kk state railways

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The kk Staatsbahnen ( kkStB ), also kk Österreichische Staatsbahnen , were the state railways of the Austrian ("cisleithan") half of Austria-Hungary .

Metal shield

history

The imperial-royal state railways, or kk state railways for short, were established in 1884 as a result of the emergency nationalization of economically ailing railway companies in the Austrian half of the empire. This was a direct consequence of the economic crisis of 1873 , which resulted in a rethinking of state rail policy. The Rakonitz – Protivín Railway was then the first railway built by the state itself. Completely completed in 1876, operations there had to be left to private railway companies.

For the state railways, the General Directorate of the Imperial and Royal State Railways was established on January 1, 1884, and was subordinate to the Imperial and Royal Minister of Commerce. After decades of taking care of the railway agendas in this department, the Imperial and Royal Railway Ministry was established in Cisleithanien in 1896 in place of the General Directorate , which existed until 1918. The Ministry ran the state railways directly, without an intervening director general or the like; the railway ministers were mostly elected from among the top officials in the house. In 1896, under the Ministry, there were 11 State Railway Directorates in Innsbruck , Cracow , Lemberg , Linz , Olomouc , Pilsen , Prague , Stanislau , Trieste , Villach and Vienna .

Since the state railway system prevailed almost all over Europe, numerous private Austrian railway companies were systematically and systematically nationalized since the 1880s, including such large companies as the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn in 1906 (see transport policy ) .

The kkStB's route network has been significantly expanded through the state's new construction programs. The best-known example of this were the major projects implemented in the first decade of the 20th century to cross the north-south Alps, primarily to better develop the seaport of Trieste , which were summarized under the political term New Alpine Railways . These were the Tauernbahn , Karawankenbahn , Wocheiner Bahn (incl. Karstbahn), Pyhrnbahn and Wechselbahn . A similar project was the Bohemian-Moravian Transversal Railway , built between 1887 and 1889 , with which a new east-west transversal line was to be created in the crown lands of Bohemia and Moravia .

In 1891 the kk state railway network comprised 7,132 km (out of a total of 28,066 km by rail in Austria-Hungary), 1378 locomotives, 3195 passenger cars and 25,883 freight cars. This year 31.9 million people and 16.9 million tons of goods were transported. By 1918, when the monarchy collapsed, the kkStB network reached a length of around 19,000 km.

The kk Austrian State Railways were a member of the Association of German Railway Administrations, founded in Pest in 1847 , which was involved in the standardization of railway technology and railway regulations as well as in international timetable coordination.

Nationalized railways

The main nationalized railway companies included:

Timeline

Kaschau-Oderberger Bahn Stauding-Stramberger Eisenbahn Neutitscheiner Lokalbahn Buschtiehrader Eisenbahn Aussig-Teplitzer Eisenbahn Vorarlberger Bahn Ungarische Westbahn Tarnow-Leluchower Staatsbahn Prag-Duxer Eisenbahn Österreichische Nordwestbahn Österreichische Lokaleisenbahngesellschaft Niederösterreichische Südwestbahnen Mühlkreisbahn Mährisch-Schlesische Centralbahn Mährische Grenzbahn Lemberg-Czernowitz-Jassy Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft Rudolfsbahn Kremstalbahn kkStB Franz-Josefs-Bahn kkStB Erzherzog Albrecht-Bahn kkStB Erste Ungarisch-Galizische Eisenbahn kkStB Eisenbahn Pilsen-Priesen-Komotau) Dux-Bodenbacher Eisenbahn Bozen-Meraner Bahn Böhmische Westbahn Böhmische Nordbahn Böhmische Nordbahn Turnau-Kralup-Prag Böhmische Commerzialbahnen Rakonitz-Protiviner Bahn Istrianer Staatsbahn Dniester Bahn Dalmatiner Staatsbahn Kaiserin Elisabeth-Bahn Pferdeeisenbahn Budweis-Linz-Gmunden Österreichische Nordbahn Brünn-Rossitzer Eisenbahn Österreichische Ostbahn Staats-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft Südöstliche Staatsbahn Ungarische Zentralbahn Nördliche Staatsbahn Carl Ludwig-Bahn Östliche Staatsbahn Krakau-Obersleschische Bahn Südliche Staatsbahn Südbahn Tiroler Staatsbahn Lombardisch-Venetianische Staatsbahn Lombardisch-Venetianische Ferdinandsbahn Milano-Monza

End of the kk state railways

After the end of the First World War , the kkStB's routes and vehicles were divided between the successor states (German) Austria , Czechoslovakia , Poland , Italy , Romania and the SHS state (from 1929 Yugoslavia) from November 1918 . The kkStB merged into the following state railways:

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Designation with Austrian z. B. in the State Handbook 1907 and on the title page of: K. K. Ministry of Railways (Ed.): The new Austrian (Eichischen) Alpenbahnen . Maass' sons, Vienna 1908.
  2. ^ Announcement by the Minister of Railways of July 28, 1896 , RGBl. No. 129/1896 (= p. 459)
  3. ↑ RGBl. 1901/63. In:  Reichsgesetzblatt for the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrath , year 1901, pp. 201–207. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / rgb
  4. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 5th edition, 5th volume, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1894, p. 516 f.
  5. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 5th edition, 5th volume, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1894, p. 556