Saint Marx

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Former administration building of the cattle market in St. Marx

Since 1850, Sankt Marx has been part of the 3rd district of Vienna , Landstrasse, which was created at that time . From the 13th century on, a hospital was located here, the chapel of which, consecrated to St. Mark , later gave the area its name. From 1846 to the end of the 20th century, St. Marx was best known for its slaughterhouse and Vienna's central cattle market. Today the district is an important inner-city development area .

history

An infirmary at the gates of Vienna

St. Marxer Spital around 1724 (engraving by Salomon Kleiner )
St. Marx toll booth on the Wiener Neustädter Canal
St. Marx supply house in the 19th century
Gate of the St. Marx cattle market, around 1900
St. Marx cattle hall
The former bank building
The arena in the former domestic slaughterhouse
T-Center, seen from Rennweg

In the Middle Ages it was customary to build so-called infirmary houses outside of large cities and towns in order to prevent infectious travelers from bringing a serious illness such as the plague and thus potentially death to the city. In the 13th century, such an infirmary was built near the current intersection of Rennweg and Landstraßer Hauptstraße . The house, run by the Order of Lazarus , received a chapel in the 14th century, which was consecrated to St. Mark . Over the centuries, the name of the hospital, which was destroyed and rebuilt twice in the course of the Turkish sieges of Vienna, changed from Infirmary St. Lazar to Bürgerspital St. Marks (a shortened form of St. Markus) to St. Markser Spital , until the area around the hospital was finally named St. Marx in the 18th century .

The line wall erected in 1704 already proved itself after a few months, when an attack on Vienna by around 4,000 Kuruzen attempted at St. Marx could be repelled. The wall also served as a tax border, and the import and taxation of food was regulated at the toll stations known as the "Consumption Tax Line Offices", including the St. Marxer Line . In 1784 the Sankt Marxer Friedhof was laid out outside the line wall , in the same year the patients of the citizen's hospital located within the lines were transferred to the newly built general hospital in Alsergrund .

In 1785 the institution was converted into the St. Marx supply house for poor and old people. The Wiener Neustädter Canal , opened in 1803, separated the St. Marxer Friedhof from the Linientor and the rest of St. Marx, but was spanned by a bridge outside the line wall. The liner office expanded its agendas to include canal shipping.

A brewery has been located here since the 14th century and was leased by Adolf Ignaz Mautner in the mid-19th century . After the supply house was closed in 1861, Mautner bought the entire building complex and expanded his Sankt Marx brewery ; a well-known beer brand he produced was the St. Marxer Abzug beer . At the beginning of the 20th century, the plant was shut down because Mautner merged with Anton Dreher and his Schwechat brewery . The buildings were then used as apartments, but had to be demolished after the Second World War . In the 1950s, a community building was built on this site , the so-called Maderspergerhof. Josef Madersperger , who is considered to be the inventor of the sewing machine , spent his old age in the St. Marx supply house and, like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was buried in a shaft grave at the St. Marx cemetery. Next to the entrance of the Maderspergerhof on Landstraßer Hauptstrasse there is a memorial plaque designed as a relief by the graphic artist Victor Theodor Slama , which shows Madersperger and the former supply house.

The central cattle market St. Marx

At the end of the 18th century, a cattle market was established between the St. Marx supply house and the Linienwall, which was held in front of the so-called Ochsengries in front of the Stubentor . In 1846 the construction of the slaughterhouse in St. Marx began. Since parts of the planned area were outside the line wall, it had to be partially removed and rebuilt again to the outside. In 1872, the transport infrastructure was considerably improved by the construction of its own slaughterhouse railway, so it was soon necessary to enlarge the facility. In 1877 it was decided to expand and partly also to build a new building of the Vienna Central slaughter cattle market. The cattle hall , which is considered the first wrought iron structure in Vienna, was also built in this phase . In the following decades the slaughterhouse was expanded several times and in the inter-war period reached the height of its importance for the meat supply of Vienna . Soon the name St. Marx became a synonym for the large slaughterhouse in the southeast of the 3rd district.

Since the facility no longer met modern standards in the 1960s and, due to the spatial separation of the various individual slaughterhouses, did not have the necessary central structures, the city administration decided to build a new building. The meat center St. Marx was built from 1968 to 1975 . The foreign slaughterhouse, which has now been closed, served as the venue for the Festwochen Arena in 1975 and 1976 as part of the Wiener Festwochen . After the events in June 1976, the buildings were supposed to be torn down, after which the site was occupied for around three months. The demolition took place anyway, but the City of Vienna made the former domestic slaughterhouse available as an alternative, which is still used today as an arena venue.

At the end of the 1990s, the meat center was shut down and considerations about the subsequent use of the area began. Only the cutting center of the domestic slaughterhouse remained in operation until it was relocated to the new meat center on the Vienna wholesale market in Inzersdorf in December 2007. In June 2008, the old slaughterhouse was used again as a staging area for the medical units of the Bavarian Red Cross during the European Football Championship . They were stationed in the old administration wing for three weeks to support the Austrian Red Cross .

The gate system flanked by stone bulls, the cattle hall and four other buildings are listed as historical monuments . The cattle hall was renovated from 2006 to 2008 and has since been used as the “ Marx Hall ” as a multi-purpose hall for concerts, trade fairs, theater productions and events.

Current and future developments

As early as the 1970s, following the construction of the St. Marx meat center, a number of businesses settled in the area that had become vacant. After the majority of the meat center was shut down at the end of the 1990s, there has been a lot of planning and construction work on the subsequent use of the area.

The most striking example of modern architecture in St. Marx is probably the T-Center office building built in 2004 on the site of the former terminus of the Schlachthausbahn . In the immediate vicinity is the Campus Vienna Biocenter , which was expanded in 2011 to include the Marxbox office and laboratory building . On Karree St. Marx , a long fallow area bordering the urban wilderness green zone between Schlachthausgasse , Viehmarktgasse and Henneberggasse , over 400 apartments, offices and infrastructural facilities have been built since mid-2008. The Media Quarter Marx uses the listed former administration building of the Viehmarkt as well as a building erected in 2011 on Henneberggasse which includes television studios , offices and rooms for direction and post-production . ORF's plans to sell its studios on Rosenhügel and relocate them to the Media Quarter were abandoned in 2014. Since 2010, the name Neu Marx has been used for this newly created and still developing area.

There are also inner-city development areas in the immediate vicinity of St. Marx , such as the “business city” TownTown northeast of St. Marx, or the Aspanggrund to the west.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Marx Halle": New concert hall for Vienna from March 21, 2014
  2. ↑ ORF Vienna - glass building for biotechnology research of 3 September 2008
  3. ↑ diepresse.com - Laying of the foundation stone for "Karree St. Marx" on July 4th, 2008
  4. ↑ Wirtschaftsblatt - St. Marx becomes a hub for media companies ( memento from September 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) from September 18, 2008
  5. ↑ Der Standard - ORF wants to sell Rosenhügel from September 15, 2008
  6. ^ Kurier - Küniglberg becomes a real ORF center from Feb. 22, 2014

Web links

Commons : Sankt Marx  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '  N , 16 ° 24'  E