Albertinaplatz
| Albertinaplatz | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna |
| District | Inner City (1st District) |
| Confluent streets | Augustinerstraße, Tegetthoffstraße, Maysedergasse, Philharmonikerstraße, Operngasse , Hanuschgasse |
| Buildings | Archduke Albrecht Palace ( Albertina ), Archduke Albrecht Monument , Albrechtsbrunnen , Vienna State Opera (back side) |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , bicycle traffic , car traffic , bus route 3A , Fiaker |
The Albertina Square is located in the first Viennese district , Inner City . It was named in 1934 after the Albertina graphic collection , which is located in the Palais Archduke Albrecht adjoining the square . Part of the square, which was enlarged in 1947, was named Helmut-Zilk-Platz in 2009.
Location and characteristics
Albertinaplatz is located at a crossroads where six streets or alleys meet (they are listed in the info box clockwise, starting in the north). The Albertina, which gives it its name, with its bastion-like raised forecourt, on which the Archduke Albrechts equestrian monument stands and the Albrechtsbrunnen accentuates the square at the front edge , is officially listed at Augustinerstraße 1. The north-western corner of the Vienna State Opera borders the square that only has two existing serial numbers (unofficial: house numbers):
- No. 2: House on the corner of Maysedergasse 5 (with Café Mozart and pub garden )
- No. 3: House at the corner of Philharmonikerstraße 6
Houses No. 2 and No. 3 form a residential and commercial building in the historicist style of the late 19th century, are included in the Hotel Sacher , Philharmonikerstraße 2-6 and only have entrances to the restaurants on the ground floor on Albertinaplatz.
The address Albertinaplatz 1 is identified in the electronic city map of Vienna with the southernmost part of the gusset between Augustinerstraße and Tegetthoffstraße on which the monumental Philipphof was located until 1945 . Its ruins were demolished in 1947, and the area has remained undeveloped since then. Its northern part with the green area and the memorial against war and fascism erected in 1988 , until then counted as Albertinaplatz (the neighboring houses have addresses on Tegetthoffstrasse and Führichgasse ), was named Helmut-Zilk-Platz in 2009. (As with some other place names in recent years, the place was named without changing the addresses of the residents.)
The Albertinaplatz serves as an important link for local car traffic. After the ring and Franz-Josefs-Kai declared clockwise one-way traffic in 1972 , the Augustinerstraße – Albertinaplatz – Operngasse and Augustinerstraße – Albertinaplatz – Philharmonikerstraße – Walfischgasse became part of the counter-rotating “inner ring”. In the 1980s, this regional through traffic was stopped at Michaelerplatz . Albertinaplatz is important for cycling as the connection between Augustinerstraße and Operngasse; the path is part of a cycle route through the inner city. The only public transport on Albertinaplatz until January 15, 2012 was bus line 3A, which crossed the old town from Schottenring to Schwarzenbergplatz ; Since January 16, 2012, bus line 2A has been running from the Neubaugasse subway station in the 7th district via the Museumsquartier , Hofburg and Albertinaplatz to Schwarzenbergplatz. The Fiakers have an official stand in the course of Augustinerstrasse, where they wait for passengers.
history
Albertinaplatz has a long history. In the Middle Ages, the Viennese city wall ran across the area , which was expanded into the Carinthian or Augustinian bastion in the 16th century . Inward of the city wall was the monastery of St. Clara, founded in 1303, with a cemetery. Between the monastery and the city wall, the Rossmarkt was held in the 15th and 16th centuries, after which the square was named (1547). When the first Turkish siege of Vienna took place in 1529, the citizen's hospital that had been in front of the city walls had to be demolished. It was moved to the former monastery of St. Clara, which stood empty because the nuns had to flee from the Turkish threat.
North of today's Vienna State Opera, the important Kärntnertortheater was built in 1708–1709 and was rebuilt by Nikolaus Pacassi after a fire in 1761–1763 . On the other side of the square, the Palais Silva-Tarouca, later the Albrechtspalais, was built in 1745–1747. At that time (1776) the square was called Am Kärntner Tor .
After the opening of the General Hospital in 1784, the Citizens Hospital was closed or moved to Sankt Marx . In its place, the so-called Bürgerspitalzinshaus was built in 1784–1790, the largest rental building in Vienna at the time, the income from which went to the Bürgerspital. The old St. Clara Church was also demolished at that time.
After the decision of Emperor Franz Joseph I , published in 1857 , to demolish the Vienna city wall and to build the Vienna Ringstrasse with the surrounding new buildings in its place , the area was greatly changed: the bastion was removed from 1858–1863, the Kärntnertortheater in 1870 and 1873– In 1875 the citizen hospital interest house was demolished. In their place, historicist residential and commercial buildings were built, as well as the Albrecht ramp with the Albrecht or Danubius fountain in 1864–1869 . The Vienna State Opera was built in 1861–1868 and the Philipphof in 1884 .
The newly created, small square at the intersection of the surrounding streets has been named Albrechtsplatz after the archducal palace since 1877 . In 1896 Viktor Tilgner erected the Mozart memorial on Albrechtsplatz (located roughly in front of houses Albertinaplatz 2 and 3), which has been in the Burggarten since 1953 . In 1899, Caspar von Zumbusch created the large equestrian statue of the Archduke Albrecht monument on the Albrecht ramp. In Red Vienna the square was called Revolution Square from 1920 ; in the dictatorial corporate state , the name was changed to Albertinaplatz in 1934 .
On March 12, 1945, the area around Albertinaplatz was badly devastated by bombs. The Philipphof , a residential and commercial building built in 1883–1884 by Karl König , which was built in place of the Bürgerspitalzinshaus , had a large air raid shelter into which many people had fled during the bombing raids. On that day, the Philipphof was also hit and destroyed, killing around 300 people in the air raid shelter. The yard caught fire; Many people are said to have died from the boiling hot water used by the fire brigade. Since only about 150 corpses could be recovered, it was decided not to obstruct the space any more.
The former building site was part of Albertinaplatz from 1947 and was enlarged in 1973 with a green area. 1988 was established here Memorial against War and Fascism by Alfred Hrdlicka . This part of the square was named Helmut-Zilk- Platz in 2009 because Mayor Zilk had particularly advocated the erection of this initially controversial memorial.
Building
No. 2, 3: residential and commercial building
The historicist house built in 1873 by Anton Baumgarten on two building sites in the form of the Viennese neo-renaissance is free-standing on three sides and has the main address Philharmonikerstraße 6. (The upper floors are the rooms of the Hotel Sacher , so there are no house entrances to staircases on Albertinaplatz.) On the side facing Albertinaplatz, two-story, half-columned and pilaster-structured bay windows can be seen. Café Mozart is located in house number 2. Café Katzmayer had already been located in the Bürgerspitalzinshaus. After the construction of the new building, another coffeehouse was opened, in which mainly artists from the nearby State Opera frequented. In 1929 it was given its current name because at that time the Mozart monument was still standing on the square in front of it. It played a role in the novel "The Third Man" by Graham Greene and the film of the same name. At number 3 is the traditional clothing store Wilhelm Jungmann & Neffe, which is a listed building because of its interior design .
Albrechtsbrunnen
→ Main article Albrechtsbrunnen (Vienna)
The listed wall fountain, also known as Danubius Fountain, is located at the front of the Albrechts ramp and was built from 1864 to 1869 according to plans by Moritz von Löhr . In looking wall arranged like African sculptures stand by Johann Meixner , the allegories of the middle Danube represent and Vindobona, in the niches beside the allegories large tributaries of the Danube.
literature
- Albertinaplatz in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Verlag Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 .
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 15.5 ″ N , 16 ° 22 ′ 8.5 ″ E