Freihaus on the Wieden

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"Freihaus am Naschmarkt", Carl Pippich (1916)
"The old Freihaus (around 1900) and the new streets"
The Freihaus today ( TU Wien building )

The Freihaus auf der Wieden was an exceptionally large residential complex in the Vienna suburb of Wieden , since 1850 in the 4th district of Vienna. It was demolished until 1937. The name Freihaus was adopted for a building belonging to the Vienna University of Technology , which was built in the 1970s on part of the old Freihaus site.

history

The Freihaus was built in the 17th century and was so named because ownership of the building was associated with tax-free privileges and its own jurisdiction. Conrad Balthasar Reichsgraf von Starhemberg , father of the head of defense in the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683, Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg , and Field Marshal Maximilian Lorenz von Starhemberg , received the core area of ​​the later Freihausgrund from Emperor Ferdinand III in 1643 . , the sovereign of Austria under the Enns , as a fiefdom and acquired it from the monarch in 1647 as full property with a license, which secured him and his descendants tax exemption and the owner's own jurisdiction over all residents of the building complex. The count made the freehold Conradswörth (Wörth = island; parts of the area were on a Vienna river island ) in his will in 1686 a majorate of his family; the oldest son always had the inheritance to take over.

In 1657 the old building on the ground burned down. Count Starhemberg had the Freihaus built in 1660 (first documented under this name in 1703) with the Rosalienkapelle (the size of a village church) and gradually expanded the area; The acquisitions were not completed until 1665. During the second Turkish siege, the buildings were demolished in 1683 so as not to provide cover for the attackers. The new building took place in 1684 and burned down in 1759. The new building until 1769 comprised apartments for up to 1,000 residents (the largest apartment building in the city and its suburbs), markets, workshops, as well as a wine tavern, an orchard and a horse stable; In 1785 the storeys were increased, and then further wings were built. The building complex also contained the Freihaus theater , where Mozart's opera Die Zauberflöte was premiered in 1791 .

In 1858 there were considerations to demolish parts of the building complex in the course of the construction of the Vienna Ringstrasse and the surrounding blocks of houses. In 1872, Camillo Heinrich von Starhemberg sold the area to a bank. The planned demolition of the buildings became obsolete after the stock market crash in 1873. The Rosalienkapelle was desecrated in 1872.

At the beginning of the 20th century it became clear that the complex with its substandard apartments was in the way of the modern urban structure. In 1913, the municipal council decided on a building line plan for this part of the 4th district, which provided for several public traffic areas on the Freihausareal (e.g. the extension of Operngasse to Margaretenstraße), and also determined the street names. The demolition of the Freihaus, which began immediately, was delayed by the First World War and the subsequent economic crises. It was not until 1935–1937 that most of the area was completely cleared; Remnants of the old buildings continued to exist. After these were badly damaged by bombs in World War II, the remaining buildings were demolished in 1968–1970.

Today the institute building of the Vienna University of Technology built in the 1970s on the part of the former Freihaus area between Operngasse and Wiedner Hauptstrasse is called Freihaus , the adjoining Grätzl up to the Naschmarkt is called the Freihausviertel .

Freihaustheater

In 1787 a theater was built in the Freihaus , which was called the Freihausheater or officially Theater auf der Wieden . In 1789 Emanuel Schikaneder took over the management. On September 30, 1791, Mozart's opera The Magic Flute and later Peter von Winter's opera The Magic Flute, second part, premiered here. The last performance took place in the Freihaustheater on June 11, 1801. After that, the theater business moved to the nearby Theater an der Wien, which still exists today . The Freihaustheater was converted into rental apartments.

Rosalienkapelle

The chapel in the middle of the Freihaus was consecrated to Saint Rosalia, the patron saint against the plague in the Diocese of Vienna since 1646 . The chapel was profaned in 1872 . The high altar of the chapel from 1760 was transferred to the subsidiary church of St. Wolfgang in Kirchberg am Wechsel in Lower Austria in 1926 . In 1968 the chapel was demolished and the courtyard portal of the Rosalienkapelle was installed on the Naschmarkt as the last intact part of the former Freihaus .

Freihausviertel

Bounded northeast by Naschmarkt and east by Wiedner Hauptstrasse , the district on the site of the former Freihaus and in its surroundings is now known as the Freihausviertel, especially in marketing. In a documentation of Vienna's shopping streets, the district can be described as an urban trend mile of international proportions , which invites you to stroll through one of the liveliest and most interesting districts of the city .

literature

swell

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the Viennese shopping streets (campaign by the Vienna Chamber of Commerce)

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E