Baumgarten (Vienna)
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Baumgarten is part of Vienna's 14th district , Penzing . The district part is on the left, northern bank of the Wien River . In terms of the land register, it is divided into the two cadastral communities Oberbaumgarten and Unterbaumgarten (see Vienna cadastral communities )
geography
Baumgarten is located to the west of the Penzing district , which is also located on the Wien River , but like this one in the east of the Penzing district, around seven kilometers from the city center of Vienna. At 198 m, the lowest point is on Baumgartenstrasse or in the even lower bed of the Wien River, on whose right, southern bank the district border runs. Due to its location in the Wiental valley, the lower areas are near the Wien river in the south and the higher areas in the north of Baumgarten; a north-south descent of the site is still recognizable today despite the dense development. Baumgartner Höhe is located in the Steinhof recreation area , but the highest point at 339 m already belongs to the Hütteldorf cadastral community .
Cadastral communities
The Oberbaumgarten located upstream on the Wien River, i.e. to the west, borders Hütteldorf to the north and west and the Hietzing districts of Hacking and Ober-St.-Veit across the Wien River to the south . Downstream to the east of Oberbaumgarten is Unterbaumgarten, which also borders Hütteldorf in the north, the Breitensee district in the northeast, the Penzing district in the east and Unter-St.-Veit in the Hietzing district in the south, across the river .
The cadastral municipality of Oberbaumgarten covers an area of 89.85 hectares and Unterbaumgarten extends over an area of 102.21 hectares, of which three hectares are on the other side of the Vienna River in Hietzing. In the spelling of Ober-Baumgarten and Unter-Baumgarten there are also two census districts of the official statistics, the boundaries of which, however, are not identical to those of the cadastral communities. The counting district Ober-Baumgarten consists of nine counting districts , the counting district Unter-Baumgarten of ten counting districts.
Since the boundaries of the cadastral communities are not exactly congruent with the district boundary, part of Unterbaumgarten is in the 13th district, in particular the area around the Unter St. Veit underground station .
history
Baumgarten was first mentioned around 1195 under the name Pomerio . Herimanus de Pomerio was named as a witness on a document in which a dispute over a vineyard near Vienna is dealt with ; At the same time, the place names Pomgarten and Paungarten appeared. At that time there was mainly arable land here, with vineyards in the higher north. Otherwise, fruit growing was still quite modest at that time.
Baumgarten was subordinate to two manors: Unterbaumgarten ( lower manor ) to the imperial forest authority Purkersdorf , Oberbaumgarten ( upper manor ) until 1790 to the Benedictine monastery of Formbach in Bavaria , then changing landowners; last landlord of Oberbaumgarten 1846–1848 was Johann Simon Freiherr von Sina .
The Wienenvurt (a ford ) existed in the Wien River near Baumgarten . In 1645 the plague epidemic in Baumgarten claimed numerous lives. During the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the farmers' settlement, at that time far away from the walled city of Vienna , was badly damaged.
The Linzer Straße , the historic trunk road from Vienna westwards towards Linz and Salzburg , led (and leads) through Baumgarten . (Until 1894 it was simply called Hauptstraße in Baumgarten .) In the Middle Ages it was called Poststraße because it was used to deliver mail to Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf . The streets of Hütteldorfer Straße already ran parallel to Linzer Straße in the Middle Ages, but Hütteldorfer Straße in the Baumgartens area was not built up until 1880. Baumgarten has long been a line village , there were few dead ends to the Vienna River . Not least because of the flood risk of the Vienna River, which was still quite extensive at that time, the areas down to the river were mainly used as pastureland or floodplain and remained undeveloped until the Vienna River was regulated. The growth of the village was primarily limited to the area north of Linzer Straße. Only after the incorporation in 1892 were the other, up to then unobstructed areas built on. For example, the Gruschaplatz in its current form was only built in 1912 after the new parish church was consecrated there in 1908.
General Andreas Hadik built a castle in Oberbaumgarten in 1779, on the area of which a well-known casino was to be built in the 19th century ( Casino Baumgarten ). Ober- and Unterbaumgarten became their own parish together in the course of the Josephine reforms in 1784. In 1786 the first part of the Baumgartner cemetery , which was enlarged several times , was built and is still occupied today.
In 1804, to supply the suburbs of Vienna, not the village, the Albertine aqueduct running through Baumgarten was completed, the first with a large-scale pipe network in the history of Vienna's water supply .
In 1850 the city moved closer: the suburbs up to today's belt were incorporated; the suburbs became autonomous local parishes. Ober- and Unterbaumgarten were combined to form the municipality of Baumgarten in 1850. In the period from 1869 to 1890, the number of houses in the municipality doubled from 95 to 237, and the number of inhabitants tripled from 1151 to 3526.
In 1875 the Baumgartner Bad , a simple summer bath with a lawn, was opened between the Westbahn and Wienfluss . It was taken over by the city council in 1938 and existed until 1997.
Decided in 1890, the Viennese suburbs on the right bank of the Danube were incorporated into Vienna on January 1, 1892. Baumgarten became part of the new 13th district, Hietzing, together with Hütteldorf and Hietzing , Ober- and Unter-St.-Veit , Hacking , Lainz , Speising and Schönbrunn . In 1894, seven streets were renamed Baumgarten to avoid double naming in the larger urban area; Linzer Strasse was named as one of the seven.
Until 1900, at Linzer Straße 232, opposite the old Baumgartner parish church , which was demolished in 1908, was the Baumgarten municipal office, which functioned as such until December 31, 1891; today there is a city school there. Today's parish church on the Gruschaplatz named in 1912 (at Linzer Straße 259, next to the old, smaller, one-tower church), which is visible from afar, was built in 1906–1908.
In 1901 the city administration built the Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Landwehr barracks at Hütteldorfer Strasse 188 for the kk Landwehr , the Cisleithan territorial forces . It was taken over by the City of Vienna in 1920 and converted into a retirement home, today's Baumgarten Geriatric Center. During the Second World War there was a reserve hospital here.
After Austria was " annexed " to the "Third Reich" in 1938, Baumgarten and the other districts of Hietzing north of the Vienna River were separated from the 13th district, Hietzing, and incorporated into NS- Greater Vienna in the new 14th district, Penzing . The municipal district office responsible for Baumgarten for the 13th and 14th district was located in the 13th district (Hietzing town hall) until 2016. From the persecution of the Jews to the bombing war, Baumgarten then shared the fate of Vienna (see here ).
During heavy American bombing raids on February 19 and 21, 1945, bomb carpets hit the Stadtbahn , the Westbahn and the residential area in their area. In the first half of April 1945 Vienna was liberated by the Red Army ; From September 1, 1945, Baumgarten was part of the 14th district until July 27, 1955 in the French sector of the city, which also included the 6th district and the neighboring districts 15 and 16, but not the 14th district since 1938 Hadersdorf-Weidlingau , which belonged to the Soviet zone (Lower Austria) under occupation law.
In 1911 the still existing residential building at "Baumgartner Spitz", in Hütteldorfer Strasse 359 and Linzer Strasse 320, was built with 12 apartments. The Hugo-Breitner-Hof , Linzer Straße 299–329, named in 1952 and officially opened in 1954, was built between 1949 and 1956 with over 1500 apartments for around 5000 residents. The residential construction activity in Baumgarten led to the fact that in 1963/1964 the Oberbaumgartner parish church , Hütteldorfer Strasse 282–284, was built in addition to the existing church . The Roman Catholic parish Oberbaumgarten was founded in 1966, the previous Baumgarten parish was now referred to as the Unterbaumgarten parish. Both parishes were united in 2019 to form the Parish of Holy Mother Teresa.
The appearance of Baumgarten changed significantly from the early 1960s. The old, historical building structure from the 19th century became increasingly dilapidated, not least because of the Second World War. During this time, most of the old farmhouses gave way to new residential buildings. The zoning and development plan established in 1966 ensured uniform structures, especially on Linzer Straße. The last remaining vacant lots were closed until the 1990s. Today there are only very few historical houses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are mainly visible from their protrusions over the rest of the building.
In 1997 the Baumgartner Bad , a summer bath that had existed for over 120 years, was closed.
Population development
The oldest house census from Baumgarten comes from the year 1321. Nine farmsteads are listed in a deed of purchase, these are said to be located in the area Zehetnergasse - Pachmanngasse. By 1572 the number of houses doubled to 19. In 1800 there were 57 houses with 368 inhabitants. With the beginning of industrialization and the construction of the Western Railway, however, the situation changed fundamentally. By the end of the 19th century, the population increased tenfold to 3,526 people with 237 houses. Today around 32,000 people live in the two cadastral communities of Oberbaumgarten and Unterbaumgarten, which makes up a little more than a third of the district's total population.
Means of transport
- railroad
In 1858 the Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Bahn , today's Westbahn , was opened from Vienna to Linz. It runs between its stations in Vienna Penzing and Vienna Hütteldorf , both today with S-Bahn service , in an elevated position through Baumgarten; until 1950 there was a stop. (The travel time from the Westbahnhof to Baumgarten was nine minutes in 1901, from Hütteldorf to Baumgarten three minutes.) The construction of the railway led to a large influx of people into the town. In Baumgarten, the connecting line from the south from the south line, today also with S-Bahn service, has been flowing in a curve into the west line towards Hütteldorf.
- tram
In 1885, the Neue Wiener Tramway-Gesellschaft built a horse-drawn tram on Hütteldorfer Strasse, which was supplemented by the Breitensee – Hütteldorf steam tramway on Linzer Strasse west of the Baumgartner Spitz, where Hütteldorfer Strasse joins. The line was switched to electrical operation in 1903. Line 49 ( Bellaria - or Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring - Hütteldorf) has been operating here since 1907 . In 1903, an electric tram line was built in Linzer Strasse from Johnstrasse (today the border with the 15th district) to Baumgartner Spitz; it has been used by line 52 since 1907 (originally from the Ring , Babenbergerstraße , today Westbahnhof- Baumgarten). This made the city center easily accessible from Baumgarten. In 2005, low-floor wagons ( ULF ) were used for the first time on line 49 , and in 2007 also on line 52.
- Light rail and subway
On June 1, 1898, directly south of the southern border of the district and Baumgarten, on the southern, right bank of the Vienna River, parallel to it, the Upper Wiental Line of the Vienna Steam City Railway went into operation, which was replaced by the Vienna Electric City Railway in 1925 (see also here ). It served the Unter St. Veit-Baumgarten stop at the Baumgarten Bridge across the river ; the Baumgarten part of the name was no longer used after 1945. In 1981 the newly built stop was opened as an underground station on the U4 line.
- Bus line
In the 1980s, the bus line 47A was set up on behalf of Wiener Linien , which runs from the Ober-St.-Veit and Unter-St.-Veit underground stations across to tram lines 52 and 49 through Baumgarten to Baumgartner Höhe . It leads to the U4 through Hochsatzengasse in Oberbaumgarten and from the U4 through Zehetnergasse in Unterbaumgarten and connects the Baumgartner Friedhof to the two tram lines and the U4.
Buildings
- On the Baumgartner Höhe above Baumgarten there is a lung sanatorium and the Steinhof Psychiatric Hospital, which was built between 1905 and 1907 (at that time the Lower Austrian state mental institution ).
- The Steinhof Church designed by Otto Wagner is one of the most important sacred buildings of the Viennese Art Nouveau .
- The neo-Romanesque Baumgartner parish church on Gruschaplatz was built in 1906–1908.
- The Roman Catholic Oberbaumgartner parish church designed by Johann Georg Gsteu and built in 1963/1964 is an example of modern church architecture .
- The ballroom of the Baumgarten casino, Linzer Strasse 297, corner of Hochsatzengasse, and the casino park are used for events.
The house in which the painter Gustav Klimt was born on July 14th, 1862, stood between today's traffic areas of Zehetnergasse and Gruschaplatz, at today's address Linzer Straße 247 . In 1965 it had to make way for a residential complex. Today a plaque commemorates Klimt at this point. The house where he was born is said to have stood where Stiege 3 of the extensive residential complex is today. Klimt's parents and his brother Ernst are buried in the Baumgartner Friedhof; the grave still exists today.
economy
There used to be numerous factories in Baumgarten, but today, with the exception of the narrow strip between the Westbahn and Wienfluss, the place is mainly residential. In 1878 the English Imperial Continental Gas Association built the Baumgarten gasworks , which was in operation until 1912. The Baumgarten gas meter was built by the municipal gas works on Hackinger Strasse in 1932 or 1933 between the bridges of the connecting railway (between Guldengasse and Zehetnergasse) . This was demolished in 1983. A few hundred meters out of town, at the corner of Hackinger Strasse and Hochsatzengasse, was the Baumgartner Bad , which was closed in 1997.
literature
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 1: A – Da. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-218-00543-4 , pp. 284-285 (and other volumes).
- Hertha Wohlrab: Penzing: History of the 14th district of Vienna and its old places. Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-224-16209-0 .
- Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Tram in Vienna - the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow. Verlag Josef Otto Slezak, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-900134-00-6 .
Web links
Auhof (part north of Vienna) |
Baumgarten (KG Ober- and KG Unterbaumgarten) |
Breitensee |
Hadersdorf-Weidlingau (KG Hadersdorf and KG Weidlingau) |
Hütteldorf |
Penzing
a small part of Hacking lies north of Vienna
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ' N , 16 ° 17' E