Dr. Karl Renner Ring
| Dr. Karl Renner Ring | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner City (1st District) |
| Created | 1870 |
| Hist. Names | Franzensring, Ring des 12 November, Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring, Josef-Bürckel-Ring, Parliament ring |
| Connecting roads | Burgring, Universitätsring |
| Cross streets | Bellariastraße , Stadiongasse |
| Places | Schmerlingplatz |
| Buildings | Palais Epstein , parliament building , republic monument , Volksgarten |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , bicycle traffic , car traffic , tram lines D, 1, 2, 46, 49, 71, bus line 48A |
| Road design | three-lane main carriageway (one-way clockwise) with one track on the outside and a secondary carriageway on the side further away from the center |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 240 m |
The Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring is a street in the first Viennese district , the Inner City . It is part of the Vienna Ringstrasse and was named in 1956 after the first State Chancellor of the Republic of German Austria and head of the first, provisional government of the Second Republic and Austrian Federal President Karl Renner .
history
In the Middle Ages, the area of today's Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring belonged to the suburb in front of the Widmertor outside the Vienna city wall . It had been part of the glacis , the unspoilt field of fire in front of the wall , since the 16th century . From 1783 , the parade and parade ground of the military was located on the part of the glacis that is bounded by today's traffic areas Schmerlingplatz and Universitätsstraße . Opposite the parade ground, the castle hill had been located since 1639.
The French blew up this part of the fortifications in the course of the coalition wars in 1809 , from which particularly fierce resistance had been offered. The castle hill was not rebuilt after the French withdrew. The Volksgarten was built in its place and the Hornwerkskurtine was built to separate it from the parade ground.
At Christmas 1857, Emperor Franz Joseph I decided to demolish the fortifications that had meanwhile become militarily obsolete and which surrounded the city of Vienna and to build the Ringstrasse as a prestigious boulevard in their place. At first, however, the parade ground remained unaffected, it was not allowed to be obstructed. Only after intensive efforts by the mayor of Vienna, Cajetan von Felder , did the military give up their resistance to the use of this unsightly place, which despite its new name as Josefstädter Paradeplatz, depending on the weather, had resembled a sandy desert or a mire.
In 1870 this section of the former glacis was allowed to be built. The corresponding part of the Ringstrasse was named after the first emperor of Austria Franzensring and extended from Schmerlingplatz to Schottengasse . The monumental buildings of parliament, Burgtheater, town hall and university, which form the epitome of Viennese historicism on the Ringstrasse, expressed the self-image and self-confidence of the Viennese bourgeoisie.
The location of the parliament (at that time the Reichsratsgebäude ) and town hall on Franzensring often led to marches and demonstrations on the ring for political reasons and to changes in the name of this section several times. So on July 9th, 1891, there was a big rally here. After the end of the First World War , the proclamation of the republic took place in parliament on November 12, 1918 . This also led to the first renaming of the street, which was then called the Ring of November 12th .
1,921 marched Viennese Social Democrats on May 1 for the first time on the ring road and held their final rally in the town square from. Since 1926 there has been a torchlight procession of the young workers on the evening before May 1st. On the day of the fire in the nearby Palace of Justice , on July 15, 1927, the clashes between demonstrators and police also took place on the Ring of November 12th.
The Christian corporate state dictatorship in 1934 tried to make the section of the Ringstrasse, which had meanwhile become so symbolic for the Social Democrats, invisible by dividing it up and renaming it. The part of the previous Ring of November 12 between Stadiongasse and Schottengasse was now called Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring , the part of the Burgring between Bellariastraße and Schmerlingplatz was separated from it and added to the newly created Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring , which reached from Bellariastraße to Stadiongasse. This sectoral structure of the Ringstrasse has been preserved to this day.
The renaming of the ring road section in front of the Parliament, once regime change continued after the seizure of power by the National Socialists continued. In 1940 they renamed the Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring to Josef-Bürckel-Ring . Josef Bürckel acted as Reich Commissioner for the reunification of Austria with the Reich in 1938 and was Reich Governor of the Ostmark and Gauleiter of Vienna from 1939 to 1940 . (The old rule of naming traffic areas only after the deceased was ignored by the Nazi regime. At that time, Rathausplatz became Adolf-Hitler-Platz.)
At the end of the Second World War and the National Socialist regime, the last renaming was reversed, so that from April 27, 1945 the street again bore the name previously used by Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring. But since Ignaz Seipel was a controversial politician who was not loved by the Social Democrats, the Social Democratic city administration changed to the neutral name of the Parliamentary Ring in 1949 .
When the name Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring , which is still valid today, was finally chosen in 1956 , no one suspected that this name would also lead to discussions fifty years later. With Karl Renner, one of the leading men of Austrian social democracy had been elected, but at the same time the symbolic figure for both republics and thus an extremely deserving and universally accepted personality from the point of view of that time. With the discussion and subsequent renaming of the adjacent Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring to Universitätsring due to Lueger's anti-Semitism, the person Renner also came into focus. In recent years, the ÖVP has repeatedly called for the name to be returned to the parliamentary ring , referring to Renner's consent to the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich in 1938 and alleged anti-Semitic statements .
Location and characteristics
The Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring begins at the confluence with Bellariastraße and ends on the south side of the Rathausplatz or Park, to which the Stadiongasse connects after the side of the Parliament. In the course of the Ringstrasse it continues the Burgring and leads over to the Universitätsring .
At Schmerlingplatz, the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring bends to the right and goes straight north past the parliament building. Like the other sections of the Ringstrasse, the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring is a three - lane, clockwise one - way street . The lanes are flanked on both sides by a tram track; the track on the outskirts of the city is driven counterclockwise. In the direction of the city there are two rows of trees, which divide two wide pedestrian paths and a cycle path as part of the cycle ring path. On the outward side of the city, a short side lane runs between Bellariastraße and Schmerlingplatz, which is currently only available to public transport (terminus of tram lines 46 and 49 and bus line 48A, all three of which are on their way from here to the west of Vienna) and cyclists. In front of the parliament building, on the other hand, there is a wide, free and paved area up to the tram tracks, which can be used by pedestrians and cyclists, but also allows cars to enter if necessary.
Between Bellariastraße and Schmerlingplatz there is a stop and transfer point that is very important for public transport. This is where the exit to the Volkstheater underground station of the U3 and U2 lines is located . At the same time, the roadway of the ring can be crossed under here. On the inside of the city is the tram stop "Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring" for lines 1, 2, 71 and D in the north, on the outside of the city there is the stop of the lines mentioned in the opposite direction and the mentioned terminus of lines 46, 49 and 48A. At the other end of the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring there is another, less frequented tram stop called “Stadiongasse” for the ring lines. The track systems of the ring lines and those of the 46 and 49 are connected to each other so that they can be rerouted in the event of traffic obstacles.
Pedestrians are very numerous on the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring. Locals mainly use the stations mentioned, tourists visit the sights located here, with Parliament and the Pallas-Athene statue in front of them being preferred photo motifs. The mentioned free space between Parliament and the street is also often used for smaller political demonstrations and rallies.
The inner side of the city of Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring is unobstructed - this is where the Volksgarten is located. On the outside of the city are the two historic buildings of the Palais Epstein and the Parliament, the latter one of the most important monumental buildings in the Ringstrasse zone. Both buildings were designed by Theophil von Hansen . Due to this loose development, in which the parliament building is also clearly behind the course of the street, the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring appears generously wide, as it is not lined or narrowed by tall buildings.
All buildings on Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring are under monument protection .
Buildings
No. 1: Palais Epstein
→ see also main article Palais Epstein
The building, which stands in a very exposed position on three sides between Bellariastraße and Schmerlingplatz, was built by Theophil von Hansen from 1868 to 1871 for the banker Gustav Ritter von Epstein in the form of the Viennese neo-Renaissance style. At that time it was still on the Burgring. Epstein had to sell the palace in 1873 due to the stock market crash . In 1902 it became the seat of the Administrative Court and in 1922 of the Vienna City School Board . During the Nazi era, the building department of the Reichsstatthalterei was located here and then the central command of the Soviet occupying power. After its departure, it was again the seat of the Vienna City School Council until 2000, and has since been used as an annex building to the parliament, which is suffering from space problems.
There are memorial plaques on the building for the psychologists Karl Bühler and Charlotte Bühler (1995) and for the social democratic school reformer Otto Glöckel from 1954 with his bronze portrait relief by Erich Pieler. Another memorial plaque from 1993 reminds that the Soviet military command was located here.
No. 3: Parliament building
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→ see also main article Parliament building (Vienna)
Perhaps the most eye-catching building in the Ringstrasse zone was built in the neoclassical style between 1874 and 1883 by the architect Theophil von Hansen . The Reichsrat , which was formed in 1861, had to stay in temporary premises until the completion date. After the end of the monarchy, the National and Federal Councils of the Republic moved into the building in which they still work today, with the interruption of the dictatorship years 1934 to 1945. Since major damage to the building has now occurred, the house will be fundamentally renovated from 2015 to 2017.
The parliament building is free-standing between Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring, Stadiongasse, Reichsratsstraße and Schmerlingplatz. The main facade is gleaming white, although the architect actually intended a polychrome facade. The central, raised hall wing is accentuated by colossal free-standing columns and a triangular gable. In the center of the gable you can see Emperor Franz Joseph I , who gives the constitution to the 17 crown lands of Austria. This relief was created by Edmund von Hellmer from 1879 to 1888. Below the gable on the rear wall of the portico is a glass mosaic frieze on a gold background that shows Austria with the crown lands by Eduard Lebiedzki who pay homage to her from 1900 to 1902. At the portico there is also the bust of Theophil Hansen by Hugo Haerdtl (1905), as well as memorial plaques for persecuted members of the House, the presidents of the provisional national assembly from 1918 and Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The lower side wings are structured by Corinthian columns on the upper floor. The bronze squares, led by winged niks , above the hall buildings, which were created by Vincenz Pilz from 1879 to 1882, are visible from afar .
A double-armed driveway ramp leads to the portico of the main facade, on the pillars of which eight figures of Greek and Roman historians sit. They are starting from the left: Thucydides by Richard Kauffungen (1896), Xenophon by Hugo Haerdtl (1899), Herodotus by Karl Schwerzek (1898), Polybios by Alois Düll (1899), Titus Livius by Josef Lax (1900), Tacitus von Karl Sterrer (1898), Sallust by Wilhelm Seib (1896) and Gaius Iulius Caesar by Josef Beyer (1898). At the foot of the ramps are four horse tamers by Josef Lax, which were designed as early as 1882, but were not executed until 1898 to 1901.
The Pallas-Athene-Brunnen by Carl Kundmann (1898–1902) stands in the center of the portico and ramp . The statue of Pallas Athene , symbol of wisdom, holds a Nike statuette. At their feet are the allegories of the legislative and executive branches by Josef Tautenhayn (1896) and on the pedestal the main rivers of the monarchy, Danube and Inn by Hugo Haerdtl, Moldau and Elbe by Carl Kundmann.
Republic monument
→ see also main article republic monument
Located between Palais Epstein and Parliament in front of the gusset of Schmerlingplatz, the republic monument was created in 1928 on the tenth anniversary of the proclamation of the republic. It shows the busts of the social democratic politicians Jakob Reumann (by Franz Seifert ), Victor Adler (by Anton Hanak ) and Ferdinand Hanusch (by Carl Wollek ) on three plinths . An inscription behind it reads: The memory of the establishment of the republic on 12 November 1918 . When the monument was created, the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring was still called the Ring of November 12th. In 1934 the memorial was dismantled by the corporate state regime and only re-erected in 1948. Official wreaths are laid here every year.
Volksgarten
→ see also main article Volksgarten (Vienna)
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The Volksgarten is located on the inner side of the city of Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring. This park was opened in 1823, so it was built before the Ringstrasse was built. It was designed by Ludwig von Remy and belonged to the Hofburg , but was open to the public from 1825 (hence the name). After the Hornwerkskurtine surrounding the park had been razed, Franz Antoine the Younger extended the park to the Ringstrasse, in contrast to the existing part, which was designed as an English landscape garden, in the French Rococo style. Moritz Löhr created the enclosure for the Volkspark. The park is therefore separated from the Ringstrasse by a fence and can only be entered from here through small entrances across from Bellariastrasse and Stadiongasse. Behind the fence, on the side facing the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring, there is a rose garden with over 3000 rose bushes and more than 200 types of roses (including a more than eighty-year-old rose bush from the house where Karl Renner was born in Unter-Tannowitz in Moravia ) and the Grillparzerdenkmal by Carl Kundmann (1889). On the fence of the Public Garden, across from the Parliament, the Memorial to the former chancellor in 1967 Julius Raab of Clemens Holzmeister created. The portrait relief comes from Toni Schneider-Manzell .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20130703_OTS0156/kopf-umbennung-des-renner-rings-in-parlamentsring
- ^ ÖVP wants to rename "Renner-Ring". In: derStandard.at. April 13, 2013, accessed December 9, 2017 .
literature
- Richard Perger : streets, towers and bastions. The road network of the Vienna City in its development and its name . Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7005-4628-9 , p. 37
- Felix Czeike (Ed.): Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 2, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 104 ( digitized version ).
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Verlag Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 , p. 673
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 27.2 " N , 16 ° 21 ′ 35.3" E