Castle ring
| Castle ring | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner City (1st District) |
| Created | 1863 |
| Connecting roads | Opernring, Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring |
| Cross streets | Eschenbachgasse , Babenbergerstrasse , Bellariastrasse |
| Places | Maria-Theresien-Platz , Heldenplatz |
| Buildings | Museum of Art History , Museum of Natural History , New Castle , Outer Castle Gate |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , bicycle traffic , car traffic , tram lines D, 1, 2, 71, bus line 57A |
| Road design | mostly four-row avenue, three-lane main carriageway with a track on the outside and a secondary carriageway on one side |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 437 m |
The Burgring is a street in the first Viennese district , the Inner City . It is part of Vienna's Ringstrasse and was named after the imperial Hofburg in 1863 .
history
In the Middle Ages, the area of today's Burgring belonged to the suburb in front of the Widmertor outside the Vienna city wall . Since the 16th century it was part of the glacis , the field of fire in front of the wall, and therefore unobstructed.
After parts of the fortifications (Burgschanze, Augustinerschanze and Burgbastei) were blown up by the French in the course of the coalition wars in 1809, the remains were removed, the area leveled and the Hornwerkskurtine was built between 1817 and 1821, roughly along today's right side of the road from the Burgring , a new part of the city wall. The Volksgarten , Heldenplatz and the Burgtor were built on the vacated land .
After Emperor Franz Joseph I decided in 1857 to demolish the city walls and bastions and to build a splendid boulevard around the old town in their place, the entire Hornwerkskurtine was demolished in 1863 and the Burgring opened as an avenue with five rows of trees. It was here that the emperor opened the Ringstrasse in 1865, although some sections were by no means completed at that time.
Since 1868 the castle ring has been used by the horse tramway, since 1898 by the "electric"; see here .
The Burgring, which adjoins the Opernring at Eschenbachgasse , originally extended one block further than it does today, namely to Schmerlingplatz . The small section between Bellariastraße and Schmerlingplatz was cut into the adjoining Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring in 1934 by the corporate state dictatorship ; the Palais Epstein , Burgring 9, hence received the new address Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring 1 (since 1956 Dr. Karl Renner Ring 1).
The construction plans for the Burgring envisaged that an imperial forum should be built here as the imperial heart of the new Ringstrasse , with the two museums facing each other with their main facades ( Kunsthistorisches Museum , Naturhistorisches Museum ) on the outskirts and the Maria-Theresien-Platz in between , on the inside Outer Burgtor should include Heldenplatz and two new wings of the Hofburg, also facing each other. It was also planned to connect the two wings of the Hofburg with the neighboring museums over the Burgring with gate-like arches.
These arches were not realized due to traffic considerations. Of the two planned new Hofburg tracts, only the one next to the Kunsthistorisches Museum was realized for financial reasons, now known as the New Castle and a museum location; it was not finished until the beginning of the First World War . The Heldenplatz is therefore open to the Volksgarten, apart from the wrought-iron bars.
Location and characteristics
The Burgring runs as part of Vienna's Ringstrasse from Eschenbachgasse (before Opernring) to Bellariastrasse (then Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring). The main carriageway , which has been running clockwise as a three - lane one - way street since 1972 , is flanked on both sides by a directional track for the Viennese tram (right-hand traffic regulations since 1938).
The green strip with two rows of avenue trees, footpath and cycle path (formerly with bridle path) separates the side lane of the Burgring, which is driven on in a counter-clockwise direction. It is mainly used to stop coaches, but is also used by buses. On the side closer to the city center, two rows of avenue trees were laid out, under whose branches there are two wide sidewalks and a cycle path, but no side lane for car traffic.
The tram lines D, 1, 2 and 71, which have stops at the beginning and end of the street, operate as public transport on the Burgring, the bus line 57A, which has its terminus in the side lane in front of No. 3, but otherwise not the Burgring as well as the underground line U3 , which has the Volkstheater station at the end of the Burgring, under Bellariastraße .
The mentioned cycle path on both sides of the main carriageway accompanies the entire ring road and forms a main cycle path in Vienna. The pedestrians, who have spacious sidewalks that are inviting to stroll under the trees, are mostly made up of tourists and museum visitors. There is also a taxi stand in the side lane and a Fiaker stand on Heldenplatz.
With the exception of the block between Eschenbachgasse and Babenbergerstraße , which includes residential buildings in the historicist style , the construction of the Burgring consists exclusively of historicist public splendid and prestigious buildings, which were built in the last decades of the 19th century and which house important museums and collections. Thus, the construction of the street offers a uniform stylistic picture. Only the outer castle gate is around 50 years older and can be attributed to late classicism . All buildings on the Burgring are listed .
Outside the Ringstrasse these are the Kunsthistorisches Museum and Naturhistorisches Museum and behind them the MuseumsQuartier , within the Ringstrasse in the Neue Burg the Weltmuseum Wien with its ethnographic collections and immediately afterwards in the Neue Burg the Austrian National Library , the Ephesus Museum , the court hunt and armory and the musical instrument collection.
Since the large parks of the Burggarten and the Volksgarten are connected to the side of the Burgring closer to the city center , the area has a green character, despite the heavy traffic on the main lane, which invites you to stroll and linger. There are some significant monuments and statues in the surrounding squares and green spaces.
At the beginning and at the end of the Burgring there has been a pedestrian passage under the carriageway since the 1960s, of which the one at the beginning, the Babenbergerpassage , was converted into a discotheque, while the one at the end (Bellariapassage) is still part of the subway today -Station Volkstheater consists.
Due to its central location and the proximity of important political places, the Burgring is often used as a route for demonstrations, but also for other major cultural or sporting events.
Buildings
No. 1: residential building
The corner house Burgring / Eschenbachgasse was built in 1862–1863, like the house at No. 3, in the historicist style by Johann Romano von Rings and August Schwendenwein von Lanauberg . The base of the building is rusticated and has arcades . The windows of the facade have recessed wallpaper ; There is a balcony centrally above the portal. Plastic decorative elements, such as wedge stones or capitals, adorn the facade, which is crowned by an attic balustrade . In the driveway you can see a ribbed vault as well as glazed wooden arcades leading to the stairwell. In the courtyard there are pawlats and a polygonal bay window. The shop of a book antiquarian is remarkable, the interior of which dates from 1915. The building is owned by a foundation left by Karl Wlaschek in 2015 .
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In front of No. 2: Burggarten
→ see main article Burggarten (Vienna) On the city-inward side opposite house numbers 1 and 3 is the Burggarten, a historic park that was originally the emperor's private garden. The facility was planned by Ludwig Gabriel von Remy and later redesigned by Franz Antoine the Younger. The castle garden has been bordered by the New Castle since the end of the 19th century. The park includes a pond, a palm house and several monuments. From the Burgring you can see the Mozart monument by Viktor Tilgner , which is also well known by tourists , but it was only moved to this location in 1953. Before that, it was on Albertinaplatz .
No. 2: New Castle
→ see main article Neue Burg
At the Burgring is the side facade of the New Castle, part of the imperial Hofburg, which was built from 1881 to 1923 according to plans by Carl von Hasenauer . After his death, the architects Ludwig Förster , Friedrich Ohmann and finally Ludwig Baumann led the work. The main facade of the Neue Burg faces Heldenplatz. That wing on the Burgring, the Corps de Logis, is a square structure that emerges from the main wing towards Heldenplatz and back towards the castle garden. At Heldenplatz there is a porch with a flat ramp. Numerous allegorical figures adorn the facades on all sides. The building houses the Weltmuseum Wien, the former Museum of Ethnology, which is part of the Kunsthistorisches Museum.
No. 3: residential building
The corner house at Burgring / Babenbergerstraße was built in 1862, like the house at No. 1, in the historicist style by Johann Romano vonringen and August Schwendenwein von Lanauberg. It is at the main address Babenbergerstraße 1–3.
No. 5: Kunsthistorisches Museum
→ see main article Kunsthistorisches Museum
The Art History Museum, which is one of the most important art museums in the world as a collection and one of the most important in the Ringstrasse zone as a building, was built in the neo-Renaissance style by Gottfried Semper and Carl von Hasenauer in 1871–1891 . The side facade of the building is on the Burgring, the main facade of which faces Maria-Theresien-Platz and the Natural History Museum opposite. On the Burgring facade there is an aedicule portal and three central axes with Ionic columns and spandrel figures on the upper floor. Statues by modern artists stand on the attic balustrade. The figures by Moritz von Schwind , Joseph von Führich , Peter von Cornelius and Christian Daniel Rauch are by Viktor Tilgner , those by Antonio Canova and Georg Raphael Donner by Franz Pönninger .
Outer castle gate
→ see main article Outer Burgtor (Vienna)
The outer Burgtor separates Heldenplatz from the Burgring opposite Maria-Theresien-Platz. It is the oldest building on the Burgring, which was built by Peter von Nobile from 1821 to 1824 according to plans by Luigi Cagnola in the classical style. This is a broad-based gate building with side buildings, the central building of which is raised towards the castle ring and consists of five rusticated pillar arcades. The two outer passageways are available to pedestrians, the two inside to car traffic. Under a continuous triglyph frieze with a coat of arms in the metopes , on the ring road side, the inscription Laurum militibus lauro dignis from 1916 can be read, above it on the attic the building inscription Franciscus I. Imperator Austriae 1824 . The side wings are designed in exposed brick and framed with wide pilaster strips set with wedge stones . From the beginning, the building was intended as a memorial for the fallen Austrian soldiers and was erected in memory of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig . In 1916 it was converted into a war memorial and from 1933–1934 Rudolf Wondracek redesigned it as a hero memorial for the victims of the First World War . At that time the crypt with the epitaph of a dead soldier was created inside by Wilhelm Frass . On and in the building there are numerous sculptures, reliefs and friezes that are reminiscent of various wars. The castle gate still serves as a memorial for official Austria today. In front of the castle gate on the side of the castle ring, in front of the two arched windows with bars, there are bowls for sacrificial fires, which were also placed on stone plinths in 1934. The outer castle gate is on one side by a Pope's cross, erected in 1991 by Gustav Peichl to commemorate the Pope's visit by John Paul II to Heldenplatz (1983), and on the other side by the memorial of the executive from 2002 to commemorate the Police officers killed on duty flanked.
No. 7: Natural History Museum
→ see main article Natural History Museum Vienna
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The counterpart to the Kunsthistorisches Museum was also designed by Gottfried von Semper and Carl von Hasenauer and, like this one, is designed in the neo-renaissance style. The facade on the Burgring corresponds to that of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. The figural decoration on the attic balustrade consists of the figures of modern naturalists: Louis Agassiz by Gustave Deloye, Leopold von Buch by Viktor Tilgner, Friedrich Mohs by Friedrich Beer , Robert Brown by Leopold Schrödl , Georges Cuvier by Gustave Deloye and Alexander von Humboldt by Viktor Tilgner .
Enclosure of the Hofburg
In 1864, as part of the creation of the Ringstrasse, a monumental fence was built to enclose the Burggarten, Heldenplatz and Volksgarten according to plans by Moritz von Loehr . In total, the fence measures around 1000 meters, consisting of 305 fields and 10 gates, and is largely preserved in its original form. The entire length of the castle ring on the city side is bounded by this fence. A monumental black iron grating rises above a stone plinth, which is divided into individual fields by profiled cast iron columns. Every fourth column carries a lantern with an attached crown. In the area of the outer castle gate, the original gilding of the grille has been restored in recent years.
Former No. 9: Palais Epstein
→ see main article Palais Epstein
literature
- Richard Perger: streets, towers and bastions. The road network of the Vienna City in its development and its name . Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7005-4628-9 , p. 31
- Burgring in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Verlag Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 , p. 661
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Wlaschek's real estate in Vienna's first district. In: Falter (weekly newspaper) , No. 33/2015, August 12, 2015, p. 16
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 18.7 ″ N , 16 ° 21 ′ 42.8 ″ E