 1584 that Agnes had ended her life on October 12, 1436 because she had been drowned as an adulteress on behalf of the noble Duke Ernst.

While most of the authors of the late 16th and early 17th centuries were familiar with the portrayal of the Bernauer case, Gottfried's Chronicle once again offered a completely new interpretation: the execution of the Bernauer woman was simply " a bit of a Bavarian excess ”. Ernst had "acted well in Bavarian", but thereby attracted the anger of his son. The author of the chronicle considered the later foundation of the chapel and perpetual mass superfluous and concluded with the words “when the calf drowned, the well is closed”. The argument in the Annales Boicae gentis by the Jesuit Johannes Vervaux , published in 1662 under the name of the Bavarian Chancellor Johann Adlzreiter von Tettenweis , seems more thoughtful than Gottfried's . After a detailed account of the events, Vervaux admitted that Ernst's approach had appeared harsh to some - he named Trithemius by name - but the old duke, like Moses ( Num 25.4  EU ), had to set an example against fornication . The fact that he only punished Agnes, but not the equally guilty Albrecht, was above all appropriate because he was his only hope of legitimate offspring.

Poet and playwright from the 16th to 18th centuries Century

Beginning of the song about the beautiful woman from Bernau (from Schöppner's book of legends of the Bavarian Lands from 1874)

In the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous chroniclers found Agnes Bernauer worthy of a mention, but poetic adaptations of Bern oxygen from this period are quite rare. According to Ladislaus Sunthaym, around 1510 a “beautiful song” was sung about the woman from Bernau, the wording of which, however, has not been passed down. Perhaps it was already the song by the beautiful Bernauerin , which is still known today , but it was only proven in the 18th century (see Bernauerin (Volksballade) ). Only a master song by Hans Sachs from 1546 with the title Die drowned Jungfrau and a Bavarian arrangement of this master song , recorded in Danzig in 1604 by a certain Jörg Wallner, perhaps a furrier from Burghausen , are certain . Sachs and Wallner, who called Agnes the furrier's daughter in his song, used Arnpeck's picture of the red wine that you can see flowing down your throat from the outside to illustrate her beauty.

The first author, who reached with a Bernauer seal a larger audience was probably the Silesian poet Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau , the posthumously published in his 1680 Hero letters the love between Hertzog Ungenand and Agnes Bernin represented as correspondence. An introduction in prose, the content of which was based on Aventine, but omitted precise details of the place or time, was followed in verse by a letter from Agnes smuggled out of the dungeon and the reply from "Hertzog Ungenand". In it Ungenand promised his doomed lover: "You can drive my body from your soul / But my mind cannot / if you love you forever." Although Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau's work had a great influence on later poets, his heroic letter apparently did not succeed to get other authors interested in the topic. It was not taken up again until almost a century later by the Augsburg patrician Paul von Stetten , the son of the city historian of the same name , in his verse tale Siegfried and Agnes .

It was reserved for the tragedy Agnes Bernauerin by Joseph August von Toerring , which premiered in Mannheim in 1781, in order to trigger a veritable glut of dramatizations of the oxygen in Bern at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. In contrast to its predecessors, Toerring attached great importance to correctly specifying the place and time of the action as well as the names of the people involved; According to his own statements, he relied on the Rerum Boicarum Scriptores compiled by Andreas Felix von Oefele in 1763 and the deed of foundation of the Dukes Ernst and Albrecht. In doing so, he did not renounce poetic liberties: Toerring moved large parts of the plot to Vohburg and largely blamed Straubing Vicedom , who was mostly identified with Heinrich Notthracht von Wernberg , for the execution of the Bernauerin , in order to relieve Ernst as head of state of this guilt. The play, which appeared anonymously, could not be performed in Toerring's hometown of Munich, as the Bavarian Elector Karl Theodor did not allow any “patriotic tragedies” there after Joseph Marius von Babos Otto von Wittelsbach .

Toerrings Agnes Bernauerin was first performed in Mannheim (copper engraving by Joseph Sebastian and Johann Baptist Klauber, 1782)

In other German cities, Toerring's Agnes Bernauerin was brought to the stage all the more successfully: In Mannheim the piece was played nine times in 1781, in Hamburg twelve times and in Berlin fifteen times. The theaters in Salzburg , Dresden and Leipzig also showed the woman from Bernau in 1781. The figure of the Vicedom drew the hatred of many spectators; in order to calm the heated spirits, he was even thrown into the Danube in Hamburg and in the Salzburg production directed by Emanuel Schikaneder , who was born in Straubing . The contemporary critics were unanimously positive about Toerring's tragedy, only Anton von Klein criticized in his review of the Mannheim premiere the violation of the three units of Aristotle and the use of prose instead of verse. The French arrangements by Adrien-Chrétien Friedel , Pierre-Ulric Dubuisson and Jean-Baptiste de Milcent were less successful . While Friedel Toerring translated largely true to the original, Dubuisson tried, in his only once played version, to at least guarantee the unity of the place. Milcent even gave his Agnès Bernau a happy ending and allowed Ernst to allow Agnes and Albrecht to marry.

The English poet and travel writer Mariana Starke let her adaptation of the drama, which was performed under the title The Tournament in New York in 1803, end well, like Milcent, but was just as unable to build on Toerring's success as her French colleagues. The same applies to the numerous plays by German authors who dealt with Agnes Bernauer in the following years. Already in 1781 the singspiel Albert the Third of Bavaria with music by Georg Joseph Vogler and the ballet Agnes Bernauerin by Franz Gleißner were brought to the stage, who in 1790 published a melodrama of the same name . Gleißner's melodrama saw numerous (22) performances, the music for it can be found today in the Hamburg State and University Library (music manuscripts: ND VII 466, formerly MA / 675 and ND VII 467, formerly MA / 2119). Even the burlesque with singing of the same name , travested in German Knittelverse by Carl Ludwig Giesecke and composed by Ignaz von Seyfried , could not stay on the program permanently. The same fate suffered sequels of Toerring's tragedy as Joseph Anton von Destouches ' Die Rache Albert III. and the play Albrecht's Vengeance for Agnes , composed on this basis by the Austrian playwright Tobias Frech von Ehrimfeld .

18th century historian

For historians who dealt with Bavaria and its history in the 18th and 19th centuries, Agnes Bernauer remained an indispensable part of their works both before and after Toerring. In view of the detailed description in Adlzreiter / Vervaux, it could not be missing in Anton Wilhelm Ertl's frequently published Relationes Curiosae Bavariae . Ertl wrote critically about the relationship between Agnes and Albrecht: "In 1436 it happened / that [...] Albrecht was so charmed by the beauty Anna Bernauerin an Augspurgische maiden / that he [...] did not show himself off / this beautiful nympham [...] surrounded with very heated love. ”Since the young duke in love had not heeded his father's advice, he had to be freed“ although in a very pathetic way / from the yoke of such an indecent love-slave ”. The writer Heinrich Anselm von Ziegler and Kliphausen declared a few years later that Ernst had cruelly tried to keep his house "unsullied from the relatives of a bathing man", the Jesuit Ignatius Schwarz even said in 1731 that Albrecht had "his father's just conduct" later recognized.

The authors of the next few years relied sometimes on Aventine, sometimes on Adlzreiter / Vervaux and usually limited themselves to a brief description of the events in the style of early modern chroniclers. Independent statements can be found in the state history of the Churhaus Bavaria - the execution was unjust, "as long as more lenient means are available, one does not have to go to extremes" - and in the General History of Germany by the French Joseph Barre , according to which Albrecht had previously done Knew of the planned execution but did not take the news seriously. In 1759, in his Bavarian Story, Father Daniel Stadler pragmatically expressed himself on the convenience of Albrecht's marriage to Anna von Braunschweig: "Be that as it may, the father quickly gave his son a wife to whom he could spend his love sensibly."

Lorenz von Westenrieder (bust in the hall of fame )

Johann Heinrich von Falckenstein dealt with the life and death of the woman from Bernau in much more detail than his predecessors . In his Complete Stories of the Great Duchy and Former Kingdom of Bavaria, published in 1763 , in which Joseph August von Toerring probably also obtained information before writing his drama, he compared in detail the reports of Aventine and Adlzreiter, whose reference to the Book Numbers of the Old Testament did not convince him . Falckenstein saw Duke Albrecht to be more guilty than the "Plebeja" Agnes Bernauer, who might not have been aware of the consequences of an unequal connection. There were also other means of separating the unequal couple; Agnes could have been taken to a place her lover did not know, such as a monastery. In addition, her murder was associated with the risk that Albrecht could have lost his mind out of desperation or could have killed himself.

Like Falckenstein, Lorenz von Westenrieder also referred to Agnes Bernauer in his writings on Bavarian national history. Probably based on Ladislaus Sunthaym, he had it come from Biberach an der Riss and attributed numerous positive properties to it. Westenrieder called a marriage to Albrecht “more than likely” and put the Bernauerin on alternately in 1435 and 1436. Abraham Wolfgang Küfner's almanac for the year 1788 was more skeptical , who only considered the love between the duke's son and Bader's daughter, the rejection of the father and the execution that he had arranged to be certain. Above all, he sharply rejected "the witchcraft accused of" as "an invention of newer [...] minds"; Aventine had not written anything about it. The True Overview of the History of the Bavarian Nation , on the other hand, assumed a marriage between Agnes and Albrecht as given and boldly described the drowning in the Danube as "revenge of the court and the nobility for the outrage that civil blood wanted to mix with prince blood".

Felix Joseph Lipowsky made the first attempt at a scientific Agnes Bernauer biography . Lipowsky evaluated numerous sources, but did not always quote them correctly and also left plenty of room for one's own imagination. Probably inspired by Toerring's tragedy, he described a wedding of Agnes and Albrechts in Vohburg, which was not supported by any evidence, but was gladly taken over by later authors. He added invented details to many of the events known only from short notes by chroniclers. The Bernauer historian Werner Schäfer judged in 1995: “The historical treatise almost turned into a novel, and in parts a rather bombastic one.” Even the historians Gottfried Horchler and Sigmund Riezler could not gain much from Lipowsky's biography; the dramatists of the 19th century opposed it - probably precisely because of the abundance of not always documented details - often back to it.

19th century poet and playwright

Carl Maria von Weber (from Two Hundred German Men by Ludwig Bechstein )

In addition, Joseph August von Toerring's role model remained effective. Carl Kluehne edited his drama, Carl Maria von Weber parodied it in his novel Tonkünstler's life and the French writer Henri Verdier de Lacoste imitated it in La Fille du Baigneur d'Augsbourg . It was not until 1821 that Julius Körner dared to work independently on amber oxygen, but was unable to convince his contemporaries. The dialogized historical novella by Hermann Schiff , a cousin of Heinrich Heine , was not a great success either. Better recorded the three Bernauer operas of the 1830s: The of Karl August Krebs wrote great opera Agnes Bernauer , whose libretto August Lewald had written, was in Hamburg in 1833 a lot of applause, the Melodramma Odda di Bernaver by Giovanni Emanuele Bidera and Giuseppe Lillo was in 1837 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples and in 1840 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan , and Agnes Bernauer, the Maid of Augsburg by Thomas J. Serle and George Macfarren was performed in Covent Garden in London in 1839 .

In addition to factual texts and dramas, numerous stories about the woman from Bernau were published in the 19th century. The first were Die Schwalben by Friederike Lohmann and Der Engel von Augsburg by August Werg . Several poems were also published, including a ballad based on the folk tale written by the Straubing city historian Martin Sieghart in 1833 and three poems by Adalbert Müller . Most of the authors who wrote about the Bernauerin tried their hand at stage plays: Between 1841 and 1847 the translator Ludwig Braunfels , the Swiss judge Franz Krutter , the French playwrights Jules-Édouard Alboize de Pujol and Paul Foucher , the poet Adolf Böttger wrote and the teacher Franz Cornelius Honcamp Bernauerdramen. The writer Otto Ludwig even designed half a dozen pieces by 1864, which later became the subject of several German research projects. Ludwig filled more than 2,700 pages with his drafts, which examined the topic from ever new perspectives, but never fully met his own requirements.

Friedrich Hebbel (painting by Carl Rahl , 1851)

The most successful dramatic implementation of Bern oxygen alongside Toering's work was finally achieved in 1852 by Friedrich Hebbel with Agnes Bernauer . For his German tragedy in five acts, Hebbel also used Toerring, Lipowsky's biography, Falckenstein's Complete Stories and the Augsburg city history of the elder Paul von Stetten. In the first act he showed Agnes' surroundings from Augsburg and her first encounter with Albrecht in the city dance hall, at the end of the second act the wedding between the two was already a done deal. In the third act, the audience saw Duke Ernst at work, Albrecht and Agnes in Vohburg and, as a highlight, the young Duke's rejection at the tournament in Regensburg. The fourth act saw Ernst signing the death sentence and arresting the Bernauer woman in Straubing. Hebbel did not explicitly portray their execution in the fifth act, but the subsequent arguments between father and son, which he ended with the handover of government power to Albrecht.

Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer was controversial right from the start: After the Munich premiere, Georg Herwegh accused the author of having "taught the naked clarity of injustice [...] as right" and advised him to give up writing. However, performances in Weimar and Stuttgart were very well received by the public, Agnes Bernauer was read in schools and was still often played in the 20th century. Such lasting success was not granted to any of Hebbel's immediate successors. The dramas by Melchior Meyr , Leo Goldammer , Hermann Eduard Jahn , Emanuel Hiel and Arnold Ott were performed several times, but soon disappeared from the stage. Also of the many lyrical and epic arrangements from the second half of the 19th century, only a few were able to win over a second generation of readers. Neither the extensive historical-romantic time and morals painting by the accountant Friedrich Wilhelm Bruckbräu, nor the Lied der Liebe by Emil Seippel or Adolf Stern's novella Das Fräulein von Augsburg became classics like the dramas Toerrings and Hebbels.

19th century historian

Philippine Welser around 1557 (portrait in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna , anonymous)

Not only numerous poets, but also many historians grappled with Agnes Bernauer in the 19th century. However, they were mostly limited to summarizing the circulating Bernauer legends more or less critically and adding their own speculations. Heinrich Zschokke said in his Bavarian story that Duke Albrecht “loved women rather than marriage”, but made an exception for Agnes, who was as beautiful as she was virtuous. After her death he married Anna von Braunschweig, "he could not love her". History professor Konrad Mannert wrote in 1826, after briefly describing the events and the reasons for the execution, "it was an evil act" which "none of the old narrators had reported with any sign of approval". His colleague Andreas Buchner refrained from making a personal assessment, but believed he knew that Albrecht had "secretly taken the Bader daughter to Vohburg" and later wanted to take revenge "on the Vitzthum Nothhaft and the councilors who brought the verdict to maturity".

Wolfgang Menzel compared Agnes Bernauer in 1843 with two women against whom “similar atrocities” had been perpetrated in the 15th century: Anna von Nassau, the second wife of Count Philipp von Katzenelnbogen , was poisoned in order to die the aging count without male heirs let (in fact it remained with the attempt), and Veronika von Teschenitz, the civil wife of Count Friedrich von Cilli , was drowned on the orders of her father-in-law Hermann and her brother-in-law Emperor Sigismund . According to Menzel, "[one learned] these assassinations [...] in Italy, it was a wälsche practice", a statement that was deleted from the 6th edition of his Geschichte der Deutschen (History of the Germans) published in 1872 . In the paperback for patriotic history, Joseph von Hormayr saw parallels with Philippine Welser from Augsburg , who married Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in 1557 and was also called "angel". On the death of the Bernauerin, he wrote that in Albrecht's absence she was "betrayed in his castle in Vohburg, dragged to Straubing before a completely unauthorized blood court, and as a witch [...] was thrown from the Danube bridge".

Agnes Bernauers also took on the Wittelsbach house historiography: Joseph Heinrich Wolf made her a “watchmaker's daughter” in his book on Das Haus Wittelsbach , Johann Michael von Söltl had her in Die Wittelsbacher with her contemporaries in the Kingdom of Bavaria as a “witch” and Franz Maria Brug in the family wars of the Wittelsbach family of 1856 accuse Albrecht of being “sorceress, poisoner and seductress”. In his History of the Germans , Johann Sporschil spoke of “tragic events brought about by a raw sense of violence” and of an unjustifiable “act of barbaric raison d'etre” by the art historian Ernst Förster in his monuments of German architecture . Less indignant, but very well informed, Christian Meyer was in his essay in the gazebo from 1873, in which he also discussed the foundations of the Dukes Ernst and Albrecht and the relocation of the tombstone in the Bernauer Chapel.

Riezler's lecture Agnes Bernauerin and the Bavarian dukes , 1885

In the 1880s, two still fundamental works on Agnes Bernauer appeared, the school program Agnes Bernauer in History and Poetry by Gottfried Horchler and the academy lecture Agnes Bernauerin and the Bavarian Dukes by Sigmund Riezler . In 1883, Horchler wrote the first biography of the Bernauer woman, actually worked from the sources, for the Royal Realschule in Straubing, to which he added the deed of purchase from Aubing and the deed of foundation. A year later he presented an overview of the literary adaptations of the Bern oxygen from Es reiten three riders out to Munich to Otto Ludwig after. The Munich historian and archivist Sigmund Riezler read Horchler's essays and thought further investigation on the subject would be worthwhile. Previous authors had treated the sources too uncritically and had neglected the contemporary documents in favor of the later chroniclers. Riezler therefore compiled all the relevant invoices and letters and subjected them to a detailed examination. He thought a secret marriage between Agnes and Albrecht was likely, a formal court case for sorcery unlikely, and a war of revenge between the son and his father was ruled out.

Wilhelm Schreiber 's history of Bavaria , published four years after Riezler's report from the academy, did not take into account the results of the report , but also assumed a “secret marriage”. At the end of his description, enriched with invented details, he came to the conclusion that Agnes had become a “victim of dynastic interests” and that Albrecht had “burdened himself with a grave guilt through his marriage to Agnes”. Mathieu Schwann in his illustrated History of Bavaria in 1891 made “the circumstances of the times and the way of thinking of the people” responsible for serious “horrific” deed and sharply criticized Schreiber: “In what chaos is a way of thinking that Albrecht's love for the woman from Bernau still wades today as a 'serious guilt'. ”In 1905 another article by Christian Meyer appeared, this time in Westermannsmonthshefte , in which he partly subscribed to Riezler, but also to a stay of Agnes in Vohburg and an accusation of sorcery .

Playwrights and novelists of the 20th and 21st centuries

In the course of the 20th century, the fate of Agnes Bernauer developed into a popular subject for amateur and open-air plays , the organizers of which often resorted to the tragedy Agnes Bernauer, the angel of Augsburg , published by Martin Greif in 1894 . Greif envisaged numerous speaking roles and a large number of extras and also met the demands of these forms of performance, which are regarded as particularly popular, with a lot of kitsch and pathos . Although his play had some linguistic and dramaturgical weaknesses, it offered the most convincing explanation so far for the quick reconciliation of the Dukes Ernst and Albrecht: Agnes had written her lover in dungeon a letter in which she had asked him to do so. Greif's Agnes Bernauer was edited for the open-air stage in Ötigheim in 1973 and Lenz Prütting in 2001 for the Vohburg Agnes-Bernauer Festival , which was held every four years until 2013. Isabella Kreim wrote a new piece for the 2009 Festival.

Agnes before the judge ( Agnes-Bernauer-Festspiele Straubing, 2011)

The ducal couple of the Agnes Bernauer Festival 2015

→ Main article : Agnes Bernauer Festival

Bernauer dramas have been staged in Straubing since 1790, including the tragedies by Toerring, Meyr and Greif. The tragedy Duchess Agnes by Paul Langenscheidt , the son of the dictionary pioneer Gustav Langenscheidt , was also played. On the 500th anniversary of Agnes Bernauer's death in 1935, the local NSDAP district culture warden Eugen Hubrich , who had already written open-air plays for the Further Drachenstich and the 900th anniversary of the city of Amberg , wrote The Agnes Bernauerin zu Straubing . Hubrich, according to his own statements “National Socialist out of idealism [...] but also with enthusiasm”, wanted with his play not only to stimulate tourism, but also to do justice to the National Socialist conception of art. He described his intention in the style of the time: “The great-great-grandchildren should feel like their ancestors felt in the same place, but they should also recognize that Agnes was a popular sacrifice that was devoured by the cruel Middle Ages, but that can rise in purity in the happy time, which brings about the renewal of blood and custom by the people from the primordial source of life. "

While those in charge of the Straubing Festival after 1945 tried to revise Hubrich's four-act Bernauerin to Straubing , to modernize it linguistically and to free it from nationalistic ideas, the composer and playwright Carl Orff, who was also dissatisfied with the previous arrangements of the topic, wrote his own Bernauerin . Orff's Bavarian piece , premiered in 1947 , made use of an artificial Bavarian language; the orchestral accompaniment was rhythmic and impulsive and required numerous percussion instruments . The Bernauerin was made into a film for television in 1958, made into a radio play in 1980 and performed outdoors in Augsburg, Munich and Straubing. It was a regular part of the Carl Orff Festival Andechs , where it was last on the program in 2013.

The Agnes Bernauer Festival in Straubing, whose long-time director Hans Vicari would also have liked to have performed Orff's Bernauerin , commissioned Johannes Reitmeier and Thomas Stammberger to create a new one in 1994 after lengthy discussions and an author competition that had no clear result Piece. Since 1995 Agnes has been Bernauer. A history game in 15 pictures as before The Agnes Bernauerin zu Straubing performed every four years in the inner courtyard of the Straubing Duke's Palace, in 2003, 2007 and 2011 (co-) author Johannes Reitmeier also took over the direction. In 2011 and 2015 a piece was played in twelve pictures, which in turn came from Reitmeier's pen. The text for the 2019 Festival was written by Teja Fiedler .

Orffs Bernauerin is the only dramatic adaptation of the Agnes Bernauer story from the 20th century that is still played regularly. The dramas by Alfred Putzel, Katharina Rademacher, Franz Servaes , Rosmarie Menschick , Eduard Reinacher and Franz Xaver Kroetz were not granted lasting success. The ballad Agnes Bernauerin by Agnes Miegel , published in 1901, and the films Le Jugement de Dieu (German as Agnes Bernauer ) and Les amours célèbres (German as Galante Liebesgeschichten ) - the latter with Brigitte Bardot as Agnes and Alain Delon as Albrecht - are only left today A term for lovers.

Up until the end of the 19th century, many writers who dealt with Agnes Bernauer tried to give in their texts the impression that they portrayed historical events authentically in some way. The stories by Arthur Achleitner and Karl Allmendinger , each entitled The Angel of Augsburg , were still in this tradition. In Julius Bernburg's Agnes Bernauer novel Agnes Bernauer, The Victim of Faithful Love, which was published in 1924, the entertainment aspect was clearly in the foreground, while the authors Paul Timpe , Albert Liebold and Hans Karl Meixner , who wrote after 1933 , mainly came up with the justification of the execution Elements of National Socialist ideology added. Meixner's Agnes Bernauer. A life full of love and sorrow experienced a new edition in only a little changed form in 1949, but otherwise in the post-war period hardly any novelist dared to deal with the subject of Agnes Bernauer. Only appeared in the 1990s with Agnes Bernauer. Witch, whore, Duchess by Manfred Böckl and Agnes Bernauer and her Duke by Richard Wunderer again two relatively successful works of fiction .

Modern historians and theater scholars

Otto Brahms The German knight drama of the eighteenth century

The fate of the Bernauerin had already stimulated the imagination of the most varied of authors for more than four centuries, when in 1880 Otto Brahms's essay The German Knight Drama of the Eighteenth Century began the scientific examination of the products of her imagination. Brahm took a closer look at Toerring's dramas, Julius Petri focused on Otto Ludwig in his dissertation The Agnes-Bernauer-Stoff in German drama in 1892 and Julius Sahr was enthusiastic about Martin Greif's Agnes Bernauer, the angel of the turn of the century Augsburg . Albert Geßler and August Prehn offered an overview of the previously published arrangements of Bern oxygen in their grammar school programs on the dramaturgy of Bern oxygen and Agnes Bernauer in German poetry . Geßler also presented Franz Krutter's newly published tragedy at the 49th meeting of German philologists and schoolmen in 1908.

Friedrich Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer was particularly often the subject of scientific research. Elise Dosenheimer treated Friedrich Hebbel's conception of the state and his tragedy “Agnes Bernauer” in 1912 , Karl Schultze-Jahde undertook a motivational analysis of Hebbel's “Agnes Bernauer” in 1925 and Karl Schramm received his doctorate in 1933 on Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer on the German stage . Since Hebbel's piece was often used as school reading, several explanatory books were published in which the students could read how they should understand it. Hermann Glaser and Karl Pörnbacher arranged it with their material collections Agnes Bernauer. Poetry and Reality and Agnes Bernauer. Finally, explanations and documents in a larger context. In addition to essays on detailed issues such as Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer - Reception of the Witches' Topic by Christa Tuczay, the radio feature “Senke scheu die Feile Feder” recently appeared . The world premiere of Friedrich Hebbel's “Agnes Bernauer” turned into a scandal for Monika Schattenhofer.

In recent years, some authors have tried to give their readers an overview of the life and literary treatment of Agnes Bernauer, including Karl Pörnbacher in Agnes Bernauer. Literature and Reality , Dietz-Rüdiger Moser with his lecture Love, Suffering and Death of the Bavarian Antigone , Karin Springer in her master’s thesis entitled Historia and Narratio and Eberhard Dünninger with Agnes Bernauer in literature . The band Agnes Bernauer got the most detailed results in 1995 . History - poetry - picture , written by Werner Schäfer, who in 1987 had already published an extensive popular science biography of the Bernauerin. The writer Herbert Rosendorfer and the mediaevalist Claudia Märtl were much shorter, but came up with some interesting ideas. Rosendorfer suspected that Albrecht had expected, perhaps even hoped, that his father would get Agnes out of the way, Märtl interpreted the available sources to mean that he did not meet Agnes in Augsburg, but in Munich.

In addition to Hebbel and Otto Ludwig, after their resumption in 1952, the Straubing Agnes Bernauer Festival also became the focus of scientific interest. Above all, the professors from the University of Regensburg and the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich repeatedly awarded admission , diploma and master's theses on this topic. In addition, since 1995, books have been published in the festival years that deal with Agnes Bernauer or the Straubinger Festival. To shepherd's Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Image followed in 1999 by Alfons Huber's source and reading book Agnes Bernauer in the mirror of sources, chroniclers, historians and writers, and in 2003 again by Werner Schäfer Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. The festival - the festival association , an overview of the history of the festival association and the festival text. In the 2007 festival year, Agnes Bernauer appeared. The murdered 'Duchess' by Marita Panzer and Agnes Bernauer Festival. On, behind and around the stage by Ulli Scharrer. At the 2015 Festival, Who Was Agnes Bernauer? published by Dorit-Maria Krenn and Werner Schäfer.

At times, various ICE connections also bore her name.

literature

The Wikisource entry on Agnes Bernauer offers a detailed bibliography ; the following selection is limited to fundamental, more recent works.

• Alfons Huber: Agnes Bernauer in the mirror of the sources, chroniclers, historians and writers from the 15th to the 20th century. A source and reading book . Attenkofer, Straubing 1999, ISBN 3-931091-45-7 .
• Dorit-Maria Krenn, Werner Schäfer: Who was Agnes Bernauer? Attenkofer, Straubing 2015, ISBN 978-3-942742-49-8 .
• Claudia Märtl : Straubing. The execution of Agnes Bernauer in 1435 . In: Alois Schmid , Katharina Weigand (Hrsg.): Schauplätze der Geschichte in Bayern . CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50957-6 , p. 149-164 .
• Marita Panzer: Agnes Bernauer. The murdered 'Duchess' . Pustet, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7917-2045-6 .
• Werner Schäfer: Agnes Bernauer and her time . Nymphenburger, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-485-00551-7 .
• Werner Schäfer: Agnes Bernauer. History - poetry - picture . Attenkofer, Straubing 1995, ISBN 3-931091-02-3 .
• Hans Schlosser : Agnes Bernauerin (1410–1435). The myth of love, murder and reasons of state . In: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History . German Department . tape 122 , 2005, pp. 263-284 .

Web links

Commons : Agnes Bernauer  - Collection of Images

Wikisource: Bibliography on Agnes Bernauer  - sources and full texts

Wikisource: Song of the beautiful Bernauerin  - sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Agnes Bernauer in the catalog of the German National Library
• Agnes Bernauer Festival Straubing
• Agnes Bernauer Festival Vohburg
• Marita A. Panzer: Assassination of Agnes Bernauer . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
• Agnes Bernauer - bather's daughter, duchess, legend. Podcast of the radioWissen series . Bavaria 2, April 4, 2011 (MP3; 14.8 MB)

Remarks

1. ↑ On the origin of the Bernauerin:
   • Discussion on Kaspar Bernauer with Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 11–15.
   • For the Mardi Gras tournament, see the chronicle of Hektor Mülich 1348–1487 . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 3 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965, p. 70 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 13).
   • Claudia Märtl, Straubing , p. 154, citing the sparse evidence for an origin from Augsburg, suspects that Agnes attracted Albrecht's attention as a maid at the Munich court. Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 36–37 and p. 170, note 32, rejects this assumption.
2. ↑ ^{a b} On Agnes Bernauer in Munich:
   • Munich City Archives, Tax Office No. 584 , fol. 42 r (after Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 36–37).
   • City Archives Munich, Chamber Account City of Munich 1431/32 , fol. 50 v (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 13). See Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 38–39.
   • City Archives Munich, Chamber Account City of Munich 1431/32 , fol. 51 r (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 15). See Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 41.
3. ↑ ^{a b} deed of purchase from the parish of Aubing . In: Ernst Geiß: Contribution to the history of Agnes Bernauer . In: Upper Bavarian Archive . tape 7 , 1846, pp. 303–304 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 16). In addition Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 43–45, with reference to Johannes Erichsen: Outlines of Blutenburg history . In: Claus Grimm (Ed.): Blutenburg. Contributions to the history of Menzing Castle and Hofmark . House of Bavarian History, Munich 1983, p. 26th ff .
4. ↑ Gottfried Horchler argued against a marriage: Agnes Bernauer in history and poetry . 1st chapter. Attenkofer, Straubing 1883, p. 11-14 . Sigmund Riezler pleaded for a secret marriage, which was known only to a few initiated: Agnes Bernauerin and the Bavarian dukes . In: Meeting reports of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Historic class . Year 1885, p. 294-301 . The children of the two named Sibilla Neufarer and Albert vom Hof ​​again and again cannot come from Agnes Bernauer: Sibilla probably had Albrecht III. to his father, but married for the second time in 1444 and at this point already had a son, Albert vom Hof ​​was an illegitimate son of Albrecht IV , who was not born until 1447. See in detail Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 52–56.
5. ^ ^{A b} Andreas von Regensburg : Chronica de principibus terrae Bavarorum . In: Georg Leidinger (ed.): Complete works . Rieger, Munich 1903, p. 583-584 (written before 1444; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 55).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Chamber accounts for the events up to the wedding between Albrecht and Anna:
   • Chamber account City of Munich 1435/36, fol. 45 r; 1434/35 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 26).
   • Chamber bill for the city of Munich 1434/35 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer in the Spiegel der Quellen , p. 26).
   • Chamber account City of Munich 1435/36 , fol. 57 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 32, 40).
   • Chamber account City of Munich 1435/36 , fol. 59 v (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 44).
   • Chamber account City of Munich 1435/36 , fol. 49 v; Chamber account City of Munich 1436/37 , fol. 56 v (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 47–48).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Ducal documents from 1435:
   • Bavarian Main State Archives, Fürstensachen IV, fol. 213–214 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 24–25).
   • Princely matters IV, fol. 300–301 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 26–32). On this, Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 89–92.
   • Princely matters IV, fol. 307 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 32, 38).
8. ↑ ^{a b} Foundation documents of the Dukes Ernst and Albrecht:
   • Princely documents on the history of the city of Straubing. II. Part . In: Johannes Mondschein (Hrsg.): Negotiations of the Historical Association for Lower Bavaria . tape 39 , 1903, pp. 17–21 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 33–38).
   • Albrecht, pfallenzgrave bey Rein, duke in Bavaria: document dated January 21, 1447 . In: Fridolin Solleder (Ed.): Document book of the city of Straubing . Attenkofer, Straubing, S. 66–70 (1911–1918; after Alfons Huber: Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 48).
   • Princely documents on the history of the city of Straubing. II. Part . In: Johannes Mondschein (Hrsg.): Negotiations of the Historical Association for Lower Bavaria . tape 39 , 1903, pp. 24–27 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 44–46).
9. ^ Description and illustration of the tombstone by Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 118–121.
10. ↑ On the visitation of 1508: Paul Mai, Marianne Popp: The Regensburger visitation protocol from 1508 . In: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg . tape 18 , 1984, pp. 48 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 66–67). On the visitation of 1526: Paul Mai: The Regensburg visitation protocol of 1526 . In: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg . tape 21 , 1987, pp. 73 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 74).
11. ↑ On the reburial of the tombstone: Correspondence between Romayr and the Elector at Gottfried Horchler: Agnes Bernauer in history and poetry . 1st chapter. Attenkofer, Straubing 1883, p. 44-45 . To the grave not found: Franz Sebastian Meidinger: Historical description of the electoral prince. Capital and government cities in Niederbaiern, Landshut and Straubing . Hagen, Landshut 1787, p. 199 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 128, and Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 121–122).
12. ↑ To the chapel and its visitors:
    • The Agnes Bernauer Chapel in Straubing . In: Bayerische National-Zeitung . No. 96 , 1836, pp. 386 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 151–152).
    • HH: Inquiry regarding the relics of Agnes Bernauerin . In: Royal Bavarian Intelligence Journal . No. 24 , 1813, col. 194–198 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 139–140).
    • The diaries of Count August von Platen. Edited from the poet's handwriting . tape 2 . Cotta, Stuttgart 1896, p. 553 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 145–146).
    • James Robinson Planché: Descent of the Danube from Ratisbon to Vienna . Duncan, London 1828, p. 35-40 .
13. ↑ On the excavations in the Carmelite Monastery:
    • Anniversar register in the archive of the Carmelite monastery for 1447 , p. 29. In: Felix Joseph Lipowsky: Agnes Bernauerinn historically portrayed . Lentner, Munich 1801, p. 125 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 55).
    • Joseph Scherer: Concerning the relics of Agnes Bernauerin . In: Teutoburg. Journal for the history, purification and training of the German language . Volume 2, 1815, pp. 152 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 140).
    • Further assumptions about the location of the grave can be found in Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 122–126.
14. ↑ On Ludwig I and Agnes Bernauer:
    • The Agnes Bernauer Chapel in Straubing . In: Bavarian National Newspaper . No. 96 , 1836, pp. 386 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 151–152).
    • King Ludwig I of Bavaria: To Agnes Bernauerin . In: Alexander Schöppner (Ed.): Sagenbuch der Bayerischen Lande . II. Volume. Rieger, Munich 1874, p. 100 (first published 1852).
    • The Agnes Bernauer Chapel in Straubing in Lower Bavaria . In: Calendar for Catholic Christians to the year 1848 . Sulzbach 1848, p. 104–106 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 160–161).
    • On the current status of payments Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 116 with comments.
15. ↑ On women: Fürstensachen V, fol. 378–379 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 27–32). For discussion: Hans Pörnbacher (Ed.): Bayerische Bibliothek. Texts from twelve centuries . tape 1 . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1978, p. 436, 1074 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 22).
16. ^ ^{A b} Wolfgang Menzel: History of the Germans up to the newest days . Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1843, p. 540 (after Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 154–155). Without the reference to "wälsche Praxis": Wolfgang Menzel: History of the Germans up to the newest days . tape 2 . Kröner, Stuttgart 1872, p. 134 .
17. ^ To Heinrich: Fürstensachen IV, fol. 212, 307; VII, fol. 16 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 38–43). Seriously: Fürstensachen VII, fol. 14–15, 87–88 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer in the Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 40, 44).
18. ↑ On the events up to the meeting in Kelheim:
    • City Archives Munich, Chamber Account City of Munich 1433/34 , fol. 50 r (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 15). Interpretation according to Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 66–67. This is not the case with Claudia Märtl, Straubing , p. 156, who assumes an action against Agnes Bernauer.
    • City Archives Munich, Chamber Account City of Munich 1434/35 , fol. 47 r (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 21–22).
    • Chamber bill for the city of Munich 1434/35 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer in the Spiegel der Quellen , p. 26). On the possible participants Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 74.
    • In addition Sigmund Riezler: Agnes Bernauerin and the Bavarian dukes . In: Meeting reports of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Historic class . Year 1885, p. 315-318 . However, Riezler incorrectly assumed that Kelheim belonged to Heinrich's territory.
19. ^ Andreas von Regensburg: Chronica de principibus terrae Bavarorum . In: Georg Leidinger (ed.): Complete works . Rieger, Munich 1903, p. 582 (written before 1438, addition of 1469). More detailed and with the name of Carl Theodor Gemeiner's Regensburg Chronicle from 1821 (new edition in two volumes, Volume 3/4, CH Beck, Munich 1971, pp. 61–62; each after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 20, 58-59).
20. ↑ On Piccolomini's presentation:
    • In detail Enea Silvio de 'Piccolomini: De viris illustribus . In: Adrian van Heck (Ed.): Studi e Testi . No. 341 , 1991, pp. 105-106 (published 1456).
    • Knapper Asiae Europaeque elegantissima descriptio sub Frederico III . Paris 1534, p. 401–402 (published 1458; each after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 56–58).
    • To the "bath attendant" Claudia Märtl, Straubing , p. 153.
21. ^ Christian Friedrich Schönbein: people and things. Communications from the travel diary of a naturalist . Besser, Stuttgart / Hamburg 1855, p. 175 .
22. ↑ Testimonials from the chroniclers from Frank to Ebran von Wildenberg:
    • Johannes Frank: Augsburger Annalen 1430–1462 . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 5 . Hirzel, Leipzig 1896, p. 295 .
    • Chronicle of the founding of the city of Augsburg up to 1469 . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 4 . Göttingen / Zurich 1965, p. 322 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 60).
    • Ulrich Füetrer: Bavarian Chronicle . Munich 1909, p. 208 (written 1478–1481; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 61–62).
    • Hans Ebran von Wildenberg: Chronicle of the princes from Bavaria . Rieger, Munich 1905, p. 154–155 (written 1490–1493; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 62).
23. ↑ Testimonials from the chroniclers from Arnpeck to Mülich:
    • Veit Arnpeck: Chronicle of Bavaria . In: Georg Leidinger (Ed.): Complete Chronicles . Rieger, Munich 1915, p. 668–669 (written in 1493; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 63–64).
    • Farrago Historica Anonymi Ratisponensis . In: Andreas F. Oefele (Ed.): Scriptores Rerum Boicarum . Part 2. Adam & Veith, Augsburg 1763, p. 513 (translation in Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 64–65; online ).
    • Chronicle of Hektor Mülich 1348–1487 . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 3 . Hirzel, Leipzig 1892, p. 348 .
24. ↑ ^{a b} Testimonies of the chroniclers from Vitus to Trithemius:
    • Viti monachi monasterii Eberspergensis Chronicon Bavariae . In: Andreas F. Oefele (Ed.): Scriptores Rerum Boicarum . Part 2. Adam & Veith, Augsburg 1763, p. 729 (translation in Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 66; online ).
    • Angelus Rumpler: Calamitates Bavariae . In: Andreas F. Oefele (Ed.): Scriptores Rerum Boicarum . 1st chapter. Adam & Veith, Augsburg 1763, p. 106 (translation in Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 66; online ).
    • Ladislaus Sunthemius: Familia Ducum Bavariae . In: Andreas F. Oefele (Ed.): Scriptores Rerum Boicarum . Part 2. Adam & Veith, Augsburg 1763, p. 570 (written around 1510; translation in Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 68; online ).
    • Johannes Trithemius: Annales Hirsaugienses . Part 2. Schlegel, St. Gallen 1690, p. 392–393 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 70).
25. ^ Konrad Peutinger: Chronica of many well-known stories . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 3 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965, p. 349 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 72).
26. ↑ Sigmund Riezler (Ed.): Johannes Turmair's, called Aventinus Annales ducum Boiariae . tape 2 . Kaiser, Munich 1884, p. 515–516 (translation after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 74; online ).
27. ↑ Clemens Sender: Chronicle of the oldest times in the city up to 1536 . In: The chronicles of the Swabian cities. Augsburg . tape 4 . Hirzel, Leipzig 1894, p. 35 .
28. ↑ Hieronymus Ziegler: Illustrium Germaniae Virorum Historiae aliquot singulares . Ingolstadt 1562, p. 86–87 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 77).
29. ↑ Testimonials from the chroniclers from Hochwart to Sigersreiter:
    • Laurentius Hochwart: De episcopis Ratisponensibus . Regensburg (1539/1569; Clm 1299, 1300, 1842; Andreas F. Oefele: Scriptores Rerum Boicarum , Part 1, Augsburg 1763, p. 220; translation in Alfons Huber: Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 78; online ).
    • Achilles Pirmin Gasser: Annales civitatis ac rei publicae Augstburgensis . In: Johann Burkhard Mencke (Ed.): Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum . tape 1 . Martini, Leipzig 1728, Sp. 1589 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 80).
    • Genealogia Ducum Bavariae . In: Felix Joseph Lipowsky: Agnes Bernauerinn historically portrayed . Munich 1801, p. 75, 103, 116 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 80).
    • Georg Sigersreiter: Antiquitates Straubingenses . In: Negotiations of the Historical Association for Lower Bavaria . tape 24 , 1886, p. 269–299 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 81–82).
30. ↑ Johann Ludwig Gottfried: Historical Chronica or description of the most fearful stories . Merian, Frankfurt am Main 1657, p. 663 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 84–85).
31. ↑ Johannes Vervaux: Annales Boicae gentis . Part 2, book 7. Munich 1662, p. 164–165 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 86–89).
32. ↑ Eugen Waldner: An Upper Bavarian Mastersinger . In: Journal for German antiquity and German literature . tape 36 , 1892, p. 94-95 . Alfons Huber: A hitherto unknown master song, the oldest comprehensible literary treatment of the oxygen in amber. For the 550th annual memory . In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area . tape 86 , 1984, pp. 453-466 .
33. ^ Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau: Love between Hertzog Ungenand and Agnes Bernin . In: Heroes' Letters . Fellgiebel, Leipzig / Breslau 1680 (written 1663; online ). In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 106–114.
34. ^ Paul von Stetten: Siegfried and Agnes. A knight's story . Darmstadt 1767.
35. ^ Digital copies at Austrian Literature Online .
36. ↑ On Toerrings Agnes Bernauerin :
    • Joseph August von Toerring: Agnes Bernauerinn. A patriotic tragedy . Munich 1780 ( online ).
    • With contemporary copperplate engravings: Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 115–122.
    • Regarding the performance ban: Katharina Meinel: Fürst und Vaterland. Concept and history of the Munich National Theater in the late 18th century . Utz, Munich 2003, p. 257 ff .
37. ↑ Otto Brahm: The German knight drama of the eighteenth century . In: Sources and research on the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic peoples . tape 40 , 1880, p. 37-68 .
38. ↑ On the processing of the Bern oxygen according to Toerring:
    • Friedels Agnès Bernau : Nouveau Théâtre Allemand . tape 4 . Paris 1782.
    • Review of Dubuisson's Albert et Émilie : Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique . tape 3 , 1813, pp. 200–201 (as of May 1785).
    • Reviews on Milcent's Agnès Bernau : Mercure de France , July 2, 1785, pp. 82–88; Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique , Volume 3, 1813, pp. 263-264 (July 1785); L'Année littéraire , Volume 8, 1786, pp. 320-327.
    • Too strong: Louis Charles Baker: The German Drama in English on the New York Stage to 1830 . In: German American Annals . tape 17 , 1915, pp. 99-104 .
    • Carl Theodor von Traitteur-Luzberg (text), Georg Joseph Vogler (music): Albert the Third of Bavaria. Singspiel in five acts . Munich 1781.
    • Franz Gleißner: Agnes Bernauerin. Melodrama . Munich 1790.
    • Carl Ludwig Giesecke (text), Ignaz von Seyfried (music): Agnes Bernauerin. A burlesque with singing in three acts, travested in German Knittelverse . Binzi, Vienna 1798. Also with excerpts Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 122–126.
    • Joseph Anton von Destouches: The Revenge of Albert III. Duke in Bavaria. A counterpart to Agnes Bernauerin in five acts . Bolling, Augsburg 1804.
    • Tobias Frech von Ehrimfeld: Albrecht's revenge for Agnes. A historical spectacle in four acts. Continuation of Agnes Bernauer. According to Babo . Wallishausser, Vienna 1808.
39. ↑ Statements by historians from Ertl to Schwarz:
    • Anton Wilhelm Ertl: Relationes Curiosae Bavaricae. That is great memorabilia of the Chur-Duchy of Bayrn . Augsburg 1715, p. 57–58 (first published 1685; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 89–90).
    • Heinrich Anselm von Ziegler and Kliphausen: Historical Labyrinth of Time . Gleditsch, Leipzig 1731, p. 1205 (first published 1701/1718; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 92–93).
    • Ignatius Schwarz: Effigies Historiae Bavariae . Zipper, Ingolstadt 1731, p. 42–43 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 94–95).
40. ↑ Statements by historians from the history of the state to Stadler:
    • State history of the Churhaus Baiern . Frankfurt / Leipzig 1743, pp. 171 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 100).
    • Joseph Barre: General History of Germany . tape 5 . Arkstee and Merkus, Leipzig 1751, p. 239–240 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 103–104).
    • Daniel Stadler: Bavarian story written for easy use and placed at the table . Vötter, Munich 1759, p. 289–290 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 107–108).
41. ↑ Johann Heinrich von Falckenstein: Complete stories of the old, middle and modern times of the great duchy and former kingdom of Bavaria . 3rd part. Crätz, Munich a. a. 1763, p. 457–463 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 108–116).
42. ↑ Statements by the historians from Westenrieder to the True Overview :
    • Lorenz von Westenrieder: History of Bavaria for the youth and the people . 2nd volume, 4th part. Strobl, Munich 1785, p. 497–500 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 119–120).
    • Lorenz von Westenrieder: History of Bavaria for the use of the common citizen and the civil schools . Strobl, Munich 1786, p. 381–383 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 124–126; quoted from p. 124).
    • Lorenz von Westenrieder: Outline of the Bavarian history. A reading and textbook . Lindauer, Munich 1798, p. 418 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 132).
    • Abraham Wolfgang Küfner: Almanac to the year 1788 . Nuremberg 1788, p. 33 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 128–130). Engravings from it in Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 119–121.
    • Georg Veesenmeyer (?): True overview of the history of the Bavarian nation or the awakening of the nations after a millennium . Strasbourg 1800, p. 38–39 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 133–134).
43. ^ Felix Joseph Lipowsky: Agnes Bernauerinn historically portrayed . Lentner, Munich 1801. In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , p. 12; with excerpts Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 8, 47, 60–61, 69, 80–82, 104–105.
44. ↑ Literary arrangements from Kluehne to Serle / Macfarren:
    • Carl Kluehne (editor): Agnes Bernauerin. Tragedy in five acts . Fabricius, Cologne 1810.
    • Carl Maria von Weber: Agnes Bernauerin. Romantic, patriotic tone play . In: Tonkunstler's life . ( online - after 1809).
    • Henri Verdier de Lacoste: La Fille du Baigneur d'Augsbourg, ou l'honneur, l'amour et la féodalité. Imité librement de l'allemand . Paris 1818.
    • Julius Körner: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy in five acts . Hartmann, Leipzig 1821.
    • David Hermann Schiff: Agnes Bernauerin. A dialogized historical novella in three acts . Association bookstore, Berlin 1831.
    • August Lewald (text), Karl August Krebs (music): Agnes Bernauer [Duke Albrecht]. Great opera in four acts . Schuberth, Dresden 1834 (first performed in Hamburg 1833; reworked in 1858 as Agnes, the angel of Augsburg ).
    • Giovanni Emanuele Bidera (text), Giuseppe Lillo (music): Odda di Bernaver. Melodramma in due atti . Napoli 1837. Performance in Naples after Francesco Florimo: La scuola musicale di Napoli ei suoi conservatorii . tape 4 . Morano, Naples 1881, p. 306 . Performance in Milan after Pompeo Cambiasi: Teatro alla Scala 1778–1881 . Ricordi, Milan a. a. 1881, p. 48 .
    • Thomas J. Serle (text), George Macfarren (music): Agnes Bernauer, the Maid of Augsburg . London 1839.
45. ↑ Literary adaptations from Lohmann to Ludwig:
    • Friederike Lohmann: The swallows . In: Paperback for the year 1831. Dedicated to love and friendship . Friedrich Wilmans , Frankfurt am Main 1830.
    • August Werg: The Angel of Augsburg. A historical-romantic story from the first half of the 15th century . Lüderitz, Berlin 1837.
    • Adalbert Müller: Agnes Bernauer. Three poems . In: sagas and legends of Bavaria . Reitmayr, Regensburg 1833, p. 55-74 .
    • Martin Sieghart: Agnes Bernauer. Ballad based on the folk tale . In: History and description of the capital Straubing in the Lower Danube district of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Part 1. Lerno, Straubing 1833.
    • Ludwig Braunfels: Agnes. Tragedy . Frankfurt 1841.
    • Franz Krutter: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy in five acts . Solothurn (1843/1849; published from the estate in 1908).
    • Jules-Édouard Alboize de Pujol, Paul-Henri Foucher: Agnès Bernau. Drame en cinq actes et six tableaux . Paris 1845.
    • Adolf Böttger: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy in five acts . Grosse, Leipzig 1845.
    • Franz Cornelius Honcamp: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy . In: Dramatic Poems . Naße, Soest 1847.
    • Otto Ludwig: The Angel of Augsburg . Dresden / Eisfeld / Leipzig (1837–1864; several fragmentary arrangements, 1961–1969 edited by Waltraut Leuschner-Meschke). In addition, among others, Hans-Peter Rüsing: Otto Ludwigs Agnes-Bernauer-Frage. On the crisis of drama in bourgeois realism . Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1994.
46. ^ Friedrich Hebbel: Agnes Bernauer. A German tragedy in five acts . Tendler, Vienna 1855 (first performance Munich 1852; online ). In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 130–140; Materials and interpretative approaches, among others, from Hermann Glaser (Ed.): Agnes Bernauer. Poetry and Reality . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1964.
47. ↑ Literary adaptations from Hebbel to Stern:
    • Herwegh's Hebbel criticism quoted from Werner Schäfer and Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , p. 134.
    • Melchior Meyr: Agnes Bernauerin. Tragedy . Gubitz, Berlin 1852 (revised as Duke Albrecht in 1862. Dramatic poetry ).
    • Leo Goldammer: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy in five acts . Schiementz, Berlin 1862.
    • Hermann Eduard Jahn: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy in five acts . Meyer, Rostock 1881.
    • Emanuel Hiel: Agnès Bernauer de engel van Augsburg. Lyric monodrama . Siffer, Gent 1889.
    • Arnold Ott: Agnes Bernauer. Historical folk drama in five acts . Bonz, Stuttgart 1889.
    • Friedrich Wilhelm Bruckbräu: Agnes Bernauer, the angel of Augsburg. Historical-romantic painting of the times and customs from the fifteenth century . Fleischmann, Munich 1854.
    • Emil Seippel: Angel Agnes. A song of love. Poems . Langewiesche, Barmen 1851.
    • Adolf Stern: The Miss of Augsburg. A story from the 17th century. Novella . Weber, Leipzig 1868.
48. ^ Statements by historians from Zschokke to Buchner:
    • Heinrich Zschokke: The Bavarian stories third and fourth book . Sauerländer, Aarau 1821, p. 357–364 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 142–144).
    • Konrad Mannert: The history of Bavaria from the sources . tape 1 . Hahn, Leipzig 1826, p. 470–472 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 146–147).
    • Andreas Buchner: History of Baiern . tape 5 . Lindauer, Munich 1831, p. 285–288 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 149).
49. ↑ Statements by historians from Hormayr to Meyer:
    • Joseph von Hormayr: Paperback for patriotic history . 19th year, 1848, p. 7 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 159–160).
    • Joseph Heinrich Wolf: The Wittelsbach House. Bavaria's history . Nuremberg 1845, p. 253–254 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 155–156).
    • Johann Michael Söltl: The Wittelsbachers with their contemporaries in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Seidel, Sulzbach 1850, p. 93 .
    • Franz Maria Brug: Family Wars of the Wittelsbacher . Schmid, Augsburg 1856, p. 96–97 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 162).
    • Johann Sporschil: The History of the Germans . tape 2 . Manz, Regensburg 1859, p. 688–691 (first published in 1850; after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 162–165).
    • Ernst Förster: Monuments of German architecture, sculpture and painting . tape 5 . Weigel, Leipzig 1859, p. 1-4 .
    • Christian Meyer: Gallery of historical stories. Agnes Bernauer . In: The Gazebo. Illustrated family sheet . No. 28 , 1873, p. 454 ff . (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 170).
50. ↑ On Horchler and Riezler:
    • Gottfried Horchler: Agnes Bernauer in history and poetry . Attenkofer, Straubing (1883-1884).
    • Sigmund Riezler: Agnes Bernauerin and the Bavarian dukes . In: Meeting reports of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Historic class . Year 1885, p. 285-354 , especially 285-286 .
    • In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , p. 12.
51. ^ Statements by historians from Schreiber to Meyer:
    • Wilhelm Schreiber: History of Bavaria in connection with German history . tape 1 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1889, p. 353–355 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , pp. 174–176).
    • Mathieu Schwann: Illustrated history of Bavaria . tape 2 . South German Publishing Institute, Stuttgart 1891, p. 532 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 178).
    • Christian Meyer: Agnes Bernauer in the light of the latest historical research . In: Westermanns illustrated German monthly issues . tape 98 , 1905, pp. 818–824 (after Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer im Spiegel der Quellen , p. 180). On this, Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 13.
52. ↑ On Martin Greif and the arrangements of his piece:
    • Martin Greif: Agnes Bernauer, the angel of Augsburg. Patriotic tragedy . Amelang, Leipzig 1894. On this very critical Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 140–147.
    • Franz Kölmel, Toni Peter: Agnes Bernauer. A romantic folk piece. After Martin Greif . Volksschauspiele Ötigheim, Ötigheim 1973.
    • Lenz Prütting: Agnes Bernauer. History game in thirteen pictures based on Martin Greif . Vohburg 2001.
    • Isabella Kreim: Agnes Bernauer. History game in thirteen pictures based on Martin Greif . Vohburg 2009.
    • On the Vohburg Agnes Bernauer Festival Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 145–148; Josef Steinberger and others, The Agnes-Bernauer-Festspiele Vohburg ( online ) has a tradition of more than 100 years .
53. ↑ On Eugen Hubrich:
    • Eugen Hubrich: The Agnes Bernauerin to Straubing. Outdoor play . Straubing 1935 (revised in 1952 and 1954 by the author, 1968 by Lutz Burgmayer, 1976 by Klaus Schlette and 1984 by Hans Vicari).
    • Hubrich's defense for the court proceedings in 1947 and his article Agnes Bernauer - from a volkisch view of July 20, 1935, quoted from Werner Schäfer: Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. The festival - the festival association . Straubing 2003, p. 77, 109 .
    • Detailed information on the genesis, performance and content of Agnes Bernauerin zu Straubing Michaela Goos: The Agnes Bernauer Festival in Straubing . Munich 1994, p. 7–74 (master's thesis).
54. ↑ Carl Orff: The Bernauerin. A Bavarian piece. Musical folk drama . Mainz 1946. In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 155–165; Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , pp. 152–153.
55. ↑ On the history of the Agnes Bernauer Festival in Straubing in general and the search for a new play in the 1990s in particular Werner Schäfer: Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. The festival - the festival association . Straubing 2003. To the Straubing pieces of the last years:
    • Johannes Reitmeier, Thomas Stammberger: Agnes Bernauer. A history game in fifteen pictures . Agnes-Bernauer-Festspielverein, Straubing 1995 (partially revised by Johannes Reitmeier for the 2003 and 2007 festivals).
    • Johannes Reitmeier: Agnes Bernauer. Historical drama in twelve pictures . Straubing 2011.
    • Monika Schneider-Stranninger: Only the outcome of the story is the same. A look into the crystal ball: The Agnes Bernauer Festival year 2019 is already present . In: Straubinger Tagblatt . December 30, 2017, p. 37 ( online ).
56. ↑ Further adaptations of the amber oxygen in the 20th century:
    • Alfred Putzel: Albrecht. Drama in five acts . Kastner & Callwey, Munich 1904.
    • Katharina Rademacher: Agnes Bernauer, the angel of Augsburg. A tragedy . Kösel, Kempten / Munich 1906.
    • Franz Servaes: Agnes and Albrecht. A love drama from the old days . German-Austrian publishing house, Vienna 1918.
    • Rosmarie Menschick: From a lovely women life and death. An Agnes Bernauer game . Schöningh, Paderborn 1929.
    • Eduard Reinacher: Agnes Bernauer. Tragedy . Richelberg 1935 (edited in 1962 by Wilhelm Speidel as Agnes Bernauer. Dramatic legend ).
    • Franz Xaver Kroetz, Hans Dieter Schwarze: Agnes Bernauer. A bourgeois drama in five acts . Henschel, Berlin 1976.
    • Agnes Miegel: Agnes Bernauerin . In: Poems . Cotta, Stuttgart 1901.
    • Bernard Zimmer (book), Raymond Bernard (director): Le Jugement de Dieu . France 1952.
    • Jacques Prévert, France Roche (book), Michel Boisrond (director): Les amours célèbres . France 1961.
57. ↑ Novels and short stories of the 20th century:
    • Arthur Achleitner: The Angel of Augsburg . In: Bavaria as it was and is . tape 2 . Lehmann, Zweibrücken 1900, p. 5-75 .
    • Karl Allmendinger (as Felix Nabor): The Angel of Augsburg. Story from Bavaria's past . St. Josef Book Brotherhood, Klagenfurt 1931 (first published 1911).
    • Julius Bernburg: Agnes Bernauer, the victim of true love. Novel . Central German publishing house, Heidenau-Nord 1924.
    • Paul Timpe (as Paul Hain): The Angel of Augsburg. Duke Albrecht and Agnes Bernauer. Novel . Rothbarth, Leipzig 1935.
    • Albert Liebold: The Angel of Augsburg. Novel . Grunow, Leipzig 1936. Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer , p. 144.
    • Hans Karl Meixner: Agnes Bernauer. A life full of love and suffering. Novel . Ensslin & Laiblin, Reutlingen 1937. In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 150–154.
    • Manfred Böckl: Agnes Bernauer. Witch, whore, duchess. Novel . Neue-Presse-Verlag, Passau 1993. In addition Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - Poetry - Picture , pp. 166–172.
    • Richard Wunderer: Agnes Bernauer and her Duke. Novel . Rosenheimer, Rosenheim 1999.
58. ↑ Secondary literature from Otto Brahm to Albert Geßler:
    • Otto Brahm: The German knight drama of the eighteenth century . In: Sources and research on the language and cultural history of the Germanic peoples . tape 40 , 1880, p. 37-68, 123-126 .
    • Julius Petri: The Agnes Bernauer story in German drama. With special consideration of Otto Ludwig's handwritten estate . Ullstein, Berlin 1892.
    • Julius Sahr: On Martin Greif's drama "Agnes Bernauer" . In: Journal for German Education . 13th year, 1899, p. 478-510 .
    • Julius Sahr: About Hebbels and Greif's “Agnes Bernauer”. At the same time a defense . In: Journal for Aesthetics and General Art History . tape 6 , 1911, pp. 278-284 .
    • Albert Geßler: On the dramaturgy of the amber oxygen. Old and new . Basel 1906 (high school program).
    • August Prehn: Agnes Bernauer in German poetry . Nordhausen 1907 (high school program).
    • Albert Geßler: Franz Krutters Bernauerdrama . In: Festschrift for the 49th Assembly of German Philologists and School Men . Birkhäuser, Basel 1907, p. 473-490 .
59. ↑ Secondary literature on Friedrich Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer :
    • Elise Dosenheimer: Friedrich Hebbel's view of the state and his tragedy “Agnes Bernauer” . Hässerl, Leipzig 1912.
    • Karl Schultze-Jahde: ​​Motive analysis of Hebbel's "Agnes Bernauer" . Mayer & Müller, Leipzig 1925.
    • Karl Schramm: Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer on the German stage . Dissertation, Cologne 1933.
    • Richard Stecher: Explanations of Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer . Beyer, Leipzig 1906 ( King's Explanations , Volume 123).
    • Konrad Kupfer : Explanations on Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer . Schöningh, Paderborn 1929 ( Schöningh's Explanatory Notes , Volume 33).
    • Karl Brinkmann: Explanations on Hebbel's Agnes Bernauer . C. Bange, Hollfeld 1958 ( King's Explanations , Volume 123).
    • Hermann Glaser (Ed.): Friedrich Hebbel. Agnes Bernauer. Poetry and Reality . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1964.
    • Karl Pörnbacher (Ed.): Friedrich Hebbel. Agnes Bernauer. Explanations and documents . Reclam, Stuttgart 1974.
    • Christa Tuczay: Hebbels Agnes Bernauer - Reception of the witch theme . In: Ida Koller-Andorf (Ed.): To new humanity . Weidler, Berlin 2004, p. 71-86 .
    • Monika Schattenhofer: "shyly lower the filing pen". The world premiere of Friedrich Hebbel's “Agnes Bernauer” turned into a scandal . Bayerischer Rundfunk, Munich 2002.
60. ↑ Newer literature on Agnes Bernauer and her reception:
    • Karl Pörnbacher: Agnes Bernauer. Literature and reality . In: Hebbel-Jahrbuch 1976 . Boyens, Heide 1976, p. 107-123 .
    • Dietz-Rüdiger Moser: Love, Suffering and Death of the Bavarian Antigone . In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area . tape 86 , 1984, pp. 441-452 (published 1985).
    • Karin Springer: Historia and Narratio. A study of the literary processing of the Agnes Bernauer material . Munich 1993 (Master's thesis).
    • Eberhard Dünninger: Agnes Bernauer in literature . In: Between the Sciences. Contributions to German literary history . Pustet, Regensburg 1994, ISBN 3-7917-1377-9 , pp. 376-388 .
    • Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer. History - poetry - picture ; Werner Schäfer, Agnes Bernauer and their time .
    • Herbert Rosendorfer: About the historical Bernauerin . In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area . tape 95 , 1993, pp. 427-434 .
    • Claudia Märtl, Straubing . On the question of the origin of the Bernauerin cf. the section life .
61. ↑ Works on the Straubing Agnes Bernauer Festival:
    • Georg Käser: Agnes Bernauer. Change of shape from the historical personality to the folk song to the popular drama of our day . Munich 1954 (admission work).
    • Birgit Floßmann: The Agnes-Bernauer-Festival in Straubing with special consideration of the games of 1976 . Straubing 1978 (admission work of a former Agnes actress).
    • Tatjana Paukner: The development of the Agnes Bernauer game in Straubing in the 20th century . Regensburg 1995 (admission thesis).
    • Michaela Goos: The Agnes Bernauer Festival in Straubing . Munich 1994 (Master's thesis).
    • Susanne Schemschies: agnes b. The Agnes Bernauer Festival in Straubing in the field of tension between historical play and modern marketing . Regensburg 1997 (Master's thesis).
    • Stephanie Schmid: Straubing and Agnes Bernauer. How a region deals with its cult figure . Regensburg 2005 (diploma thesis).
62. ↑ Books published on the occasion of the Straubing Agnes Bernauer Festival:
    • Alfons Huber, Agnes Bernauer in the mirror of the sources . Werner Schäfer: Thoughts on the "story about the Pernawerin". Notes on Alfons Huber's source and reading book . In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area . tape 101 , 1999, pp. 343-354 .
    • Werner Schäfer, Hubert Fischer: Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. The festival - the festival association . Attenkofer, Straubing 2003.
    • Marita Panzer, Agnes Bernauer . Werner Schäfer: Panzer, Marita A .: Agnes Bernauer. The murdered 'Duchess' . In: Annual report of the historical association for Straubing and the surrounding area . tape 108 , 2006, pp. 445-451 .
    • Ulli Scharrer: Agnes Bernauer Festival. On, behind and around the stage . Attenkofer, Straubing 2007.
    • Dorit-Maria Krenn, Werner Schäfer: Who was Agnes Bernauer? Attenkofer, Straubing 2015, ISBN 978-3-942742-49-8 .
63. ^ Harald Bosch: Trains with names .

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