Emanuel Schikaneder

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Emanuel Schikaneder.
Schikaneder birthplace
Schikaneder as Papageno. Title page of the first edition of the Magic Flute libretto, 1791
Schikaneders residence (Lehár-Schikaneder-Schlössl)

Emanuel Schikaneder , also Emanuel Schickaneder , actually Johann Joseph Schickeneder , (born  September 1, 1751 in Straubing , † September 21, 1812 in Vienna ) was an actor , singer , director , poet and theater director. As a versatile talent, he wrote more than 100 plays and libretti and also composed his own operas.

Life

Schikaneder grew up as a half-orphan in Regensburg . His parents, living in poor conditions, moved their residence from Straubing to Regensburg in 1755. After his father's death, his mother Juliana Schiessl ran a small shop near the cathedral where she sold devotional items and her son had to earn money playing the violin at an early age. He attended the Jesuit grammar school St. Paul , received musical lessons from the cathedral music director Johann Josef Michl and was a member of the Regensburger Domspatzen .

At the age of 22 he joined a theatrical traveling troupe in Augsburg in 1773 , the Moser Theater Company . A guest performance of his troupe took him to Salzburg in 1780 , where he befriended Leopold Mozart and thus also made the acquaintance of his son Wolfgang . He quickly developed such talent both as an actor and as a lyricist that the public in big cities became aware of him.

Schikaneder was also director of the Augsburg Theater several times .

On February 9, 1777, he married Eleonore Schikaneder (nee Maria Magdalena Arth ) in Augsburg Cathedral.

In Vienna he played from 1785 in the Kärntnertortheater and at the same time at the then Burgtheater . Emperor Joseph II forbade him to build a theater on the glacis in front of the Kärntnertor. That is why he went to Regensburg for two years with his theater troupe in 1787 as director of the imperial city theater in the Ballhaus on the Aegidienplatz. During this time he also decided to perform an open-air production on the Danube island of Oberer Wöhrd, which is lined with many large trees . The play “Dollinger und Krako”, which he wrote, was presented with a realistic tournament fight and a ride by the winner Dollinger in a triumphal chariot with the emperor, accompanied by minstrels, armored knights and janissary music. The performance was attended by 3,000 spectators and generated high revenues of 1500 guilders

In 1789 Schikaneder returned to Vienna, where the Freihausheater , a theater in what was then the largest apartment block in Vienna, the Freihaus auf der Wieden , had been built in 1787 at the request of theater director Christian Roßbach . This theater was opened on July 12, 1789 with the play Der stupme Anton im Gebirge , written by Schikaneder . On September 30, 1791, the premiere of the opera Die Zauberflöte took place there, for which Schikaneder had written the libretto , with the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Schikaneder himself played the bird catcher Papageno, a character in the tradition of the old Viennese folk theater . The success brought such huge income that Schikaneder, with the help of the businessman Bartholomäus Zitterbarth , was able to build a new theater on the other side of the Wien River, the Theater an der Wien . The old theater on the Wieden was therefore closed in 1801 and converted into rental apartments.

The Theater an der Wien was also opened on June 13, 1801 with a Schikaneder opera, namely Alexander (music by Franz Teyber ). Schikaneder relied on elaborate decorations, effects and a lot of pomp for its performances. Around January 1803 he brought Ludwig van Beethoven into his theater, who, together with his brother Kaspar Karl, also moved into an official apartment there. Beethoven was originally supposed to set Schikaneder's libretto Vestas Feuer to music, but finally decided on a different libretto, which became the opera Fidelio .

Schikaneder managed the theater until 1804. From 1802 until his death in 1812, Schikaneder owned the baroque palace in Nussdorf, now known as the Lehár-Schikaneder-Schlössl . After 1804 he went to Brno and Steyr . As a result of the war-related devaluation of money in 1811, he lost his last fortune and died mentally confused in Vienna- Alsergrund .

Honors and effects

In 1861 the Schikanedergasse in Vienna- Wieden (4th district) was named after him. In Regensburg, too, a street is named after him. Like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Leopold Mozart and Carl Giesecke , Schikaneder was a Freemason . He was accepted in the Regensburg Freemason Lodge Carl to the three keys . His application for admission dated July 14, 1788 has been received and is in the German Freemason Museum in Bayreuth.

factories

He wrote 55 plays and 44 books for operas and singspiele, including The Philosopher's Stone (1790) and The Magic Flute, second part. The labyrinth (1798).

Newer editions

  • The Magic Flute, part two under the title: The Labyrinth or the Struggle with the Elements . (Text book of the opera by Peter von Winter ) ed. by Manuela Jahrmärker and Till Gerrit Waidelich, Tutzing 1992, ISBN 3-7952-0694-4
  • Schikaneder's heroic-comic opera The Philosopher's Stone - model for Mozart's Magic Flute. Critical edition of the text book , ed. [...] by David Buch and Manuela Jahrmärker ( Hainholz Musikwissenschaft , Vol. 5), Göttingen 2002. 119 pp.
  • Emanuel Schikaneder: Regensburger Schauspiele (content: The Grandprofos; Hanns Dollinger or The Secret Blood Court and The Regensburger Schif as well as an extensive afterword on today's interpretation of Schikaneder's texts). Edited by Michael Kohlhäufl; Sergej Liamin; Stefan Lindinger; Michaela Schiessl, Susanne Roderer 2009, 344 pages, ISBN 978-3-89783-662-4

reception

Pierre Santini played the role of Schikaneder in Marcel Bluwal's 1982 five-part TV series Mozart . In Miloš Forman's film Amadeus from 1984, Schikaneder, played by Simon Callow , is one of the supporting characters. A year later Uwe Ochsenknecht played Schikaneder in Forget Mozart .

The film Sommer der Jaukler by Bavarian director Marcus Rosenmüller , produced in 2011 , is all about Schikaneder, in particular his trip to Salzburg in 1780 and his encounter with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Schikaneder is played here by Max von Thun .

On September 30, 2016, the premiere of the musical Schikaneder, composed by Stephen Schwartz , about Emanuel Schikaneder and his wife Eleonore, took place in the Raimund Theater in Vienna . The book for the musical comes from Christian Struppeck, the artistic director of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien .

literature

Documentation

Radio reports and podcast

Mozart & Schikaneder A victorious double ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). A podcast contribution by the radio station Bayern 2 from the series Bayerisches Feuilleton: from September 15, 2012 on the homepage of the station Bayern 2

Web links

Wikiquote: Emanuel Schikaneder  - Quotes
Commons : Emanuel Schikaneder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Emanuel Schikaneder  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Regensburg, Bischöfliches Zentralarchiv, Matrikel Straubing, Vol. 7, p. 426 No. 183
  2. ↑ Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs : The second father of the magic flute. In: der-theaterverlag.de. Retrieved September 1, 2021 .
  3. ^ A b Karl Bauer: Regensburg art, culture and everyday history . MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 332 f., 456 .
  4. ↑ Anke Sonnek: Emanuel Schikaneder. Theater principal, actor and playwright , series of the Intern. Mozarteum Foundation, Vol. 11, Kassel 1999, ISBN 3-7618-1461-5 ( review ).
  5. ↑ From Komödienstadel am Lauterlech to the rebuilt city theater In: Adressbuch der Stadt Augsburg 1971 , 86th edition, Augsburger Adreßbuchverlag Konrad Arnold, p. 23
  6. ^ Eleonore Arth in the Google book search
  7. ^ Matthias Freitag: Regensburg street names . Mittelbayerische Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-931904-05-9 , p. 115 .
  8. ^ William R. Denslow, Harry S. Truman : 10,000 Famous Freemasons from K to Z, Part Two . Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 1-4179-7579-2 .
  9. ^ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder : Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon . Herbig Verlag, 5th edition, ISBN 978-3-7766-2478-6
  10. ↑ diepresse.at - "The Magic Flute" briefly sweeps away the musical . Article dated October 1, 2016, accessed October 23, 2016.
  11. ↑ orf.at - "Worldwide interest" for Schikaneder musical . Article dated May 11, 2016, accessed May 12, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Schikaneder, Emanuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schickeneder, Johann Joseph (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Actor, singer, director, poet and theater director
BIRTH DATE September 1, 1751
PLACE OF BIRTH Straubing
DATE OF DEATH September 21, 1812
PLACE OF DEATH Vienna