Schottengasse
| Schottengasse | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna Inner City |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | 12./13. Century |
| Newly designed | 1862 |
| Hist. Names | At the Schottentor, Inside Schottentor, To the Schotten, Against the Schottentor, In the Schotten, Street to the Schottentor |
| Connecting roads | Herrengasse (in the south), Währinger Straße (in the north) |
| Cross streets | Helferstorferstrasse, Mölker Steig , Mölker Bastei , Schottenbastei , Wiener Ringstrasse , Maria-Theresien-Strasse |
| Places | Freyung , Rooseveltplatz |
| Buildings | Schottenstift , Melker Hof , Creditanstalt-Bankverein , Palais Ephrussi |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , underground line U2, tram line 1, D, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, bus line 1A |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 330 meters |
The Scots alley located on the 1st Viennese district , the Inner City . It has existed since the Middle Ages, its current form of name has existed since 1795. The street is named after the Viennese Schottenstift , which is located on Schottengasse.
history
Originally, Schottengasse was only half its current length and stretched from Freyung with the Schottenstift founded around 1155 to today's Helferstorferstraße, where the Schottentor was once located as part of Vienna's city fortifications. At the time of the founding of the monastery, this area was still outside the city limits of Vienna, but with the construction of a new Vienna city wall in the 12th century, it was extended to the Schottentor , which was already known as porta Scotorum ("Schottentor") in 1276 . In 1339 the name Beim Schottentor is proven for the alley, 1385 Inside Schottentor , 1563 Zu den Schotten , 1664 Against the Schottentor , 1776 In den Schotten and 1786 Straße nach dem Schottentor , until the current form of the name finally prevailed in 1795. Although Schottengasse was only short and narrow, it has always had an important function as an arterial road to the north of Vienna. When the Schottentor was demolished in the course of the razing of the Vienna city wall and the construction of the Vienna Ringstrasse in 1862, Schottengasse was extended in a straight line to Maria-Theresien-Strasse, where it then merged into Währinger Strasse .
Location and characteristics
Schottengasse leads from Freyung in a north-westerly direction to the border of Vienna's 9th district, Alsergrund , at Maria-Theresien-Straße. She crosses the Vienna Ringstrasse . To the south it continues in Herrengasse and to the north in Währinger Straße. In keeping with its historical development, Schottengasse shows two completely different faces. The older part is tight and narrow between the monumental buildings of Schottenstift and Melkerhof. This section is a one-way street into the city. The newer part of the street, on the other hand, is wide and almost looks like a space. It is characterized by representative palaces and bank buildings from the 19th and 20th centuries. This section of road is used in both directions and also has a side lane between Mölkerbastei and Ringstrasse. This section in particular is heavily used by cars, but the narrow, older part is also an important traffic connection as the entrance to the inner city. One of the most important public transport hubs is located at the intersection of Ringstrasse and Schottengasse. This is where the Schottentor underground station of the U2 line is located , stops for the tram lines 1, 71 and D, which run on the Ringstrasse, and the terminus of the tram lines 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44 and the which lead to the north-western districts The terminus of bus line 1A, which runs almost the entire length of Schottengasse towards the center of the city. There is also a large taxi stand in Schottengasse and a cycle path along the entire length of the street. All of this also leads to a large number of pedestrians in Schottengasse, which is one of the most frequented access roads into the inner city for locals and tourists. In addition to the area around the Ringstrasse, there are also numerous well-known shops and restaurants in Schottengasse. There is a very small green area in front of the Mölker Steig.
Significant buildings
No. 1 Former Allgemeine Depositenbank
At the beginning of Schottengasse, at the corner of Teinfaltstrasse, is the building of the former Allgemeine Depositenbank. It was built by Emil von Förster in the late historic style in 1892/93 . Particularly emphasized is the beveled corner risalit with giant Corinthian pilasters and half-columns, crowned with a group of sculptures showing Fortuna with two putti . At the height of the first floor , balconies with beautiful bars are also noteworthy. Overall, the building is divided into a high base zone with arched windows and just roofed pilaster portals, an upper floor zone with colossal iron and arched windows and an attic zone . Inside, the marble-clad foyer with its groin vault should be highlighted, as well as the staircase with a cast iron railing on a marble plinth in the stairwell. The building is owned by a foundation left by Karl Wlaschek in 2015 .
No. 2 Schottenstift
The Schottenstift played an important role in the history of Vienna. When Heinrich II Jasomirgott from Babenberg moved his residence from Klosterneuburg to Vienna, he founded the church and monastery in 1155 with Irish monks ( called Scots ), whom he brought from Regensburg . The monastery was located on Steinfeld along the Alsbach in the immediate vicinity of the ducal seat Am Hof , but still outside the borders of Vienna, which did not include the Schottenstift until 1200. The monastery, which was only allowed to be occupied by Irish Scottish monks, received extensive privileges and property. Duke Heinrich Jasomirgott and his family were buried in the collegiate church. After the last Irish monks withdrew to Regensburg due to a lack of young people, the monastery was repopulated with local Benedictines , but kept its already traditional name. Due to strict ascetic rules of the order after the Melk monastery reform and in the time of the Counter Reformation, the monastery began to flourish again. There has always been a close relationship with the University of Vienna, and theology and science were particularly encouraged. As early as 1310 the monks ran a monastery school here, the Schottengymnasium , founded in 1807, was attended by numerous students who later became famous. In 1945 the Austrian People's Party was founded in the prelate hall of the Schottenstift . In addition to the Schottenkirche , the art collection of the monastery with the Viennese Schotten Altar and the library with its 130,000 volumes of books, including numerous manuscripts and incunabula , are particularly noteworthy.
The Schottenstift, the main facade of which is on Freyung 6, consists of a spacious complex of mostly 5-6 storey buildings around large courtyards. In the late Middle Ages, at the latest, this complex reached as far as Schottengasse. Today the Abt-Schmitzberger-Trakt between Schottengasse and Großem Schottenhof is the largest of its kind. After the collegiate church was rebuilt in baroque style from 1638, the tract on Schottengasse was also rebuilt from 1673 to 1681. The abbot lived here, but large parts of the building were also rented out. The building received its current classical exterior shape through the renovations by Joseph Kornhäusel . From 1826 to 1832 he carried out an increase and a new facade. The central and side projections hardly stand out on the long and simple facade. The gabled central risalit has an ionic pilaster structure. There were originally two passages on the sides, but they were walled up.
No. 3–3a Melker Hof
The Melker Hof comes from the late Gothic period. In 1514 a chapel dedicated to Saints Leopold and Koloman was built. In 1631 the Melkerhof was expanded. Finally, between 1769 and 1774 , Josef Gerl redesigned the complex into the oldest modern rental building in Vienna. At the same time, a lower extension was built on Mölker Steig 4. Ernst Koch carried out adaptations in 1813/14, Franz Schlirholz added a fourth floor to the building in 1862/63.
The Melker Hof is a baroque-classical monastery courtyard, which originally stood free on three sides and was laid out around 4 inner courtyards. The mighty facade is only structured by flat risalits. At the level of the piano nobile, windows suspected to be triangular and segmented gable alternate with masks and panel decoration. On the upper floors, the windows are lined up in a row and are set apart from one another by decorative panels. The two pilaster portals show masks at their shoulder arch openings, above there are vases and Melker coat of arms with abbot busts on cornices. The facades of the inner courtyards are partially grooved and have pilaster strips and panel decoration . In the 2nd courtyard there is a memorial plaque for the Melkerhof bomb victims in 1944.
The well-known Melker Stiftskeller is located in the building. It is one of the oldest wine cellars in Vienna. The groin-vaulted one-pillar room dates from the time it was built. In the back wing there is a remarkable sala terrena with a ceiling painting by Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl depicting putti with a basket of flowers. In the adjoining dining room there is the so-called Schwind-Stüberl with wall paintings by Günter Frank and Marianne Cornelius, which show Franz Schubert and Moritz von Schwind with muses.
The former abbot's apartment with a Rococo stucco ceiling and paintings of Saints Sebastian , Nicholas and Rochus from the first half of the 17th century is located on the first floor of the 6th staircase . Here you can also get to the important Rococo chapel Mariae Himmelfahrt by Josef Gerl, which was consecrated in 1773. The hall building with rounded corners opens up on the back wall on the upper floor through 3 arches to a gallery above the sacristy. The remarkable illusionistic ceiling paintings are by Johann Bergl. The important high altar shows the picture of the Assumption by Martin Johann Schmidt from 1773. The gilded sculptures of the apostles Peter and Paul attached to the side are in the manner of Johann Georg the village master . The paintings on the side altars are also by Martin Johann Schmidt, on the left Martyrdom of St. Coloman and on the right The dying St. Benedict . The important wood-carved Melkerhof crucifix from the end of the 12th century was transferred to Melk Abbey in 1989 .
There is a well-known Gexi Tostmann costume shop in the building .
No. 4 post-war building
The youngest building on Schottengasse was built between 1949 and 1950 by Heinrich Schmid and Hermann Aichinger . The cubic staggered facade is particularly remarkable. The well-known Kuppitsch bookstore has been located in the building since 1971 . The house is owned by a foundation left by Karl Wlaschek in 2015 .
No. 6-8 Former Creditanstalt-Bankverein
The monumental and representative bank building is a major work by the architects Ernst Gotthilf and Alexander Neumann and was created for the Vienna Bank Corporation from 1909 to 1912 . For this purpose, a ring road had to be demolished from 1861 to 1863, this was the first demolition in the ring road zone. The building itself was built in the secessionist-neoclassical style and erected free-standing in the exposed location on the corner of Schottenring and Schottengasse. Since 1934 it was the headquarters of Creditanstalt-Bankverein , in 2002 it went to Bank Austria .
The building is built around cruciform inner wings and four glass-covered inner courtyards. The central projections stand out clearly on the facades facing Schottenring and Schottengasse. On the corner projections on the Ringstrasse, three-dimensional figures can be seen above triangular gables, each depicting two young men with a ship's bow or globe. The main portal in Schottengasse is a three-axis Doric column portal with door leaves clad in relief. On it are children with fruits and flowers and an inscription with the cities in which the bank branches were located. The doors are signed by O. Csenasek. There are reliefs with seated atlases above the portal and above the first floor . On the same level, mask reliefs are attached to all facades.
Inside, the ticket office is remarkable. Atlases on pillars support a partially stuccoed beam ceiling, underneath are ornamented windows. The switches are clad in wood. Above is the two-storey festival and meeting room, in the anteroom the sculptures Human Cathedral by Fritz Wotruba (1946), Jumping Horse by Herbert Boeckl (1936) and the bronze busts of General Director Josef Joham and Trade Minister Eduard Heinl by Gustinus Ambrosi (around 1950) and 2 tapestries can be seen. For all rooms (office of the general director, office of the president, post reading room, large boardroom, small boardroom, management corridor), special emphasis was placed on the use of solid materials such as different types of marble, metals, precious woods, embossed leather, etc.
No. 7 Graf Hardegg Foundation House
The late-historical, old German style Graf Hardegg'sche Stiftungshaus was built in 1892 by the architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer . Helmet-crowned oriels stand out on the sloping corners , and on the corner of the Mölker Bastei is a relief with putti. The arched portal with Tuscan pilasters is located under a convex balcony on the first floor. There is a foundation plaque in the stuccoed foyer.
No. 9 rear wing of the Palais Ephrussi
Carl Tietz created this building in 1869 based on the Palais Ephrussi by Theophil von Hansen on the corner of Schottengasse / Mölker Bastei, which is located on the Ringstrasse . The harmonized facade design resulted in a building group of aesthetic and formal unity. The entrance and the stairwell are at the Mölker Bastei. Ionic pilasters, stuccolustro fields between illusionistic granite pillars and stucco coffered ceilings can be found here. An antique terracotta statue from Wienerberger Ziegelei stands in the vestibule, which is divided by Corinthian columns. The staircase with its cast iron railing and lion masks is also noteworthy. Luigi Blau redesigned the Demmers Teehaus , also located at the Mölker Bastei, in 1981 with a new gallery.
There is a memorial plaque on the building for the surgeon Anton Eiselsberg , who lived here from 1903 to 1936. Another plaque commemorates the chief of staff of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky , who lived in the house from 1881 to 1920.
No. 10 Former house oil tent
The only building beyond the Ringstrasse was built in 1870 by Anton Ölzelt between Schottenring and Maria-Theresien-Strasse, free-standing on three sides. 1921–1922, Alexander Neumann converted the strictly historical building into a bank building for the Vienna Lombard and Escompte Bank. It is characterized by square corner projections, a Corinthian column portal and neoclassical roof structures. In the foyer there is a three-aisled arcade pillar hall with presented Corinthian columns or pilasters. In the bel étage there are stucco ceilings with mostly no longer preserved paintings by Hans Makart from 1870 to 1872. In the corner salon there is a remarkable stucco coffered ceiling with allegories of architecture, sculpture, painting and activity.
No. 11 Palais Ephrussi
The Palais Ephrussi is located on the corner of Schottengasse and Universitätsring 14. It was built by Theophil von Hansen in 1869–1873 and was his last and most modern palace. Together with Carl Tietz's 9 Schottengasse building behind it, it forms a complete unit. It was built for the banker Ignaz von Ephrussi , at his request with remarkably lavish furnishings, but not as a pure palace, but also with business premises on the ground floor. Since 1969 it has been the headquarters of Casinos Austria .
The building corresponds to the type of Heinrichshof by Theophil Hansen, but dispenses with the central projection. Corner projections are raised like a tower. The salmon red building is crowned by a recessed attic floor with terracotta takaryatids and a gilded balustrade. The rooms on the piano nobile, which are decorated with painting cycles by Christian Griepenkerl , are particularly lavish . The most important ceiling is in the smoking parlor or billiard room, where Zeus' love adventures are depicted, in the dance parlor you can see pictures from the Book of Esther , in the other rooms various allegories. The rooms are also decorated with marble, precious floors and fireplaces.
literature
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Vol. 5. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Verlag Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Karl Wlaschek's real estate in the first district of Vienna , in: Falter (weekly newspaper) , No. 33/2015, August 12, 2015, p. 16
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 47.7 " N , 16 ° 21 ′ 47.5" E