State Chancellor (Austria)

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The title of State Chancellor was used in the Habsburg Monarchy and in republican Austria .

monarchy

From 1742 to 1753 the office was held by Anton Corfiz Ulfeldt . His successor Wenzel Anton Graf Kaunitz was from 1753 to 1792 as house, court and state chancellor responsible for Austrian foreign policy under Maria Theresa , Joseph II. And Leopold II . At that time, the western part of the monarchy was still part of the Holy Roman Empire . The term house refers to the House of Habsburg , since 1765, when Joseph II became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and co-regent of his mother Maria Theresa in Austria, to the House of Habsburg-Lothringen . The court was in Vienna .

In the Austrian Empire, founded in 1804 , Count Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich , from 1813 Prince Metternich, held this title under Emperors Franz I and Ferdinand I from 1821 until the outbreak of the revolution in March 1848 . Its main task was to secure the power of the monarchy also the foreign policy. His anti-liberal policy, which was also adopted by many other states of the German Confederation , was summarized under the term Metternich's system .

republic

When German Austria was founded on October 30, 1918, the members of the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria elected the State Council as the executive committee, and this elected the Renner I state government , which was headed and coordinated by the Social Democratic State Chancellor Karl Renner . The ministers were designated as state secretaries. The Renner II and Renner III cabinets were followed on July 7, 1920 by the Christian Socialist Michael Mayr as State Chancellor ( State Government Mayr I ) , as agreed by the coalition .

When the federal constitutional law came into force on November 10, 1920 , Mayr became the first Federal Chancellor (see Federal Government Mayr II ); the previous state secretaries were now designated as federal ministers, the previous undersecretaries as state secretaries. These function names were in use until March 13, 1938.

On April 27, 1945, the Republic of Austria was re-established with the declaration of independence . The three parties involved, ÖVP , SPÖ and KPÖ , set up the Provisional State Government on the same day , which was again headed by Karl Renner as State Chancellor. On December 19, 1945, the Federal Constitutional Law came into full effect again; Renner was elected Federal President and appointed Leopold Figl (ÖVP) on December 20, 1945 as the first Federal Chancellor of the Second Republic ( Federal Government Figl I ).

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