Wiedner Hauptstrasse
The Wiedner Hauptstrasse is in the 4th district of Vienna , the Wieden , and in the 5th district, Margareten . It was named in 1862 after the former Viennese suburb of Wieden and was previously known as Alte Wieden Hauptstraße , Matzleinsdorfer Hauptstraße and Matzleinsdorfer Straße . It is an important historical traffic route in old Vienna.
Location and characteristics
The Wiedner Hauptstrasse is part of the historic Kärntner Strasse - Wiedner Hauptstrasse - Triester Strasse transport axis , which has led from Vienna to the south since Roman times. It begins as an extension of Kärntner Strasse at Karlsplatz and runs in a south-westerly direction, varying in width and irregular, to Reinprechtsdorfer Strasse at Matzleinsdorfer Platz , where it continues on Triester Strasse. The non-rectilinear course, in which branches often expand into small squares, is typical of them. The Wiedner Hauptstrasse is partially lined with avenue trees. The further out of town you get, the wider and more frequented by car traffic.
Tram lines 1 and 62 as well as the Badner Lokalbahn run on most of Wiedner Hauptstrasse . In the area of the 4th / 5th district border, the tram tracks disappear underground and are run as an underground tram to Matzleinsdorfer Platz .
The historic street formed the center of the suburb of Wieden and ran to the suburb of Matzleinsdorf . Until the first half of the 19th century the traffic route was only lined with houses in today's 4th district, while the route in today's 5th district led through open terrain. The building was originally uniformly characterized by late Josephine and Biedermeier houses. At the end of the 19th century, these had to give way, mainly at the beginning of the Wiedner Hauptstrasse, to large historicist buildings and individual new buildings from the 20th century. Only in the central area of Wiedner Hauptstrasse is an ensemble of buildings from the first half of the 19th century preserved. In the 5th district, construction did not begin until around 1900, so that there are also municipal buildings in addition to Wilhelminian and Art Nouveau buildings. The importance of the houses on Wiedner Hauptstrasse in the 5th district falls sharply compared to those in the 4th district.
Significant structures
In the area of today's Karlsplatz, the Wien River flows underground. Its river bed was open until around 1900, so that it was crossed with an originally wooden, later stone bridge since the Middle Ages. From 1854 to 1897, the Elisabeth Bridge led from Kärntner Strasse over the Vienna River to Wiedner Hauptstrasse. Thereafter, the Vienna was vaulted and the bridge was superfluous. Where the bridge used to stand is now the beginning of the Wiedner Hauptstraße between Resselpark and Rosa-Mayreder-Park.
No. 6-10: Technical University
The new institute building of the Technical University and its library are located here. It was built by the architects Dahinden , Gieselmann, Marchart and Moebius & Partner until 1988 . The library building has a large, striking owl figure by Bruno Weber as an eye-catcher on the corner of the building facing Karlsplatz.
At this point there was a large complex of connected residential buildings up to the Wien River, which was known as Freihaus auf der Wieden . After beginnings in the 17th century and the destruction during the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the buildings were erected from 1684 and expanded and expanded several times, so that in the 18th century it was the largest private rental house in Vienna with around 1000 residents. The building complex also contained a Rosalienkapelle and the so-called Freihaustheater , at which Mozart's opera Die Zauberflöte was premiered in 1791 , and from 1850 also commercial establishments and lanes. After the middle of the 19th century there were repeated plans to demolish the building and the buildings became increasingly neglected. Demolition has actually taken place since 1913, but only partially, so that areas of the Freihaus were preserved until 1970. In 1968 the area on Wiedner Hauptstrasse was demolished.
In front of the Freihaus on Wiedner Hauptstrasse, the Viennese Naschmarkt had been located since the 18th century , and at first only consisted of a few roast patties and dumpling huts. After the expansion and renovation of the Freihau from 1786–1790, it was ordered in 1793 that all fruit and vegetables that were not brought to Vienna via the Danube but were brought to Vienna by wagon had to be sold here. Therefore, the market stalls here were very popular and often passed on for generations. After the vaulting of the Wien River, the Naschmarkt was relocated from Wiedner Hauptstrasse to the newly gained area above Vienna, where it is still located today.
No. 7: Hotel Goldenes Lamm
The former Hotel Goldenes Lamm was built in 1760 after the great fire on the Wieden and was expanded in 1823 by the architect Josef Klee . It is a late Baroque suburban house with an early historical facade from around 1855. There is a memorial plaque on the building for the Czech composer Antonín Dvořák , who often lived here. The hotel was particularly significant because of the parking lot in front of the house, from which parking cars went to Hainburg an der Donau , Pottendorf , Traiskirchen , Mödling and Brunn am Gebirge . Today the hotel houses the Institute for Stochastics and Business Mathematics of the Vienna University of Technology .
No. 9: Hotel Zur Stadt Ödenburg
The former inn Zur Roten Ente , later Zur Stadt Ödenburg (Hungarian Sopron ) was built in the second half of the 18th century. It has an elongated courtyard wing with pawlats from the first half of the 19th century. Encouraged by the success of the Golden Lamb, a car service was also set up, which led from here to Rodaun , but also to the Hungarian cities of Güns and Steinamanger .
No. 9: Former Hotel Zur Stadt Ödenburg
No. 12: Hotel City of Trieste
The Hotel Triest, which was originally called the Black Bear and Golden Bear , is located on Rilkeplatz . In 1995 it was converted into a luxury hotel and reopened as Das Triest . From this old inn, too, important trolley lines to Laxenburg or Traiskirchen once left .
The historic Laßlaturm was in this area. It was a tall ashlar building with four pointed corner turrets, which designated the outer border of the suburb of Wieden as a bulwark. In 1452 it was named after King Ladislaus Postumus , who entered the city through the tower under construction. The Laßlaturm, completed in 1461, suffered severe damage during the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 and was then demolished.
No. 14: late historical apartment building
The building was built in 1898 according to plans by architect Ludwig Baumann . The rich secessionist decor with putti reliefs comes from Matscheko and Schrödl. In the house there is a traditional pharmacy, which was founded in 1708 and is the oldest pharmacy on the Wieden. A modern mosaic with the symbol of the Holy Trinity adorns the facade.
No. 15–17: Habig-Hof
In 1896/1897, the architect Heinrich Adam combined several older buildings into a monumental, palais-like double rental house and redesigned the façade in the late historical style. The building was named Habig-Hof after the owner, the P. & C. Habig hat factory . The company's former sales office has been preserved and still has the historic shop portal and furnishings. Behind it is a rear wing with baroque decor and a relief of the Madonna. The Generali Foundation's exhibition building, built in 1995, is located on the area of the Habig hat factory .
The folk actor Fritz Imhoff lived in the house for many years , and a plaque commemorates him.
No. 15–17: Habig-Hof
Habig-Hof, staircase
No. 18–20: late historic corner house
The house was built in 1894 according to plans by Carl Holzmann and has rich Baroque decor and a striking corner dome.
Dome on the house at Wiedner Hauptstrasse 18-20
Decor on the house at Wiedner Hauptstrasse 18-20
No. 19: To the red knight
The house Zum rothen Rössel at the junction of Favoritenstrasse and the square-like extension there was built in 1838 by Franz Xaver Lössl. The early historical apartment building was originally a pension company for visual artists.
Paulan Church
The Catholic Parish Church of the Holy Guardian Angels is commonly known as the Paulan Church . It was first built in the years 1627–1655 by the Order of the Paulans , who had been called to Vienna by the Netherlands in 1624 , to combat the Reformation as part of the monastery offensive initiated by Cardinal Melchior Khlesl . The location is at an old, historical fork in the road (Wiedner Hauptstrasse / Favoritenstrasse). After the church was destroyed during the Second Turkish Siege in 1683, it was rebuilt by 1686. The tower did not follow until 1717. The adjoining monastery buildings were demolished except for remains (today's parsonage) in 1797/1798 after the Paulaner order had been repealed in 1783.
The Paulanerkirche has a simple, early Baroque facade based on the Italian model, which faces north, i.e. towards the city center. The basilica interior is decorated with important works of art. The image of the guardian angels on the high altar is by Josef von Hempel (1844), on the side altars there is an Immaculata by Leopold Kupelwieser (1844), an erection of the cross by Johann Michael Rottmayr (around 1700), the miracles of St. Franz de Paula by Ignaz Johann Bendl (around 1700) and several anonymous works from the 18th century. A painting by Paul Troger depicting Saint Andrew is also kept in the church .
The guardian angel fountain originally stood on the small square in front of the church , which was transferred to the nearby Rilkeplatz in 1963, where it replaced the Rainer fountain that was destroyed in World War II.
No. 23-25: Rainer-Hof
The former Hotel Carlton was built in 1911/1912 according to plans by Rudolf Erdös . Later it became the Hotel Rainerhof, then the Hotel Papageno. The corner building has secessionist shapes with Rococo elements.
No. 23-25: Rainer-Hof
Rainer-Hof, detail
No. 27–29: Hotel Erzherzog Rainer
The former Hotel Mozarthof, Hotel Erzherzog Rainer since 1913 , was originally built as a residential and office building in 1912 and forms an architectural unit with the neighboring Rainer-Hof. In the previous building at No. 27, the Wiedner local politician and benefactor Josef Treitl died .
No. 30: To Archduke Karl
The town house was built in the second half of the 18th century. Its corner bay with onion helmet is characteristic.
No. 32: Blood Donation Center of the Red Cross
The two-storey town house at the silver lion also dates from the second half of the 18th century. It has a simple but well-proportioned facade. The important composer Christoph Willibald Gluck lived here since 1752 . He had also owned the house since 1784 and died here on November 15, 1787. A memorial plaque was donated in the 1830s by the then house owner Franz Freiherr von Werner, which is a listed building. Today the Red Cross blood donation center is located in the building .
No. 34: To the three knots
The town house was built at the end of the 18th century and has old buildings. It was originally called Gnadengreißlerhaus because there was a grocer here who was allowed to practice his trade as a mercy. Today the Alois Frimmel company , also known as the Wiener Knopfkönig , is located there.
No. 36 and Vicki Baum Platz
The three-story town house to the two golden lions was built in 1838 by Anton Hoppe in an early historic style. In the staircase there is a larger-than-life limestone figure from the second quarter of the 19th century and a candelabra in empire shapes. In 1950, a wall fountain with a dolphin was installed in the driveway. In the courtyard of the building there is a Gothic figure of the Virgin and Child from the first half of the 14th century, the heads of which were added by Franz Barwig the Younger . The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius lived in the house from 1890/91 . The intersection at the confluence with Waaggasse that adjoins the corner house was named after the author Vicki Baum in 1999 .
No. 36: To the two golden lions
No. 36: Gothic Madonna around 1330
No. 37
The old Paulaner apartment building was built in 1843 by A. Grimm on the grounds of the Paulaner monastery. It is a through-house with a well-structured facade and four courtyards, into which an older classical portal from 1775 was incorporated.
No. 40–42: To the golden ball
The large house from 1838 was built by Carl Högl and Franz Xaver Lössl. It is a good example of the useful architecture of pre-March Vienna, which led to the development of the city apartment building. The previous building was owned by the doctor and art collector Stephan Steiger.
No. 44: To the Knight of St. George
The house dates from the second half of the 18th century. There are six sgraffiti (labeled LJ Gaspar) with depictions of the district's history and legends of the Wieden. They show the wailing tree with the coat of arms of Hungelbrunn , the legend of the brave Elisabeth with the coat of arms of the Schaumburgergrund , the Laßla tower with the coat of arms of Wieden, the legend of the bear fight with the grinding mill, the Turkish emergency and the magic flute.
No. 46
The late historical apartment building was built in 1895 by the architects Ferdinand Fellner the Younger and Hermann Helmer , who had designed the Volkstheater a few years earlier . The palais-like facade has neo-renaissance shapes and a striking driveway.
No. 50: Albert Lortzing
The Biedermeier apartment building from 1834 by Georg Schiemann has a classicist facade that is elevated by a triangular gable on Wiedner Hauptstrasse. On the house there is a memorial plaque for the composer Albert Lortzing , who lived here from 1846 to 1848, as well as a corner relief by Franz Barwig the Younger from 1950, which refers to the opera Der Waffenschmied von Lortzing. In the staircase you can find a glass window by Remigius Geyling (after 1900) and in the side staircases there are reliefs and sculptures.
No. 50: Albert Lortzing's house
No. 50: Relief "Armorer" by Franz Barwig the Younger
No. 51: To the green wreath
The house was built in 1824 by master builder Alois Hildwein and added by Anton Hoppe in 1837 . It is two-story on Wiedner Hauptstrasse and one-story on Mayerhofgasse. It is the example of a Biedermeier Pawlatschenhaus.
No. 52: To the green grape
The former hotel was built by Franz Reumann in 1846/1847. It is an early example of an early historic facade. The restaurant Zurgrün Weintraube was very traditional and existed from 1732 to 1970. It was the largest gastronomy on the Wieden.
No. 55 with Café Wortner
At the junction of Schaumburgergasse, the Karoline Ottische Stiftungshaus is located in a prominent urban area on a small square. The building was built in 1814 and modified by Franz Reumann in 1841 and 1846, so that the facade appears early historical. Café Wortner has existed since 1880.
In front of the café is the Engelbrunnen , which was created in 1893 by the sculptor Anton Paul Wagner . The name comes from the founder of the fountain, Viktor von Engel. The legend is represented by the brave Elisabeth, a miller's daughter, who rendered the robber Hans Aufschwing and his accomplice, the landlord of the devil's mill, harmless in the 15th century. The figures are made of cast bronze.
No. 55: Cafe Wortner
Angel fountain
No. 60, 60 A, 60 B, 62: Burned down house
The houses date from the first half of the 19th century and were built instead of a large housing estate for the poor. House No. 62 is a small suburban town house with a Pawlatschenhof. The sculptor Joseph Boehm , who is remembered by a plaque, was born in house number 60 .
No. 60 B
House 60 B, on the other hand, was built in the second half of the 18th century and is probably the still preserved courtyard wing of Villa Wiesenthal. The arched corridors, the staircase and the pilaster-structured facade are noteworthy here. Today the house is the Free Stage Wieden .
No. 63: Austrian Chamber of Commerce
This is where the Archduke Rainer Palace was located, which was demolished at the end of the 1950s after minor war damage and use by the Soviet occupying powers, including its listed riding school. The current building was initially erected as the headquarters of the Austrian tire group Semperit. Today the headquarters of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce are located at the site (actually Schönburgstrasse 1) .
No. 64: Heimatstil
The towering corner house on Klagbaumgasse was built by Arthur Baron in 1912/13 . It is designed in the form of the Heimat style and has decor in the manner of the Wiener Werkstätte . The original balconies are particularly eye-catching. The architect Josef Frank lived in the house from 1913 to 1934 , a memorial plaque commemorates him. The Schönburg cinema was also located here.
In place of this house there has been the infirmary for the wailing tree since the Middle Ages . It was founded in 1267 as a home for lepers and existed with interruptions until 1786/1787, when it was no longer up to date by Emperor Joseph II. And then demolished. There was also a small church on the side facing Wiedner Hauptstrasse. The name Klagbaum was traced back to a legend according to which a tree should have stood at this point, which is said to have made plaintive noises as a warning of misfortune and distress. In reality, however, Klagbaum refers to the image of the crucified Christ with the weeping women underneath, which was called the Wailing Tree.
No. 65: Early work by Otto Wagner
The house, built in 1875/1876, is an early work by Otto Wagner , which is still completely adherent to strict historicism.
No. 64: Josef Frank's house
The main building of the WKO
No. 65: House built by Otto Wagner
No. 66: neoclassical corner house
This building was built in 1914 by Adolf Jelletz . It is a large neoclassical corner house that is also on the site of the former infirmary for the Klagbaum.
No. 82: Church of St. Thekla
In 1751 the Piarist Order bought land here and built the church of Sankt Thekla on the Wieden and an adjoining religious house. The architect was Mathias Gerl . The house was a novitiate from 1755 to 1785, then a secondary and secondary school for the Piarists. From 1800 to 1823 it was used as a military transport collection house. In 1875 the Lower Austrian dialect poet Joseph Misson , who was himself a Piarist, died here . A plaque commemorates him.
The church is an unadorned late baroque country church with a low facade tower. Inside there is a high altar painting of Saint Thekla by Felix Ivo Leicher (1756), two side altar paintings Maria Immaculata and Saint Joseph von Calasanz (both 1756) by the same artist and Saint Theresa von Avila by Johann Meidinger (1768).
The border between the 4th and 5th district is at the height of Theklakirche. This is where the underpass of the tramway begins under Wiedner Hauptstrasse.
No. 84–86: SVA of the commercial economy
The building of the social insurance institute of the commercial economy was built 1971–1974 by the architects Carl Appel and Erich Majores. It is an unadorned steel frame building, in front of which a fountain was erected in 2009.
No. 88: Florahof
The Florahof is a fine example of a secessionist apartment building in Vienna. The building was built in 1901/1902 by Wunibald Deininger . The colored decor on the building is striking. The house was renovated in 2009.
No. 90-92
The semi-detached house was built by Hugo Mandeltort in 1901/02 . The structure and decor are designed in the manner of Otto Wagner.
No. 99: Florianikirche
The Matzleinsdorfer parish church of St. Florian is a little behind the building line and was built between 1961 and 1963 according to plans by Rudolf Schwarz , which Hans Petermair carried out. The walls of the high, flat-roofed central nave are completely structured by glass windows, red stone frames form a large cross on the facade. The church's stained glass windows are from the 1960s and are by Giselbert Hoke . Other pieces of equipment include a large relief of the cross by Peter Gangl (1967/1968) and a bronze pietà by Hubert Wilfan (1955). In the square in front of the church there is a large bronze figure of Saint Florian by Josef Riedel from 1937 and a column with Pietà, which is marked 1657. She originally stood on Kundratstrasse on the way to the place of execution by the spinner on the cross . In addition to the parish, the Vienna Youth Church has been located here since 2005 .
Originally, the so-called Rauchfangkehrerkirche, the predecessor of today's church, stood at this height in the middle of Wiedner Hauptstrasse. It was built in 1725 instead of a chapel in the Baroque style and in 1783 elevated to the status of a parish church. After long discussions, it was decided in the 20th century to demolish the church, which was a traffic obstacle for cars, and to build the current building on the left side of the street instead. The demolition took place on August 30, 1965, despite a wave of protests with 13,000 signatures.
The old rectory with its large garden also protruded far into the Wiedner Hauptstrasse. It was demolished as early as 1935, and a new parsonage and residential complex were built on house numbers 103 and 105 by the architect Karl Ehn (the designer of the Karl-Marx-Hof ). When the parish church was rebuilt, a modern parish center was connected directly next to it at No. 97, so that the rectory is located here today.
No. 108
This late historical house was built by Friedrich Kleibl in 1911/12. The narrow building is characterized by castle-like elements. In the foyer there are stucco reliefs with playing putti. A hotel and a dormitory were housed in the building; today, the Scala Theater of the Theaters for Fear has been located here since 1995 in the rooms of the former Atlantis cinema .
No. 123-125
In the 19th century, the Sulkowskitheater was located in the place of the current building . It was founded in 1837 as a home and practice stage. From 1861 it was called Niklastheater and served as a kind of rehearsal stage for young talents. This is where Josef Kainz performed for the first time. In 1895 the theater was closed and the building was demolished in 1908.
No. 126-128
This striking corner house on Ramperstorffergasse was built in 1912/1913 by the architects Emil Hoppe , Marcel Kammerer and Otto Schönthal , all of whom were pupils of Otto Wagner. The building has a rounded corner and has decorative elements from the Wiener Werkstätte.
No. 126–128: corner house
gallery
The beginning of the street at Karlsplatz
At No. 26, on the right, the Paulanerkirche
At Floragasse
At Mayerhofgasse
At Klagbaumgasse
At Blechturmgasse, left the Theklakirche
At Kriehubergasse
At Kliebergasse
At Hollgasse
The end of the street at Matzleinsdorfer Platz
literature
- Felix Czeike : Viennese district culture guide. Volume 4: Wieden. Jugend & Volk, Vienna et al. 1979, ISBN 3-7141-6220-8 .
- Wolfgang Mayer: Viennese district culture guide. Volume 5: Margareten. Jugend & Volk, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-224-16238-4 .
- Dehio-Handbuch, the art monuments of Austria. Topographical inventory of monuments. Department: Vienna. Volume 2: Wolfgang Czerny: II. To IX. and XX. District. Revision. Schroll, Vienna et al. 1993, ISBN 3-7031-0680-8 .
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 5: Ru - Z. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 .
Footnotes
- ^ Sulkowskitheater in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 38.7 " N , 16 ° 22 ′ 1.5" E