Lainz
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Lainz is part of Vienna's 13th district, Hietzing . The place, today only a cadastral municipality in the land registry , was a separate suburb of Vienna until 1891.
location
The historic town of Lainz consisted of several farmsteads on the Lainzer Sattel , the passage between the Vienna Woods and Küniglberg along Lainzer Straße. This led to the neighboring villages of Unter-St.-Veit in the north and Speising in the south. The area belonging to the village of Lainz was hardly larger than a kilometer in diameter. Today the Lainzerbach only runs underground as a canal through the district.
history
Settlements could be proven as early as the 12th century, the name "Lainz" was first mentioned in 1313 as Lventz after Czeike . In 1365, Duke Rudolf IV gave the village, which formed a rulership with Speising , to the provost of St. Stephan , and in 1411 Duke Albrecht V gave it to Peter and Alexius Chrudner as a fief. In 1421 the parish was founded.
In 1527 Ladislaus von Ratmannsdorf received the rule of Lainz from Emperor Ferdinand I as Archduke of Austria as a fief. In the following years the brothers Otto and Alban von Ratmannsdorf are attested as owners. The Ratmannsdorfer have been recorded in Weiz (Styria) since the 12th century. In 1622 Lainz became the property of Countess Anna Maria von Ratmannsdorf; she married into the Saurau family, who thus took over the rule of Lainz: In 1637 she handed over the property to her son Christoph Alban von Saurau, hereditary marshal of the Duchy of Styria , who lost the fief in 1652 at the latest. It was that year by Emperor Ferdinand III. as Archduke of Austria to Johann Mathias Prücklmayer , Baron von Goldegg. Later, enfeoffed by the Archduke, the Jesuits and the archbishopric St. Vitus exercised the manorial rule .
The village was burned down and plundered during the first and second Turkish sieges of Vienna . The baroque church was built in 1736 on the site of the poorly repaired war ruins and consecrated to the Holy Trinity in accordance with the counter-reformation trend at the time . Annual thanksgiving pilgrimages to the Trinity Church of Lainz were held to thank Vienna for the fact that it was less affected by the plague and cholera epidemics than feared .
During the territorial reform of Empress Maria Theresa as Archduchess of Austria, which began in 1748, Lainz became an independent municipality with a few hundred inhabitants, but still subject to an estate. The nearby Vienna Woods served the Viennese nobility as a hunting ground and some Lainzer lumbermen as a place of work.
In 1848/1849 the feudal lordship was replaced, in 1850 Lainz became an autonomous local community of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns in the present sense. In 1850 the suburbs of Vienna were incorporated into the line wall of Vienna; the city formed the districts 2–9 and thus moved much closer to Lainz.
Lainz has lost its village character since the early days , when wealthy business people from Vienna built villas here, the later Lainzer Strasse was paved as far as Schönbrunn and the connecting railway (see section on public transport) was built in 1860.
During the second major city expansion, many suburbs of Vienna on the right bank of the Danube were incorporated into a Lower Austrian state law in 1890/1892, and districts 11-19 were formed from them. The communities Hietzing (now also called Alt-Hietzing), Lainz, Speising, Unter-St.-Veit , Ober-St.-Veit and Hacking were combined to form the 13th district of Vienna , Hietzing. Until 1938, the towns of Penzing , Baumgarten and Hütteldorf to the north of the Wien River were also part of the 13th district; since then they have been part of the 14th district .
The previous main street of the municipality of Lainz was officially named Lainzer Straße in 1894 from (Alt-) Hietzing, where it branches off from Hietzinger Hauptstraße, up to the intersection with the connecting railway south of the village (at today's Speising S-Bahn station); beyond the railroad gates, the street continues on Speisinger Strasse.
In 1904, the city administration built the large Lainz care home for old people and people in need of care in the pavilion system ( Then Kummst nach Lainz was in Vienna for many decades, and old relatives were threatened with the old people's home). In 1913, the Kaiser-Jubiläums-Spital , today Hietzing Hospital, was opened on an area adjoining it to the south .
For the history of Lainz in the 13th district see here .
Public transportation
- Connecting track
In 1860 the connecting line from Vienna Meidling on the southern line to Vienna Penzing on the western line, now an S-Bahn line, was opened. They also run long-distance trains that went beyond Vienna, e.g. B. the legendary Orient Express , originally from Paris to Constantinople . For a long time, the connecting railway had a stop called Lainz between Veitingergasse and Jagdschlossgasse for regional passenger traffic, which was operated before 1945. The route has been relieved by the Lainzer Tunnel since December 9, 2012 .
Since July 1, 1989 there has been S-Bahn operation on the connecting line with the Vienna Speising stop on the southern edge of Lainz and the northern edge of Speising. (Next to the station there is a stop for the tram line 60.) Trains stop here, heading north-west to Wien Hütteldorf station and, since December 9, 2012, on the western line in the direction of Rekawinkel , east to the new Vienna Central Station and on the eastern line continue to Bruck an der Leitha (line S60).
- Steam tramway
On October 27, 1883, a line from the steam tramway company formerly Krauss & Comp. Lainz opened a line from (Alt-) Hietzing to Perchtoldsdorf south of Vienna; on May 12, 1887, the line was extended to Mödling . In 1901, the line was operated at 30-minute intervals during the day.
- tram
On October 16, 1908, on the previous steam tramway section from Hietzing to Lainz, Jagdschlossgasse, electrical operation of the city trams, line 59, began. Since April 16, 1911, tram line 60 has also operated here, which until 1926 had various exit stations closer to the city center than Hietzing. From August 7, 1912, the section from Lainz to Mauer bei Wien (incorporated in 1938) was also served electrically by line 60 (since November 24, 1963, the 60s has been running to Rodaun ). Line 59, which had its starting station 1911–1942 particularly close to the center, on the Neuer Markt in the old town, and then mostly departed from the Ring, Babenbergerstrasse , was discontinued on June 28, 1972. Since then, Lainz has only been served by the 1960s. The terminus of the 59er in Lainz did not have a reversing loop, but a siding directly next to the old Lainzer Church, accessible from both through tracks, with the help of which the railcars could be recoupled and on which trains could wait for their scheduled departure without passing 60 trains to block.
Since December 22, 1915, the terminus of the tram line 62 ( Ring , Oper -Lainz, Wolkersbergenstrasse) that starts from the city center and runs on the southwestern edge of Lainz has been located at the Geriatric Center Am Wienerwald . The reverse loop there was probably built in the late 1950s; until then there was also shunting and coupling.
Lainzer tunnel
The 12.8 kilometer long railway tunnel named after Lainz, which was put into operation on December 9, 2012, connects the Westbahn , running under the Lainzer Tiergarten , Ober-St.-Veit , Lainz and Speising, with the Südbahn and the Donauländebahn . It largely replaces the connecting line for freight traffic, which should largely eliminate the noise of the freight trains on the route. In passenger traffic, the tunnel is used to direct international trains that are to cross Vienna to the new central station .
Lainzer Tiergarten
The large Lainzer Tiergarten , essential part of Vienna's share in the Vienna Woods , was only in the monarchy on plans kk Tiergarten or imperial Tiergarten entered. The area named after 1918 by the republican state after the place Lainz was never located as an imperial hunting area in the municipality of Lainz, but belonged to the new local municipality Hadersdorf-Weidlingau since 1851 . Its present area in Vienna is 23.6 square kilometers; another 0.9 square kilometers are in Lower Austria. The zoo was incorporated into Greater Vienna by the Nazi regime in 1938 , remained in Vienna after 1945 and became part of the 13th district in 1956. The Hörndlwald behind the Geriatric Center Am Wienerwald was part of the zoo until 1918, as was the area of the Friedensstadt adjoining it to the south and other settlements there ; the area of the "SAT settlement" on Speisinger Strasse was spun off from the zoo in 1912.
Buildings
_-_Konzilsged%C3%A4chtniskirche.JPG)
- Council Memorial Church and Cardinal King House
The Lainz retreat and education center , which was set up by the Jesuits in the Lainzer Schlössel in 1884 and rebuilt in the 1990s, is located with the associated meditative park next to the new Roman Catholic parish church that opened in 1968, the Lainz Speising Council Memorial Church , on the corner of Lainzer Strasse and Jagdschlossgasse in the historic center of Lainz. When the new building opened in 1999, it was named after Cardinal Franz König Cardinal-König-Haus (KKH) , who died in 2004 at the age of 98 , and is operated by the Jesuits together with Caritas of the Archdiocese of Vienna .
- Syriac Orthodox Church of St. Ephrem
In the immediate vicinity of the Catholic Council Memorial Church, at Lainzer Straße 154a, opposite the junction with Fasangartengasse, there is the former Lainzer parish church, now officially called the Syrian Orthodox Church of St. Ephrem . The church, which was built until 1428 and was rebuilt in 1736, was transferred from the Roman Catholic Church to the Syrian Orthodox community in 1974 by decision of Archbishop Cardinal Franz König .
- Evangelical Peace Church
The Evangelical Peace Church , consecrated in 1960, is located northwest of the Geriatric Center Am Wienerwald at Jagdschlossgasse 44 . Its catchment area was raised to an independent parish in 1961.
- ORF center Küniglberg
The anti-aircraft barracks Küniglberg was built on the Küniglberg in 1938 by the Nazi regime . The ORF center , the headquarters of the state radio and television company, was built on this area from 1968 to 1975 . The state of construction required the decision to either laboriously renew the listed building or to relocate the institution from here. After years of factual and political discussions, the ORF Board of Trustees made the decision in 2014 to integrate all of the ORF's Vienna studios into the ORF center in the medium term; this is being expanded.
- Werkbundsiedlung
The Werkbundsiedlung Vienna , which opened in 1932 between Veitingergasse and Jagdschlossgasse, was originally a sensational architecture exhibition and is still mentioned in architecture guides about Vienna today.
_-_Wohnsiedlung_Lockerwiese,_Camillianergasse.JPG)
- Lockerwiese settlement
The Lockerwiese housing estate with around 780 residential units was built by the Vienna city administration under Mayor Karl Seitz from 1928 . Seen from the center of Lainz, it is located in the apron of the geriatric center immediately west of the connecting railway.
- Geriatric Center Am Wienerwald
The municipal geriatric center Am Wienerwald (formerly the Lainz nursing home , previously a care home ) on Wolkersbergenstrasse is the largest nursing home in Austria. It lies at the foot of the Hörndlwald , part of the Vienna Woods, and was built in 1902–1904 under Mayor Karl Lueger as a spacious complex with 18 pavilions and a two-tower church in a garden city of a similar character. Control deficits led to care scandals , which were also attributed to the size of the institution. The city administration has therefore decided to gradually close the facility by 2015 and to move the residents to smaller facilities. There is still no agreement on the reuse of the listed buildings.
- Hietzing Hospital
The municipal hospital Hietzing , which is adjacent to the south , also on Wolkersbergenstrasse, was opened in 1913 as the largest hospital in Vienna at the time, is now the oldest hospital and with 2,800 employees and 18 departments the second largest in the city. In a series of murders from 1983 to 1989, 42 people died (see “ Lainz Angel of Death ”). After this scandal, the hospital was no longer named after Lainz, but after Hietzing, but many people still know it as the Lainz hospital .
Culture, science and personalities
Since these topics can hardly be restricted to the former local borders, see the corresponding sections in the text about Hietzing .
Despite the local structure that used to be characterized by agricultural and commercial activities, numerous cultural and scientific activities and personalities have developed in Lainz. The relative proximity to the imperial Schönbrunn Palace probably contributed to this, but above all the Jesuit college founded here as well as very active church structures and the school reformer Otto Glöckel in "Red Vienna" .
Fathers Reinhold Ettel and Johannes Schasching should be mentioned among the scientists at the Jesuit retreat and education center . He built up the Catholic Social Academy , which later helped the Austrian hospice movement to start with the CS sister Hildegard Teuschl . The Don Bosco House, which was built in Unter-St.-Veit , north of Lainz, until 1987 , focuses on working young people and builds a development policy focus with young people, a world . Classic adult education and theater received new impulses with the Hietzing adult education center on Hofwiesengasse in Speising (the northern part of which is still part of Lainz).
In terms of architecture, in the Werkbundsiedlung around 1930, an internationally recognized grouping of essential, small-scale forms of living of the time was created. In the 1970s, the ORF center, Austria's largest “media machine”, was built.
In the natural sciences , among other things, Lainz received strong impulses from the Lainzer Tiergarten, which are particularly reflected in biology and forestry , or in numerous exhibitions in the architectural jewel of the Hermesvilla in the Tiergarten .
In archeology , the Rote Berg in the center of the district is worth mentioning with numerous finds and artefacts from prehistoric times, and geologically the so-called cliff zone is a treasure trove for attentive visitors to the numerous city hiking trails . Interesting rock samples can also be found on other mountains and hills on the edge of the Vienna Basin , for example on Nikolaiberg and Kaltbründlberg - the highest point at 510 meters in the Lainzer Tiergarten near the state border with Lower Austria . The most beautiful view of the western half of Vienna and Lainz is from the Wienerblick, 434 meters above sea level, near the eastern edge of the zoo.
In the area of Lainz, volcanic rocks ( picrites , tuffs ) were observed during construction work below the earth's surface . The volcanoes that created these rocks are believed to have been active in the Miocene , about 12 million years ago. Sea mussels have drilled holes in the rocks.
The personalities of the district include the Federal Chancellors Josef Klaus and Wolfgang Schüssel , the workers' fighter Fritz Jensen , President of the National Council and university professor Andreas Khol and the wheelchair tennis player Nico Langmann . Among the personalities of the arts who are related to Lainz, the following should be mentioned: the dynasty of the Otto Gemäldegalerie , the composer Gerald Spitzner and the horn player Josef Schantl , to whom the founding of the Lainzer Jagdmusik , which is still active today, goes back.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The Ratmannsdorf family in Friedrich Schweikhardt: Presentation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns , Volume 3, p. 65. Vienna 1831, accessed on October 19, 2010
- ↑ family Ratmannsdorf in Historical and topographical representation of Medling and its environs , 85. Wien 1824, accessed 20 October 2010
- ^ Entry about Ratmannsdorf on Burgen-Austria , accessed on October 19, 2010
- ^ Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 3: Ha-La. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-218-00545-0 , p. 662.
- ^ Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Tram in Vienna - the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow , Verlag Josef Otto Slezak, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-900134-00-6 , pp. 305 and 326
- ^ Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Tram in Vienna - the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow , Verlag Josef Otto Slezak, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-900134-00-6 , p. 327
- ^ Lockerwiese settlement on a private website for Hietzing
- ^ Heinrich Küpper: On the knowledge of the Alpine breakup on the western edge of the Vienna basin . Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 94, Part 1, Vienna 1951. pp. 41–92 (PDF; 3.5 MB)
- ↑ An extinct volcano at the gates of Vienna. In: “Reichspost” daily newspaper, Vienna, No. 307, November 7, 1937, p. 9
Auhof |
Hacking |
Hietzing |
Lainz |
Ober Sankt Veit |
Rosenberg |
Schönbrunn |
Speising |
Unter Sankt Veit
A small part of each of Hütteldorf , Penzing , Rudolfsheim , Unterbaumgarten and Weidlingau lie in the district
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 24 ″ N , 16 ° 16 ′ 32 ″ E