Josef Frank (architect)

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Josef Frank (born July 15, 1885 in Baden near Vienna , † January 8, 1967 in Stockholm ) was an Austrian - Swedish architect . Together with Oskar Strnad , he created the Vienna School of Architecture , which represented its own modern concept of houses, apartments and interior furnishings.

Life

Josef Frank was of Jewish origin, his parents were the merchant Ignaz (Isak) Frank from Heves in Hungary (October 17, 1851 - January 27, 1921 in Vienna) and the Viennese merchant's daughter Jenny Feilendorf (September 3, 1861 - 10. February 1941 in Vienna), who married on May 3, 1883 in the City Temple of Vienna . He designed the grave for his parents in the Old Israelite Department of the Vienna Central Cemetery , 1st Gate, Group 19, Row 58, Grave No. 52. His brother was the Austrian philosopher , physicist and mathematician Philipp Frank .

Gravestone of his parents designed by Josef Frank.

Josef Frank studied from 1903 at the Technical University of Vienna architecture, completed in 1908 an internship at Bruno Möhring in Berlin and in 1910 based on his dissertation on the Renaissance architectural theorist Leon Battista Alberti to Dr. techn. PhD. From 1919 to 1925 he was a teacher at the Vienna School of Applied Arts . He was a founding member of the Wiener Werkbund , initiator and in 1932 also head of the Werkbundsiedlung in Vienna, which was supported by the Gesiba municipal settlement company .

In 1933 he emigrated to Sweden and received Swedish citizenship in 1939 . He became the most renowned designer of the Stockholm designer company Svenskt Tenn (Swedish pewter), which still exists today, and created countless designs for them in a duo with Estrid Ericson , some of which are still being realized today. The first copies of his furniture designs are now reaching top prices at auctions and are also in the collections of MoMa and the National Museum in Stockholm.

After 1945 Frank stayed in Sweden, although there were attempts to bring him back to Vienna. Frank is buried together with his wife Anna Frank, née Sebenius, who was once married by Konrad Adenauer in Cologne, on the Norra begravningsplatsen in Solna .

The grave of Anna and Josef Frank in the cemetery in Solna

meaning

Josef Frank dealt early on with social housing and with workers' settlements . Contrary to most of the other architects of the inter-war period in Vienna, he advocated the idea of ​​settlement and not the creation of so-called superblocks in municipal housing . With his essay The People's Housing Palace . A speech on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone, which was not given in the magazine Der Aufbau , No. 7, 1926, was a brilliant, but ultimately unsuccessful, polemic against Frank against the line of representative large-scale municipal buildings represented by Hubert Gessner and other pupils of Otto Wagner .

He also renounced facade decor and preferred clear, functional forms. The Viennese architect and furniture designer Luigi Blau described him as one of his role models.

In addition to his architectural work, Frank created hundreds of designs for furniture, furnishings, fabrics, wallpapers and carpets , especially as part of his work for Svenskt Tenn . His work as a painter is less well known. An avowed Frank supporter and fan is Apple designer Marc Newson . Much of Frank's furniture is now also in Sweden's diplomatic missions abroad , including the Swedish embassy in Algiers and the consulate general in New York .

recognition

Important buildings

Semi-detached house in the Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart
Frank / Wlach: Vienna 11th, Simmeringer Hauptstrasse 142–150, today Rosa-Jochmann-Hof
The house designed by Frank Woinovichgasse 32 in the Werkbundsiedlung Vienna
The Villa Claëson summer house designed by Frank in 1924 and completed in 1927 for the diplomat Axel Claëson and his wife Sighild in the summer holiday resort of Falsterbo
The 800 square meter Villa
Beer in Vienna 13. , Wenzgasse 12, realized in 1929/1930 for the rubber shoe sole manufacturer Julius Beer together with Oskar Wlach
  • Establishment of the East Asian Museum in Cologne (1912)
  • House Vienna 19., Wilbrandtgasse 3 (1914; former house Emil and Agnes Scholl), with Oskar Wlach and Oskar Strnad
  • House Vienna 19., Wilbrandtgasse 12 (1914; former House Oskar and Hanny Strauss), with Oskar Wlach and Oskar Strnad
  • Cooperative settlement complex Vienna 12., Hoffingergasse, in the district of Altmannsdorf (1921–1924), together with Erich Faber; 284 apartments in simple terraced houses
  • Municipal housing complex Wiedenhoferhof , Vienna 17., Zeillergasse 7–11 (1924/1925), 237 apartments
  • Communal housing complex Winarskyhof, Vienna 20., Stromstrasse 36–38 / Winarskystrasse 15–21 / Pasettistrasse 39–45 / Vorgartenstrasse 44 (1924–1926), together with Peter Behrens , Karl Dirnhuber , Josef Hoffmann , Margarete Lihotzky , Adolf Loos , Franz Schuster , Oskar Strnad , Oskar Wlach ; 534 apartments and communal facilities
  • Semi-detached house in Stuttgart , Weißenhofsiedlung (1927)
  • Villa Hugo Blitz, Weilburgstrasse 22 in Baden near Vienna , together with Oskar Wlach , "Terrace and Floor Building", can be seen from the lido to this day (1928, preliminary studies from 1926)
  • Municipal housing complex Vienna 14., Sebastian-Kelch-Gasse 1–3 (1928/1929), in the Breitensee district , 50 apartments
  • House Beer , Vienna 13., Wenzgasse 12, 1929/1930, with Oskar Wlach ; the house is to be made accessible as a museum.
  • Municipal housing complex Vienna 11th, Simmeringer Hauptstrasse 142–150, 1931/1932, 286 apartments, together with Oskar Wlach; 2013 Pink Jochmann farm named
  • Municipal housing complex Leopoldine-Glöckel-Hof , Vienna 12., Steinbauergasse 1–7 / Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 11 / Herthergasse 2 / Siebertgasse 15 (1931–1932), 318 apartments
  • Management of the planning and construction of the Werkbundsiedlung Vienna of the municipal construction company Gesiba (coordination with around 30 architects, including Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky as the only one) in the 13th district, Hietzing, district Lainz , and design of house 13, Woinovichgasse 32 (until 1932)
  • Villa buildings in Falsterbo , southern Sweden: Villa Claesson (1927) ,, Villa Carlsten (1927) Villa Seth (1934), Villa Låftman (1934), Villa Wehtje (1936)

Fonts

  • About the original shape of the church buildings by Leone Battista Alberti . Dissertation. Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1910, OBV .
  • Architecture as a symbol. Elements of German new building . Schroll, Vienna 1931, OBV .
    • Hermann Czech (ed.): Architecture as a symbol. Elements of German new building . Second edition (reprint of the 1931 edition). Löcker, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-85409-395-0 .
  • - (Ed.): The International Werkbundsiedlung Vienna 1932. 70 furnished single-family houses . Schroll, Vienna 1932. - Full text online (PDF; 32.7 MB) .
  • The life of the painter Lucien Sander. Novel . (Photocopy of an undated, unpublished manuscript). Sl 1942, OBV .
  • Josef Frank. Writings (German / English); 2 volumes / 2 volumes; (Eds.): Tano Bojankin, Christopher Long and Iris Meder, Metroverlag, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-99300-086-8 .
  • Dreams. Comedy in five acts . Typescript. New York s. a., ÖNB .

literature

  • Johannes Spalt, Hermann Czech, University of Applied Arts (ed.): Josef Frank 1885–1967 . (Furniture and appliances and theoretic; exhibition catalog). Löcker, Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-85409-026-9 .
  • Nina Stritzler-Levine, Leon Botstein (Eds.): Josef Frank, architect and designer. Yale University Press, New Haven (Conn.) 1996, ISBN 0-300-06901-4 .
  • Mikael Bergquist (ed.), Olof Michélsen (ed.), Bärbel Kamphausen-Muser (transl.): Josef Frank - architecture. (Exhibition catalog Stockholm / Vienna). Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-7643-5095-4 .
  • Maria Welzig, University of Applied Arts, Archive and Collection (Ed.): Josef Frank 1885–1967. The architectural work. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 1998, ISBN 3-205-98407-2 .
  • Christopher Long: Josef Frank. Life and work. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (Ill.) 2002, ISBN 0-226-49266-4 .
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 348.
  • Biographical handbook of German-speaking emigration after 1933. Volume 2/1. Saur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 317.
  • Stephen R. Taylor (Ed.): Who's Who in Central and East-Europe 1933/34. A biographical dictionary containing about 10.000 biographies of prominent people from Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Danzig, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, Switzerland, Turkey and Yugoslavia The Central European Times Publication, Zurich 1935, OBV , p. 279.
  • Iris Meder (Ed.): Josef Frank 1885–1967 - a modernity of disorder. Pustet, Salzburg / Vienna / Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-7025-0581-3 .
  • Marlene Ott-Wodni: Josef Frank 1885–1967. Interior design and furniture design. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2015, ISBN 978-3-205-79647-3 .
  • Christoph Thun-Hohenstein , Hermann Czech , Sebastian Hackenschmidt (eds.): Josef Frank - against design. The Architect's Anti-Formalist Oeuvre. (Catalog for the exhibition Josef Frank: Against design , MAK Vienna, December 16, 2015 - April 3, 2016). Birkhäuser, Basel 2016, ISBN 978-3-0356-0999-8 .
  • Mikael Bergquist, Olof Michélsen: Josef Frank: Falsterbovillorna. Arkitektur Förlag, Stockholm. 2017, ISBN 978-91-86050-99-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. Death Indicator (...) Philipp Files village. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 6769/1883, July 2, 1883, p. 7, top left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  2. Weddings on May 3rd. In:  Die Neuzeit , No. 17/1883 (XXIII. Year), April 27, 1883, p. 166, top left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / maintenance / new.
  3. All information about the parents from the article by Georg Gaugusch : Genealogy of the Feilendorf and Frank families. In: I. Meder (Ed.): Josef Frank. 2008.
  4. ^ Widder art trade: Trude Waehner - Vienna 1900–1979 Vienna , accessed on April 10, 2017.
  5. a b Architekturzentrum Wien. Retrieved September 3, 2019 .
  6. BAUWELT - Josef Frank Exhibition - Don't be afraid of decor. Retrieved September 3, 2019 .
  7. With warm pillows in the cold. Retrieved September 3, 2019 .
  8. Careful, good taste! | Nordic embassies. Retrieved September 3, 2019 .
  9. ^ Svenskt Tenn : Estrid Ericson , accessed April 10, 2017.
  10. Press release: International Scramble for Swedish 20th Century Design ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Bukowskis.com , accessed March 29, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bukowskis.com
  11. ^ MoMa archive: Josef Frank , accessed on March 29, 2017.
  12. ^ Archives of the National Museum: Josef Frank , accessed on March 29, 2017.
  13. Josef Frank , accessed on March 29, 2017.
  14. ^ Eva-Karin Gyllenberg: Josef Franks plats invigd med provsittning . In Dagens Nyheter , May 17, 2010, accessed March 29, 2017.
  15. Josef Frank. ( Memento of the original from October 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the artist directory of past auctions at: hampel-auctions.com  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hampel-auctions.com
  16. Jewish Chronicle: The okände akvarellisten Josef Frank , accessed on 30 March 2017th
  17. Catherine Hong: A Look Back at the Fanciful Fabrics of Josef Frank , in Architectural Digest on December 14, 2016, accessed on March 29, 2017.
  18. Celebrating Josef Frank , in Vogue on February 12, 2017, accessed on March 29, 2017.
  19. ^ Swedish royal family : HM Konungens tal vid statsbanketten i Vienna, November 20, 2007 , accessed on April 10, 2017.
  20. ^ Statens fastighetsverk : New York, USA, the Consulate General , accessed April 10, 2017.
  21. ^ Statens fastighetsverk : The Swedish Embassy compound in Algiers, Algeria , accessed on April 10, 2017.
  22. ^ Austrian Society for Architecture
  23. ^ Exhibition by Josef Frank. Architect and outsider. ( Memento of March 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Archive link
  24. orf.at - "Beauty for All": Josef Frank in the MAK . Article dated December 15, 2015, accessed December 15, 2015.
  25. "BADENER ZUCKERLN No. 31" From the work of the city archive, Josef Frank
  26. ^ Wolfgang Born: A house in Vienna-Hietzing. In: interior decoration. No. 10/1931 (XLII. Year). Koch, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 363-398. - Full text online (PDF; 10 MB) .
  27. Sarah Nägele, ORF Vienna, September 6, 2017
  28. ^ A b Hans Eckstein: New residential buildings . F. Bruckmann, Munich 1932, p. 49 f .
  29. Corinne Elsesser: Modernism by the Sea. In: NZZ . August 28, 2003. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  30. ^ Jan Samuelsson: Villa Carlsten ska bevaras för eftervärlden. In: Sydsvenskan . July 14, 2015, accessed March 29, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Josef Frank  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files