Augustinian Bastion
| Augustinian Bastion | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna Inner City |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | 1595 |
| Newly designed | 1863 |
| Hist. Names | Albrechts ramp |
| Cross streets | Hanuschgasse, Augustinerstraße |
| Places | Albertinaplatz |
| Buildings | Archduke Albrecht Palace |
| use | |
| User groups | Foot traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 160 meters |
The Augustinian Bastion was part of the former Viennese city fortifications . The last part of it that still exists today is a traffic area of the same name in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt .
history
The Augustinian Bastion was built as part of Vienna's city fortifications between 1548 and 1552. The bastion was bricked from the beginning and had a cat , mentioned in 1683 with the name Vogelsang . The meaning of this designation is unclear.
The bastion was located on the site of today's parcels Operngasse 4 and 6, Hanuschgasse 1 and 3, Goethegasse 1 and part of the Vienna State Opera . It was in 1549 bastion behind the Augustinians called, 1550 Bastion at the Augustinians , 1577 and 1770 Kärntnerbastei , 1783 and 1848 finally Augustinerbastei . The name comes from the Augustinian church and monastery in the nearby Augustinerstraße , while the name Kärntner Bastei refers to the Kärntner Tor located here.
The Augustinian Bastion was renovated in 1641. After the French had occupied Vienna under Napoleon , they blew up the bastion in 1809, which was rebuilt in 1816–1817. Finally, in 1863, in the course of the creation of the Vienna Ringstrasse instead of the city wall, it was finally removed.
In addition to the actual bastion, the curtain wall between the Augustinian bastion and the castle bastion has also been called the Augustinian bastion since the end of the 18th century . This curtain wall, built in 1595, was part of the Vienna fortress wall. The imperial building yard was located on it in the 17th century, which was converted into the Palais Silva-Tarouca in the 18th century by the court building director Emanuel Silva-Tarouca . In 1795 it came into the possession of Duke Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen , who had it expanded from 1801–1805 by Louis Montoyer and housed his art collection called Albertina here . In 1863 the curtain was torn down; the Augustinergang in the direction of the Hofburg was completely removed between 1894 and 1902.
The Augustinian Bastion, which still exists today, got its name after the aforementioned fortress structures were demolished. In 1935 it was renamed the Albrechtsrampe , as there is a large equestrian statue of Archduke Albrecht Friedrich of Austria created between 1898 and 1899 on it . After Austria was annexed to the German Reich, this renaming was reversed by the National Socialist city administration in 1938. After the Augustinian Bastion was damaged by bombs in 1945, it was restored between 1951 and 1953. The existing access ramp from Augustinerstraße to the bastion was replaced by a staircase and the entrance to the Albertina was moved to Augustinerstraße 1. In 1999–2002, the Albertina was expanded by adding an underground storage facility and a study building including exhibition halls in exposed concrete. Aluminum, glass and oak wood directly under the access ramp from Hanuschgasse. The planning came from the team of architects Erich G. Steinmayer and Friedrich H. Mascher.
Location and characteristics
The Augustinian Bastion is located opposite its surroundings, elevated on the remains of the former curtain wall of the city fortifications. It runs parallel between Augustinerstraße and Hanuschgasse in a south-easterly direction and can be reached by vehicles via a ramp from Hanuschgasse. Pedestrians enter the Augustinerbastei via an outside staircase from Augustinerstraße or via an elevator and escalator from Albertinaplatz .
The Augustinian Bastion is a pedestrian zone. It has a row of trees along the edge of Hanuschgasse, between which benches invite you to linger. From the height of the Augustinerbastei you can see the Burggarten in the west and Albertinaplatz and the State Opera in the south. As the only building on the Augustinian Bastion is the Archduke Albrecht Palace with the Albertina, the bastion is mostly frequented by tourists. There is a restaurant on the side of the castle garden. Since the view from below of the Augustinerbastei with Albertina and equestrian statue is remarkable, one can definitely speak of a tourist hot spot in Vienna.
Buildings
No. 1 Albertina
→ see main article Palais Archduke Albrecht
The former Palais Archduke Albrecht is a mighty building free-standing on three sides between Augustinerstraße, Albertinaplatz and Hanuschgasse, which is particularly exposed with its location on the ramp. The building, which consists of late baroque , classicist and historicist elements, was mainly created between 1802 and 1804 by Louis Montoyer. The main show side at the Augustinerbastei in the direction of the Burggarten goes back to him, which he more than doubled. However, its facade design was overlaid by neo-baroque forms from 1865–1867 . The central projection is particularly accentuated on the long bastion front . It has giant Ionic pilasters on the two upper floors , and a passage with a neo-baroque balcony-crowned portico on the ground floor. The central protrusion is crowned by an attic balustrade , which shows the coat of arms of Sachsen-Teschen in the middle , flanked by a lying lion and a lying sphinx. This is followed by the figures of Apollo and Minerva as well as a female figure each with musical instruments. Putti and 1 vase on the outside complete the figurative decoration.
The front side with the main entrance to the building was also redesigned in neo-baroque forms in 1865–1869 to create a facade that was equal to the front side. A convex protruding balcony supported by volute brackets is located above the basket arch portal.
The building houses the Albertina Museum with the world's largest collection of graphics. It is one of the most visited buildings in Vienna and is located at the main address Albertinaplatz 1.
Albrechts ramp
After part of the Augustinian Bastion was demolished, the remainder of the building was rebuilt between 1864 and 1869 on behalf of the city expansion fund . Moritz von Loehr created the polygonal architectural cladding of the ramp facing Albertinaplatz, in which twelve allegorical fountain figures were placed in arched niches based on the model of Roman wall fountains from the Cinquecento . They come from Johann Meixner and are made of white Carrara marble and represent the great rivers of Austria. In the middle of the trapezoidal structure a fountain with the figures Danubius and Vindobona emerges. The whole complex was created in the neo-renaissance style.
Archduke Albrecht Monument
The equestrian statue of Archduke Albrecht of Austria-Teschen , the victor of the Battle of Custozza in 1866, is exposed on the Albrecht ramp in front of the front of the Albertina. It was erected in 1899 on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Battle of Aspern. The base structure comes from Karl König , the larger than life bronze casting of the sculpture by Caspar von Zumbusch . The monument was restored by Viktor Hammer after 1945 .
Soravia Wing
As part of the extensive redesign of the Albertina, the main entrance to the museum was relocated from Augustinerstraße to the (higher) front of the building on the Augustinerbastei, where it had once been. By 2003, the architect Hans Hollein created a striking, cantilevered canopy over the air space between the Archduke Albrecht monument and the new main entrance, the Soravia Wing, named after sponsors Erwin and Hanno Soravia (Soravia Group) . Under this roof there is an escalator that leads from Albertinaplatz into the bastion to the main entrance. The flying roof is made of anodized aluminum. It is 53 meters long and up to 12 meters wide. Since it changed the view of the Augustinian Bastion and the Albertina decisively, there were numerous protests against its construction.
sculpture
At the northern end of the Augustinian Bastion stands the modern metal sculpture Oblique Column or Twelve Open Squares, Variation 3, 1981 by George Rickey, sponsored by Carl Djerassi .
literature
- Richard Perger: streets, towers and bastions. The road network of the Vienna City in its development and its name . Franz Deuticke, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7005-4628-9 , pp. 15-16.
- Felix Czeike (Ed.): Augustinerbastei. In: Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 1, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-218-00543-4 , p. 194 ( digitized version ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Pollner: Two mixed up Viennese artists. Viktor Josef Hammer, master craftsman and academic sculptor, 1913–1986 . Wiener Geschichtsblätter, 72, 1, p. 56, 2017
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 16.9 ″ N , 16 ° 22 ′ 3.7 ″ E