kk Ministry of Railways
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| State level | Cisleithanien , immediately subordinate to the Emperor of Austria | ||
| Position of the authority | one of the highest authorities for the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council | ||
| Consist | January 17, 1896 (appointment of the minister), January 19, 1896 (start of the ministry's activities) –30. October 1918 (establishment of the German-Austrian State Office for Transport), November 11, 1918 (removal of the minister) | ||
| Headquarters | Vienna 1. , Nibelungengasse 4 and Elisabethstraße 9 ("Schillerhof") | ||
| Authority management | kk railway minister | ||
The kk Ministry of Railways was from 1896 to 1918 one of the departments in Vienna incumbent government of represented in the Reichsrat kingdoms and lands of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary , in legal language as Cisleithania called, otherwise Austrian half or simply Austria called. The creation of the department makes it clear that the railroad was the most important means of transport in the country at that time.
founding
The establishment of the Ministry was preceded by phases in the development of the Austrian railway system in which the state relied on private railways due to lack of funds or liberalism, as well as phases in which the private railway companies were disappointed and therefore state railways were preferred. After the development of the private railways came to a standstill, from the beginning of the 1880s the state railroad system was consistently pursued, as it was in most other European countries. In 1884, with the approval of the Kaiser, an Imperial and Royal General Direction of the Austrian State Railways was set up, headed by a section head of the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce. The ordinance also determined the locations of eleven company headquarters ( Vienna , Linz , Innsbruck , Villach , Budweis , Pilsen , Prague , Krakow , Lemberg , Pola and Spalato ).
The establishment of the ministry approved by Emperor Franz Joseph I on January 15, 1896 at the suggestion of kk Prime Minister Count Kasimir Felix Badeni (in place of the previous General Directorate of the State Railways and with the involvement of various departments from the Ministry of Commerce) was announced in the announcement of the Minister of Commerce and the Minister of Railways published on January 19, 1896 . The announcement by the ministers Hugo Glanz and Emil von Guttenberg (appointed by the Kaiser on January 17, 1896) was accompanied by a detailed organizational statute for the state railway administration in the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrat . On the same day the new ministry took over the planned agendas from the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce, which until then had been responsible for the railway system.
The new railway minister was presented by Count Badeni on February 15, 1896 in the previously adjourned House of Representatives of the Reichsrat . There was no discussion of the emperor's decision. However, Guttenberg was immediately dealt with two specific written questions during the meeting. The Social Democratic MP Engelbert Pernerstorfer , supported among others by the Christian Socialist Karl Lueger , made a request regarding the refusal of vacation for railway workers who wanted to discuss the organizational structure of the kk state railways with colleagues. The Czech MPs Wenzel or Václav Krumbholz addressed the denial of linguistic equality for Czechs in customer service as well as in personnel policy on the Bodenbach – Komotau route in Bohemia .
On July 28, 1896, Minister of Railways von Guttenberg announced that on August 1, 1896, the new organization would come into full operation and that the state railways would begin to officiate. Of the operational directorates established in 1884, those in Budweis , Pola and Spalato were no longer included in the new organization; new state railway directorates were established in Trieste , Olomouc and Stanislau .
minister
The respective minister was appointed and removed by the emperor in agreement with his kk prime minister . He was responsible to the Reichsrat , the cisleithan parliament in Vienna, but could not be overthrown by it.
The House of Representatives of the Imperial Council was then divided for ideological, national and professional reasons in many factions. The railway minister could therefore not rely on a given parliamentary majority from the outset, but had to sound out for each project which parliamentary groups would help him to gain a majority.
The railway ministers were mostly elected from among experts and top officials of the ministry; only Julius Derschatta can be called a professional politician. In general, the emperor's prime ministers changed much more frequently than the railway ministers.
| kk Prime Minister | Railway minister or (interim) head of the ministry |
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Kasimir Felix Badeni September 30, 1895 - November 30, 1897 |
Emil von Guttenberg January 17, 1896 to November 30, 1897, previously field marshal lieutenant and railway expert |
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Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn November 30, 1897 - March 5, 1898 |
Heinrich von Wittek November 30, 1897 to May 1, 1905, section head |
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Franz von Thun and Hohenstein March 5, 1898 - October 2, 1899 |
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Manfred von Clary and Aldringen October 2, 1899 - December 21, 1899 |
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Heinrich von Wittek December 21, 1899 to January 18, 1900 |
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Ernest von Koerber January 19, 1900 to December 31, 1904 |
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| Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn December 31, 1904 - May 2, 1906 |
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Ludwig Wrba May 1, 1905 to June 2, 1906, head of section |
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Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst May 2, 1906 - June 2, 1906 |
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Max Wladimir von Beck June 2, 1906 - November 15, 1908 |
Julius Derschatta von Standhalt June 2, 1906 to November 15, 1908, previously a lawyer in the Duchy of Styria and chairman of the German People's Party |
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Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling November 15, 1908 - June 28, 1911 |
Zdenko von Forster zu Philippsberg November 15, 1908 to February 10, 1909 as (interim) director; Official in the Ministry |
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Ludwig Wrba Second term of office February 10, 1909 to January 9, 1911 |
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Stanislaus Glabinski January 9th to June 28th 1911, previously rector of the University of Lemberg , Galicia |
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| Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn June 28, 1911 - November 3, 1911 |
Victor von Röll June 28 to November 3, 1911, director, official in the ministry, 1890 author of the encyclopedia of the entire railway system |
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Karl Stürgkh November 3, 1911 - October 21, 1916 (murdered) |
Zdenko von Forster zu Philippsberg Second term of office November 3, 1911 to October 31, 1916 |
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Ernest von Koerber October 28, 1916 - December 20, 1916 |
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Ernst Schaible October 31 to December 20, 1916, Major General |
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Heinrich Clam-Martinic December 20, 1916 to June 23, 1917 |
Zdenko von Forster zu Philippsberg Third term of office December 20, 1916 to June 23, 1917, official in the ministry |
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Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg June 23, 1917 to July 25, 1918 |
Karl von Banhans June 23, 1917 to November 11, 1918, previously an official of the Ministry |
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Max Hussarek von Heinlein July 25, 1918 - October 27, 1918 |
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Heinrich Lammasch October 27, 1918 - November 11, 1918 ( Ministry of Liquidation , handover of business to the German-Austrian State Council and the Renner I State Government ) |
Organization of the Ministry
Headquarters of the Ministry
The ministry was based in Vienna in the 1st district in the so-called "Schillerhof" (built in 1870 by Johann Romano and August Schwendenwein ) on Schillerplatz (no entrance there). The addresses in use were Nibelungengasse 4, where the Reichsgericht , the highest court of justice in the monarchy, also served, and Elisabethstrasse 9. The building is located between Opernring and Karlsplatz . Today, ÖBB -IKT GmbH, which, according to its own statements, is the competence center for information, communication and rail technologies in the entire ÖBB Group , has its headquarters here on Elisabethstrasse .
Organization of the Ministry
The 1907 State Handbook listed six section heads for the ministry , including three later ministers. Furthermore, the kk Eisenbahn-Bau-Direktion , the kk General Inspection of the Austrian Railways and the kk Zentral-Wagendirigierungsamt of the Austrian State Railways were listed as external departments of the Ministry, which were housed at different locations in Vienna. In addition, there were the own directorates set up for the newly nationalized railways in Vienna (e.g. kk Nordbahn-Directorate ) and eleven state railroad directorates in various cities of Cisleithania (see section Foundation).
State Railway Council
In the organizational statute, which is mentioned in the section founding, it was stated that the ministry (like the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce before) is advised by a state railway council on an honorary basis. On February 19, 1897, Minister Guttenberg announced the new statute for this council, which will be attached to the Ministry of Railways […] for the assessment of general economic questions in the field of rail transport .
From March 1, 1897, the State Railway Council, chaired by the Minister or his deputy, was to have 80 members, including representatives of three Imperial and Royal Ministries and the Imperial and Royal Ministry of War , chambers of commerce and trade, agriculture and mining . Attention was paid to regional balance. The council had to give opinions on timetable principles, tariffs and the modalities for deliveries and the award of contracts and, at the invitation of the minister, meet at least twice a year.
On March 29, 1900 the number of members was increased to 82 and the composition of the council was announced again. On May 5, 1906, the number of members was increased to 92, of which the Minister of Railways could choose 14 at his own discretion ; On November 24, 1906, it was determined that when voting in the State Railways Council, the voting behavior of the members is to be recorded separately according to the three interest groups for industry and trade, for trade and transport, and for agriculture and forestry.
The economic importance of rail transport was expressed in the fact that on May 15, 1909, the number of members was increased from 92 to 128 with a new statute for the State Railway Council.
After the collapse of the monarchy, the German-Austrian State Office for Transport decreed on February 7, 1919 that those members of the previous State Railway Council for the period 1914–1918 who were German-Austrian citizens should form the provisional German-Austrian State Railway Council , which would meet under the chairmanship of the State Secretary for Transport .
Transport policy
- Vienna light rail
The Ministry continued the leading collaboration of the state in the Commission for Transport Facilities in Vienna , created in 1892 , which had been chaired by the Minister of Commerce until then. In addition to the ministry, the city of Vienna, the state of Lower Austria (to which Vienna was a member at the time) and the Danube Regulation Commission were represented. In cooperation with the commission, the ministry ran the kk building department of the Wiener Stadtbahn (office 1897: Vienna 7., Mariahilfer Straße 126, near the Westbahnhof ), which oversaw the construction, which was completed in stages from 1898–1901. The light rail should serve as an inner-city means of mass transport as well as for the shifting of troops between the long-distance railways in case of mobilization.
- New alpine railways
In 1901, at the request of Railway Minister Wittek, the Reichsrat decided on the largest investment project of the last decades of the monarchy under the political term New Alpine Railways (for details see political mandate ). On the basis of the law of June 6th, 1901, concerning the production of several railways at state expense and the establishment of a construction and investment program for the state railroad administration for the period up to the end of 1905 and further legal endowments on July 24th, 1905, the Tauernbahn , the Karawankenbahn , the Wocheiner Bahn (including the Karstbahn), the Pyhrnbahn and the Wechselbahn are to be built.
The Lemberg - Uzsokpass (connection from Galicia to the Kingdom of Hungary ) and Rakonitz - Laun north-west of Prague were also included in the legal authorization . To handle all these projects, Wittek founded the kk railway construction directorate directly subordinate to the minister on October 6, 1901, which was to be headed by a section head with the title kk railway construction director. He appointed Karl Wurmb as the first head of the new directorate . At the beginning of 1905, due to structural problems, foreseeable, previously unexpected additional costs, for which the Ministry's budget had not provided for, led to the resignation of Wurmb and Minister Wittek at the end of April 1905 following criticism in the parliamentary committee.
- Ticket tax
In 1902, on Wittek's suggestion, a ticket tax was legally introduced. A tax of 12% was added to the fare for the main railways, 6% for the local railways and 3% for the small railways. The highest court, those promoted under the military tariff as well as workers and job seekers with special discounted tickets were exempt from the tax, as were inner-city means of transport such as the Vienna light rail and trams. The law came into effect on January 1, 1903, at the same time as a pension increase for civil servants.
- Redeeming and buying private railways
When granting railway concessions to private companies, the state has always reserved the right to redeem the concession after a defined number of years , i.e. H. to take over the shares at a certain price.
Regarding the takeover of the Northern Railway, one of the most important railways of the monarchy, by the state, as decided by the Reichsrat on October 31, 1906 at the request of Railway Minister Derschatta, see Northern Railway .
The purchase of the Bohemian Northern Railway, which was agreed with the railway company in spring 1908, with retroactive effect from January 1, 1908, was approved by law on August 2, 1908 at the request of Minister Julius Derschatta.
The acquisition of the Austrian lines of the privileged Austro-Hungarian State Railway Company , the Austrian Northwest Railway and the South-North German Connection Railway, agreed with the railway companies in autumn 1908 , was approved by law on March 27, 1909 by the Reichsrat in the second term of office of Railway Minister Wrba . The takeover of operations by the kk Staatsbahnen took place on October 15, 1909.
Separate directorates were set up for the railways that were newly incorporated into the Imperial and Royal State Railways. B. on January 1st, 1907, the kk Nordbahndirektion , directly subordinate to the Ministry of Railways.
- Concessions for branch lines
When the Ministry of Railways began its work, almost all of the main lines had long been built. From 1896 to 1914, the Ministry therefore had numerous concessions and construction contracts in the Reichsgesetzblatt for branch lines (e.g. 1912 for the Pressburger Bahn , which operated from 1914), local railways, narrow-gauge railways and electrically operated normal-gauge small railroad lines (meaning tram lines) in to make known to the cities of the monarchy.
End of the ministry
Cisleithanien split up into several states at the end of October 1918; So also the until then uniform operation of the state railways. At the beginning of November 1918, the State Secretary for Transport in the Renner I state government , Karl Jukel , took over the railway agendas for German Austria from Karl von Banhans , railway minister of the last imperial government, the Lammasch Ministry . At the request of Charles I , however, his government remained in office until the emperor himself renounced any share in state affairs on November 11, 1918 and removed the ministers on the same day.
The Provisional National Assembly for German Austria decided on November 12, 1918 to dissolve the Imperial and Royal Ministries. The transport agendas were initially processed by the State Office for Transport, headed by a State Secretary with the rank of minister, from November 10, 1920, the day the new Federal Constitution came into force , by the Federal Ministry of Transport .
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Ordinance of the Minister of Commerce of June 23, 1884 , RGBl. No. 103/1884 (= p. 245)
- ↑ RGBl. No. 16/1896 (= p. 21 f.)
- ↑ Stenographic Protocols. House of Representatives. 450th meeting of the XI. Session, February 15, 1896, pp. 22555 ff.
- ^ Announcement by the Minister of Railways of July 28, 1896 , RGBl. No. 129/1896 (= p. 459)
- ^ Official daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , Vienna, No. 144, June 26, 1917, p. 1
- ↑ † Dr. Zdenko Forster , in: Neue Freie Presse daily newspaper , Vienna, No. 20612, January 16, 1922, p. 4
- ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy for 1898 , Verlag der kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1898, p. 328
- ^ Lehmann's General Housing Gazette together with trade and commercial address book for the imperial capital and residence city of Vienna together with Floridsdorf and Jedlersdorf , Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1898, Volume 1, Section 2, Ministries, p. 138
- ↑ Website of ÖBB-IKT GmbH
- ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy for 1907 , 33rd year, kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1907, p. 387 ff.
- ^ § 1 organizational statute, announcement of February 19, 1897, RGBl. No. 59/1897 (= p. 370 f.)
- ↑ Announcement of March 29, 1900, RGBl. No. 66/1900 (= p. 104)
- ^ Announcement of the Ministry of Railways, RGBl. No. 225/1906 (= p. 1085)
- ^ Announcement of the Ministry of Railways of April 20, 1909, RGBl. No. 57/1909 (= p. 155 ff.)
- ↑ Enforcement instruction ... of February 7, 1919, StGBl. No. 109/1919 (= p. 231)
- ↑ RGBl. No. 63/1901 (= p. 201)
- ↑ RGBl. No. 129/1905 (= p. 282)
- ^ Announcement of the Ministry of Railways of October 6, 1901 , RGBl. No. 157 (= p. 504)
- ↑ RGBl. No. 169/1908 (= p. 603)
- ↑ Law of March 27, 1909, RGBl. No. 46/1909 (= p. 122 f.)
- ^ Announcement of the Ministry of Railways of December 30, 1906, RGBl. No. 2/1907 (= p. 17)
Kuk common ministries : foreign affairs | Finance | war
kk Ministries: Agriculture | Cult and teaching | Railway (from 1896) | Finance | Trade | Interior | Justice | National defense | public works (from 1908) | Social welfare (from 1917) | Public Health (from 1917)