Schwarzenbergplatz
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The Schwarzenbergplatz is one of the most famous places in Vienna city center. Here the municipal districts of Innere Stadt , Landstrasse and Wieden border one another (clockwise) .
history
Until the middle of the 19th century, most of the area of today's Schwarzenbergplatz was occupied by the glacis in front of the Vienna city wall , through which the Vienna River flowed. After the city wall was torn down between 1858 and 1863, relatively large areas were now available for building in the area of the city wall and glacis. Similar to the Ringstrasse Palace of the second half of the 19th century, some magnificent buildings were also erected here.
In 1861, Emperor Franz Joseph I decided to have a monument erected here to General Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg, who was victorious in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 . The equestrian statue was created by the Dresden sculptor Ernst Hähnel (1811-1891) from 1863, the militarily laid foundation stone for the monument took place on October 18, 1863 (the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Nations), the solemn unveiling of the (in those days aesthetically and historically not undisputed) monument on October 20, 1867 (after the anniversary of the Battle of Nations, October 18, was not noticed for political reasons).
Since 1865, the Schwarzenberg Bridge, which was demolished in 1895, led across the river to Rennweg (route to Hungary), to the later Prinz-Eugen-Straße (until 2009 access from the city center to Südbahnhof and Staatsbahnhof, later to Ostbahnhof) and to Palais Schwarzenberg in between .
On the occasion of the construction of the first Viennese spring water pipeline , the Hochstrahlbrunnen was built in front of Palais Schwarzenberg (on an area that was not yet part of Schwarzenbergplatz) and opened on October 23, 1873 with a ceremony attended by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Since about 1870 out of town to Wienfluss extending from the Seilerstaette Schwarzenbergstraße was in southern area between 1880 Ringstrasse and Lothringerstraße, the importance of the ensemble with the Reiterdenkmal accordingly, in Schwarzenbergplatz renamed.
The Vienna River , vaulted from 1895 to 1902 , on the southern bank of which the vaulted Wiental line of the Vienna City Railway was built until 1899 , ran at this point roughly in the course of the southern carriageway of Lothringerstrasse. In 1904 the square was extended south to Palais Schwarzenberg. The statement that Schwarzenbergstrasse had previously extended to Palais Schwarzenberg does not harmonize with historical city maps and address books.
Behind the (= south of) Hochstrahlbrunnen, the Red Army unveiled the Heroes' Monument (popularly until today: Russian Monument ) in August 1945, immediately after the end of the Second World War ; Until 1956, a Soviet World War I tank (a SU-100 tank destroyer) was positioned there. During the occupation of the southern part of the Schwarzenberg square was in on 12 April 1946 Stalin renamed space and kept that name to 18 July 1956. In the House of Industry , at that time Stalin 4th place , was until 1955 the seat of the Allied Council of the four occupying powers.
In 2003 and 2004 Schwarzenbergplatz was redesigned according to a concept by the Spanish architect Alfredo Arribas and additionally equipped with lighting elements embedded in the floor, which represent various lighting effects. In the course of the renovation, the previously existing small green areas were removed, which was also criticized. There were particularly strong reservations about replacing the mostly still existing slim light masts from 1904 with lighting fixtures, which critics perceived as clumsy and clumsy. The previous conception of the municipality of Vienna envisaged the complete restoration of the historical Art Nouveau lighting fixtures of the “bishop's staff” type. In 2016, many of the 300 computer-controlled effect lights embedded in the floor were defective. The dismantling of the outdated technology, which was only serviced in the first few years, is up for discussion.
Not only the Wien River and the U4 underground line run under Schwarzenbergplatz , this is also where the Zwingburg was once located , a shelter for the homeless and strotters who retreated to the Vienna sewer system .
traffic
Schwarzenbergplatz became an important traffic junction soon after its construction . In 1873 the horse tramway lines led from here to Favoriten and Sankt Marx . In 1901 the line leading to Sankt Marx was extended to the Vienna Central Cemetery and electrified soon after. Tram line 71 has been running on this route since 1907 . It was extended in December 2012 from Schwarzenbergplatz via Ringstrasse to Schottenring , Börse .
Schwarzenbergplatz is also served by tram line D, the connection from the city center to the south station , which was demolished in 2010 , to the new central station (east side) since December 2012 , to Absberggasse in Favoriten since 2019 , and by line 2 (runs the section of the Ringstraße ) as well as from the city bus routes 2A and 4A. Some night bus lines also stop here .
For road traffic, Rennweg, Vienna's historic arterial road towards Pressburg and Budapest, begins at the southeast end of Schwarzenbergplatz . To the southwest, Prinz-Eugen-Strasse branches off from the square to the Belvedere and the Gürtel . In the middle part of the square, Lothringerstraße (see also the two-way line ), connection from Karlsplatz to the city park on the vaulted Wien River , crosses the square. At the northern end of the square, Kärntner Ring and Schubertring form parts of the ring road surrounding the historic city center.
Other uses
For years, Schwarzenbergplatz - on the open space in front of the fountain - has served as a meeting point for the Critical Mass bike ride: once a month on Friday evenings.
In the summer of 2016, an electrically pumped standing surf wave with a height of 1.4 m was operated for the public for a fee and as an advertising vehicle for the mobile operator 3.
Remarkable buildings on Schwarzenbergplatz
The buildings bordering the square are officially numbered clockwise, starting at the point closest to the center, at the corner of Schubertring, and are also listed here in this order. Before the adjoining street area to the south was included in 1904, there were only six house numbers on Schwarzenbergplatz, three on each side between the Ring and Lothringerstrasse. (Today's number 17 was then number 6.)
No. 1: Palais Archduke Ludwig Viktor
In 1863 Heinrich Ferstel was commissioned to build two palaces. The Archduke Ludwig Viktor Palace, built for Archduke Ludwig Viktor from 1864 to 1866, on the (eastern) corner of Schubertring (1st district) was renovated around 1900, bought by the state in 1910 and housed the military casino from 1911 to 1939. Today the Burgtheater uses the building as a casino on Schwarzenbergplatz (since 1981), the Association of Alt-Neustädter (= graduates of the Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt ) and the officers' society. Ferstel built the mentioned second palace exactly opposite, at No. 17, and coordinated the facades of both buildings.
No. 2: Palais Wiener von Welten
The Palais Wiener von Welten on the eastern side of the square (1st district), completed in 1869, was designed for Eduard Wiener von Welten by the architects August Schwendenwein and Johann Romano . Vienna's smallest vineyard is located in the front garden of the palace and the Spanish Cultural Institute is in the palace.
No. 3: formerly the directorate of the State Railway Company
The administration building of the kk priv. Österreich Staats-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (a private Austrian railway company that was nationalized and integrated into the state railways in 1909 ) at the corner of Lothringerstrasse (eastern side, 1st district) was built in 1868–1870 according to plans by Heinrich Ferstel . After a bomb hit in 1945, the building burned down, was demolished in 1950 and only replaced in 1983 by a new building with a historicizing facade based on plans by Georg Lippert . The house at Schwarzenbergplatz 3 is today the seat of the European headquarters of the Russian Sberbank .
No. 4: House of Industry
At the corner of Lothringerstraße, the late historic House of Industry was built on the southeast side of the square (3rd district) in 1907 and 1908 (inscription on the building) according to plans by Karl König , which is still the seat of the Austrian Federation of Industrialists . The Allied Commission for Austria met here from 1945–1955 . It last met on July 27, 1955, the day the Austrian State Treaty came into force , and on this occasion held the last Allied military parade in front of the house before the occupation forces of the four powers left the country by October 1955.
No. 5: formerly Palais Pollack-Parnau
At the beginning of the Rennweg (3rd district) was the Palais Pollack-Parnau , built shortly before 1914 . It belonged to the Jewish industrialist family Pollack von Parnau, who were expelled by the Nazis in 1938, and the building was "Aryanized" . During the Second World War, the palace was badly damaged by bombing, and the family later sold the ruins. In the 1950s, an office building by Steyr Daimler Puch was built , which was replaced after 2000 by a modern steel and glass structure that is placed deeper in the square.
No. 6: Palais Fanto
In Palais Fanto , the former building of the Austrian spirits monopoly, the corner house built in 1917/1918 by Ernst Gotthilf and Alexander Neumann between Daffingerstraße and Zaunergasse (3rd district), you will find the Arnold Schönberg Center .
No. 8: Former City cinema
In this building at the beginning of the Rennweg (3rd district) was the " Stadtkino ", a non-commercial cinema (subsidiary of the Viennale ) until 2013 , as well as the Bundy & Bundy hairdressing salon, which is well known in Vienna. A cinema (formerly Schwarzenberg cinema or Kammerlichtspiele ) was here since 1916. end of 2012 closed the House of artists Vienna with the Viennale a contract for 20 years, according to the city cinema gave this location and since September 2013 as the "City Kino im Künstlerhaus" at Karlsplatz operated becomes.
No. 9: Schwarzenberg Palace
The Schwarzenberg Palace was built long before the Schwarzenbergplatz was built at the foot of a hill that extends as far as the Landstraßer Gürtel and is partly taken up by the palace garden. The palace in the 3rd district, between Rennweg and Prinz-Eugen-Straße, can only really be seen up close today, as it is "hidden" behind the high-beam fountain and the hero monument and also by a large forecourt when viewed from the city center moved away from the square with outbuildings.
Jet fountain and monument to heroes
The Hochstrahlbrunnen , erected in 1873, and the Red Army Heroes' Monument behind it, erected in 1945, are located in the 3rd district between buildings no.8 and no.11 and in front of building no.9.
No. 11: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
The EU has housed its European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights , or FRA (Fundamental Rights Agency), in the former Gutmann house, at the corner of Gußhausstrasse (4th district) in 1875/1876, built according to plans by Heinrich Claus and Joseph Groß . In the years of the Second World War, this was the seat of the Luftgau Command. After the Federal Ministry for Trade and Reconstruction moved out, the building was confiscated by the Soviet occupying forces as “German property” in 1952. From 1953 to 1957 this was the headquarters of the Communist Party of Austria. From 2001 to 2007, the Vienna Regional Court for Civil Law Matters was housed here during the general renovation of the Palace of Justice.
No. 12: French Embassy
The building of the French Embassy was erected free-standing in 1904–1912 according to designs by the Parisian architect Georges Chedanne on the western side of the square (4th district) between Technikerstrasse and Brucknerstrasse, near the beginning of Prinz-Eugen-Strasse. It is, also with its interior design, a major work of "Art Nouveau" outside of France.
No. 14: House of the Viennese merchants
The house of the Viennese merchants on the western side of the square at the corner of Lothringerstrasse (4th district), designed by Ernst Gotthilf and Oskar Neumann in neo-Baroque style and conceived from the beginning as an office building , was officially opened by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Today the following divisions of the Vienna Chamber of Commerce are housed in it: trade; Transport and traffic; Information and Consulting.
Georg Raphael Donner monument
Between buildings no. 14 and no. 15, at the intersection with Lothringerstrasse (1st district), Richard Kauffungen erected a bronze statue by the sculptor Georg Raphael Donner (1692–1741) in 1906 . Dismantled during World War II, the monument was rebuilt in 1947.
No. 15: Palais Ofenheim
The Palais Ofenheim for the railway industrialist Viktor Ofenheim Ritter von Pontreuxin on the northwest corner of the intersection with Lothringerstrasse (1st district) was built in 1868 based on designs by the architects August Schwendenwein and Johann Romano and was number 4 until 1904 1931 owned by Zurich Insurance Austria , which uses it as an office building.
No. 16
The building was erected in 1868 and was number 5 until 1904.
No. 17: Palais Wertheim
The Palais Wertheim on the corner of Kärntner Ring 18 (1st district) commissioned by the industrialist Franz von Wertheim was completed in 1868 by Heinrich Ferstel as a counterpart to the Palais at No. 1. It was number 6 until 1904 and was converted into a residential and office building in 1910. On July 27, 1978, the first Austrian McDonald’s branch opened on the ground floor of the Palais . Previously, the corner bar had been running the “Zum golden Adler” pharmacy since 1870, which was advertised as “English & foreign chemist” in the trade directory in 1893, had all English and French preparations and in 1911 moved to the opposite house at Kärntner Ring 17, where it was up to exists today.
Web links
- Wiener Stadtgartenamt - Schwarzenbergplatz
- planet-vienna.com | Schwarzenbergplatz
- suf.at | The Schwarzenbergplatz
- Focus on Schwarzenbergplatz
Individual evidence
- ↑ Art Notes. (...) The ceremonial laying of the foundation stone (...). In: Blätter für Theater, Musik und Kunst , No. 84/1863 (IX. Year), October 20, 1863, p. 336, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ^ Art paper. E (rnst) J (ulius) Hähnel and the Schwarzenberg Monument. In: Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt. No. 1129/1867, October 22, 1867, p. 4 (unpaginated), top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Unveiling of the Schwarzenberg Monument. In: Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt. No. 1128/1867, October 21, 1867, p. 2 f. (unpaginated). (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ abroad. Vienna, October 19th. To the story of the day. (...). In: Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt. No. 1127/1867, October 20, 1867, p. 4 (unpaginated), top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ a b Felix Czeike (Ed.): Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 175
- ^ Monument in honor of the soldiers of the Soviet Army , Vienna History Wiki
- ↑ Lichtblick Schwarzenbergplatz ( Memento of the original from May 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . wien.at (PDF file; 323 kB)
- ^ On this (pro Arribas) the Viennese architecture critic Jan Tabor
- ↑ Two such masts, reconstructed by MA 33, are currently standing at Am Hof . See the special issue of “Stones speak”, No. 122/2002
- ↑ Effect lights on Schwarzenbergplatz threatened . orf.at, August 19, 2016, accessed August 19, 2016.
- ↑ Neue Linie am Wiener Ring , in: Salzburger Nachrichten newspaper , Salzburg, October 31, 2012, p. 11.
- ↑ Surfing in the middle of the city , orf.at, Wed 28, 2016, accessed May 28, 2016.
- ^ From for "City Wave" at Schwarzenbergplatz orf.at, May 4, 2017, accessed May 5, 2017.
- ↑ Information related to the present after inspection by Wolfgang J. Kraus on June 8, 2009
- ↑ a b Felix Czeike, eds. Helga Czeike , Sabine Nikolay and Susanne Claudine Pils: History of the Viennese pharmacies. The pharmacies in today's first district of Vienna , Studien-Verlag Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7065-4952-3 , p. 448 f.
- ↑ Hans Haider: The glass residence of the garage prince. (No longer available online.) Wiener Zeitung, July 25, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 5, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Czeike, Volume 5, p. 175
- ↑ Der Standard : Stadtkino will definitely move to the Künstlerhaus , December 20, 2012.
- ↑ Czeike, Volume 1, p. 433
Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 55 " N , 16 ° 22 ′ 34" E